neuroscience applications in e- navigation usability issues · 2014-01-23 · neuroscience...
Post on 17-Mar-2020
2 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Neuroscience Applications in e-Navigation Usability Issues
Prof. N. Nikitakos – D.Papachristos (Ph.D. cand) Dept. of Shipping Trade and Transport, University of the Aegean
Digital Ship - Nov. 27-28, 2012 - Athens
www.stt.aegean.gr
CONTENTS •Introduction •Neuroscience •e-Navigation •Marine Usability •Proposed Research Framework •Conclusions
www.stt.aegean.gr
Introduction
www.stt.aegean.gr
Introduction (1)
the study of usability user experience Accessibility Aesthetics emotion affect ergonomics
www.stt.aegean.gr
Neuroscience
www.stt.aegean.gr
Neuroscience (1)
Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system
traditionally, neuroscience has been seen as a branch of biology
the neuroscience is a interdisciplinary science that collaborates with other fields such as chemistry, computer science, engineering, linguistics, mathematics, medicine and allied disciplines, philosophy, physics, and psychology
www.stt.aegean.gr
Neuroscience (2)
the nervous system is the most complex organ system in the body
The human brain alone contains around a hundred billion neurons and a hundred trillion synapses
The study the nervous system focus: how it is structured, how it works, how it develops, how it malfunctions, and how it can be changed
www.stt.aegean.gr
Neuroscience (3)
Brain Synapse
www.stt.aegean.gr
Neuroscience (4)
Today the use of the consolidated strategic research that is called cognitive neuroscience and includes the study of the behavior and the external situations related to it, as well as the expansion of the nervous system mechanisms that intervene in this relationship, leads to a better expansion of the user’s physiological reactions
www.stt.aegean.gr
Neuroscience (5)
Cognitive neuroscience topics: Attention Change blindness Consciousness Decision-making
www.stt.aegean.gr
Neuroscience (6)
For example, there are too few studies of the interactive technologies at the ship’s bridge (e.g. Grootjen et al, 2006; Goulda et al, 2009), which focus on the ‘cognitive ergonomics’ aspects of use.
www.stt.aegean.gr
Neuroscience (7)
More specifically, these studies tend to report on usage effects on health, safety and mental workload; however they offer little guidance on the evaluation methods and/or the design of the respective technology and equipment (devices) with respect to usability.
www.stt.aegean.gr
Neuroscience (8)
The measurement methodology must fulfill all three requirements of the cognitive Neuroscience: experiential verification operational definition repetition
www.stt.aegean.gr
Neuroscience (9)
Some neuroscience tools: Eye tracking fMRI EEG Sentiment analysis in speech Face analysis
www.stt.aegean.gr
Neuroscience (10)
www.stt.aegean.gr
e-Navigation
www.stt.aegean.gr
e-Navigation (1) IMO has recognised the e-navigation offers: reliability Effectiveness The initial definition for e-Navigation was formulated by
IALA thus: he harmonized collection, integration, exchange, presentation
and analysis of marine information onboard and ashore by electronic means to enhance berth to berth navigation and related services for safety and security at sea and protection of the marine environment
www.stt.aegean.gr
e-Navigation (2)
IMO’s goal is to develop an e-navigation strategy underpinned by user needs, so that technology can be applied appropriately
“E-navigation is a opportunity to drive technological innovation towards enhanced navigation safety”
Satellite for GPS
www.stt.aegean.gr
Marine Usability
www.stt.aegean.gr
Marine Usability (1)
Usability has been defined by ISO 9241 as “the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in a specified context of use”.
www.stt.aegean.gr
Marine Usability (2)
Effectiveness means accuracy and completeness with which users achieve specified goals (ISO 9241)
Efficiency means resources expended in relation to the accuracy and completeness with which users achieve goals (ISO 9241)
Satisfaction means freedom from discomfort and positive attitudes towards the use of the product (ISO 9241)
www.stt.aegean.gr
Marine Usability (3)
Usability test means a test aiming to evaluate usability of a product with real users. There are two types of usability test :
summative usability test (rate, efficiency and satisfaction, and evaluate overall usability of the product)
Formative usability test (to identity, analyze and improve potential usability problems)
www.stt.aegean.gr
Marine Usability (4)
Cognitive ergonomics. For example, usability assessments in interactive technologies at the ship’s bridge
Usability testing
Ship’s bridge
www.stt.aegean.gr
Marine Usability (5) Timing
Selection of test participants
Setting of tasks
Preparation for tests
Implementation and record
Evaluation and analysis
Report of test results
I. Planning
II. Preparation
III. Implementation
IV. Analysis
Process of summative usability test
www.stt.aegean.gr
Marine Usability (6)
According to Osterman et al. (2010) “several models and methods have been developed to estimate costs and benefits of ergonomics in other industries, but no studies
were found from the shipping industry”
www.stt.aegean.gr
Marine Usability (7)
Example: Usability assessment ship’s bridge equipment Various interactive technologies and systems to assist ship command designed with usability to allow ease of use and not pose additional burdens to marine officers
www.stt.aegean.gr
Marine Usability (8)
Marine usability testing
www.stt.aegean.gr
Proposed Research Framework
www.stt.aegean.gr
Proposed Research Framework (1)
multi-method approach usability assessment ship bridge interactive systems the physiological data (gaze tracking & speech
recording) emotional user responses usability testing
www.stt.aegean.gr
Proposed Research Framework (2)
Why? the necessity of a mixed approach to usability
evaluation Need for a generic, but practical framework More objective measurements
www.stt.aegean.gr
Proposed Research Framework (3)
SCOPE Ship’s bridge euipment in modern ship: new technology for navigation (i.e. GPS, radar), computer tools supporting (i.e. electronic
cartography-ECDIS) Steering Control Consoles Helm unit and Lee Helm
www.stt.aegean.gr
Proposed Research Framework (4)
The main elements of the proposed approach include: Registration and interpretation of user emotional states Gaze tracking and interpretation Speech recording and lexical analysis (sentiment
processing) Usability testing procedures Usability questionnaires Wrap-up interviews
www.stt.aegean.gr
Proposed Research Framework (5)
Influence
Personality Personal
background
Expectations-interesting
Evaluation
user
mood
Software tool
Scenario
DM interaction
measure
Gaze tracking &
head movements
During the interaction
Speech (text)
Before-After interaction (mood, meta experience
emotion)
incentive
emotion
Psychological
phenomenon
Targets: •Correlation Influence – Affect Situation (AS)
•Confirm psychological theories •Correlation Speech (text) – AS •Correlation Gaze tracking & head movements - AS •Correlation Emotion (happy, sad) - Satisfaction (educational using, usability)
Satisfaction (by using)
t
Pr, Pm, p_b, Exp_In, Eval
influence
good bad mood
happy sad Emotion
yes No satisfaction
appraisal
Affective information
observation
www.stt.aegean.gr
Conclusion
www.stt.aegean.gr
The approach is general in the sense Applied in various types of systems Plurastic Require further adaptations to accommodate
evaluation of particular interactive systems
Conclusion (1)
www.stt.aegean.gr
A further extension of this work shoot include usability testing methods at ships bridge∙ an
example recent work of this respect hand been proposed by Japan research team in Sub –
Committee on Safety of Navigation, IMO (IMO, 2012)
Conclusion (2)
www.stt.aegean.gr
Thank you nnik@aegean.gr
top related