network centric planning ---- campaign of experimentation program of research iamwg dr. david s....

Network Centric Planning----

Campaign of ExperimentationProgram of Research

IAMWG

Dr. David S. AlbertsSeptember 2005

Agenda

• Objectives• Planning in the Context of Command• C2 Approach Space • Initial Version of the Conceptual Model• Campaign Phases• Critical Path Items• Research Priorities

Objectives

• Propose a Campaign of Experimentation and an associated Program of Research to explore the nature of a planning approach that is suitable for Network Centric Operations

• Provide an initial formulation to serve as a point of departure– Objectives– Initial version of a Conceptual Model– Critical Path items– Priority research topics

Planning in the Context of Command

Command

Sensemaking

Planning

Execution(Actions (t))

Effects (t)

Plan (t)

Outcomes (t)

Dimensions of Command Approach Space(NATO SAS-050)

• Allocation of Decision Rights—The distribution of choices related to a particular topic under a set of circumstances or conditions disseminated to the international community, a society, an enterprise, or an organization.

• Patterns of Interactions Enabled—Establishing standards or protocols that facilitate the appropriate level and quality of communication, information exchange and collaboration required for success.

• Distribution of Information (Command)—The way information flows and is disseminated in the “real world” because of informal relationships, linkages and sources.

• Dynamics Across Purpose and Time– The location of an organization within the C2 approach space may differ

depending on the type of operation.– The period of engagement of an organization within the C2 approach space

may differ depending on the type of operation.

C2 Approach Space(SAS-050)

Distribution of Decision Rights

Distrib

ution

of

Infor

mation

Patte

rn o

f Int

erac

tion

Tight Control

Broad Dissemination

Peer to Peer

Fully Distributed

Unitary

Fully Hierarchal

Edge Organizations

Classic C2

Agenda

• Objectives• Planning in the Context of Command• C2 Approach Space • Initial Version of the Conceptual Model

– Planning Approach Space– Value View (Overview)– Process View

• Campaign Phases• Critical Path Items• Research Priorities

Planning Approach Space

nature of the process

Info

rmat

ion

diss

emin

atio

n

natur

e of th

e plan

hierarchical edge

post

/pul

l w/ c

olab

detai

led

inten

t

with

in c

hain

of c

md

traditionalbaseline

networkcentric

Measures of Merit for Planning

Command

Sensemaking

Planning

Execution(Actions (t))

Effects (t)

Plan (t)

Outcomes (t)

Quality of Command

Quality of Sensemaking

Quality of Planning

Plan QualityQuality of Execution

Value of Effects

Conceptual Model: Value View

Quality of Command

Quality of Sensemaking

Quality of Planning

Plan Quality

Quality of Execution

Value of Effects

Quality of Command

MCP Elements DOTMLP Value View

Approach to Command and Control

Quality of ControlDoctrine

OrganizationLeadership

Training Quality of TrainingTraining

Personnel Quality of PersonnelEducation

Quality of Sensemaking

Systems MaterialQuality of ISR

Quality of TransportQuality of

Information Services

Information Quality

Mission Effectiveness Mission EffectivenessMission Effectiveness

Quality of Execution

Force Agility

From Alberts and Hayes, Understanding C2, CCRP Publications, 2005

Functions of Command

command

social

cognitive

information

physical

• nature of interactions• resource allocation: personnel

• awareness of - intent, roles / responsibilities - rules /constraints

• resource allocation: information assets• resource allocation: information access• information sharing

