naming molecules

Naming Molecules

Naming Molecules

P2O5

Naming MoleculesRule 1:

The first element in the formula is always named first, using the entire element name.

P2O5

Naming MoleculesRule 1:

The first element in the formula is always named first, using the entire element name.

P2O5

phosphorous

Naming MoleculesRule 2:

The second element in the formula is named using the root of the element and adding the suffix –ide.

P2O5

phosphorous

Naming MoleculesRule 2:

The second element