• resource allocation: material

From Alberts and Hayes, Understanding C2, CCRP Publications, 2005

Network Centric Hypotheses

Information Sharing and

Collaboration

Quality of information and

Shared Situational Awarenessenhances

A robustly networked force Information Sharingimproves

Shared situational awareness enablesCollaboration

andSelf-synchronization

These, in turn, dramatically increase mission effectiveness

Informationavailable

perceptions

access toinformation

mentalmodels individual

awarenessunderstanding

predictiondecisions

Information Domain

collaborationcapabilities

Cognitive Domain Social Domain

interactions

expressionsof intent

sharedawareness

understandingpredictiondecisions

to actions

access tocollaboration

From Alberts and Hayes, Understanding C2, CCRP Publications, 2005

Sensemaking

A robustly networked force Information Sharingimproves

Informationavailable

perceptions

access toinformation

mentalmodels individual

awarenessunderstanding

predictiondecisions

Information Domain

collaborationcapabilities

Cognitive Domain Social Domain

interactions

expressionsof intent

sharedawareness

understandingpredictiondecisions

to actions

access tocollaboration

From Alberts and Hayes, Understanding C2, CCRP Publications, 2005

information sharing

Informationavailable

perceptions

access toinformation

mentalmodels individual

awarenessunderstanding

predictiondecisions

Information Domain

collaborationcapabilities

Cognitive Domain Social Domain

interactions

expressionsof intent

sharedawareness

understandingpredictiondecisions

to actions

access tocollaboration

From Alberts and Hayes, Understanding C2, CCRP Publications, 2005

Information Sharing and

Collaboration

Quality of information and

Shared Situational Awarenessenhances

information sharing

information quality

Informationavailable

perceptions

access toinformation

mentalmodels individual

awarenessunderstanding

predictiondecisions

Information Domain

collaborationcapabilities

Cognitive Domain Social Domain

interactions

expressionsof intent

sharedawareness

understandingpredictiondecisions

to actions

access tocollaboration

From Alberts and Hayes, Understanding C2, CCRP Publications, 2005

Shared situational awareness enablesCollaboration

andSelf-synchronization

synchronizedactions

Planning and Execution

Intent

Entities

Information

Plan / Decisions

Actions

Effects

Entities

Entities

Entities

Information

Plan / Decisions

interactions

planning

execution

interactions

InformationSharing

AwarenessUnderstanding

AwarenessUnderstanding

SharedAwareness

Understanding

SharedAwareness

Understanding

Agenda

• Objectives• Planning in the Context of Command• C2 Approach Space • Initial Version of the Conceptual Model• Campaign Phases

– Concept Phase– Refinement Phase

• Critical Path Items• Research Priorities

Concept Phase

Assess theConceptual

Model

CharacterizeApproaches

Formula

tion P

hase

ConceptualModel

Initial Version

IdentifyCandidatePlanning

Approaches

DevelopWorkingModel(s)

DevelopMetrics /

Instruments

AssessApproaches

(analyses & experiments)

ConceptualModel

(revised & updated)

PromisingApproaches

to refinement phase

ResearchPriorities

to Program of Research

Refinement Phase

Synthesis

Conce

pt Pha

se

ConceptualModel

(revised & updated)

PromisingApproaches

to demonstrationphase

ResearchPriorities

to Program of Research

ModelExperimentAnalysis

Analysis

Analysis

AnalysisModel

Model Model Experiment

ExperimentExperiment

Experiment

ExperimentPlanning Approach #1

Planning Approach #N

Planning Approach #2Model

ExperimentAnalysis

Analysis

Analysis

AnalysisModel

Model Model Experiment

ExperimentExperiment

Experiment

Experiment

ExperimentAnalysis

Analysis

AnalysisModel

Model Model Experiment

Experiment

Experiment

Experiment

ExperimentModel

PromisingApproaches

(revised)

ExperimentAnalysis

Analysis

AnalysisModel

Model Model Experiment

ExperimentExperiment

Experiment

Experiment

Research Findings

Agenda

• Objectives• Planning in the Context of

Command• C2 Approach Space • Initial Version of the

Conceptual Model• Campaign Phases• Critical Path Items• Research Priorities

Developing Synergies

possibilitiesC2 State

of the Practice

UnderstandingCommand

Control

C2 State of the

Art

AnalysisState of the

Practice

State of the Practice

Measurement

knowledgepossibilities

ideas

requirements

metrics

data datarequirements

knowled

ge focus

data

dataExperimentsState of the

Practice

focus

data

ideas

Critical Path

• Getting measurement right– Meta-data– Relevance of metrics– Appropriateness of instruments– Conditions under which data is collected

• Initial Conceptual Model• Understand and adopt CoBPs• Establish portal for data, findings, and instrumentation

Research Priorities

• Influenced by the Results of Experiments and Analyses• A Priori High Priority Topics

– Taxonomy of Planning and Plans– Quality metrics for planning and plans– Factors that influence Planning Quality– Factors that influence Plan Quality– Impact of Planning and Plan Quality on Operations– Methods and Tools for Planning– Plan Visualization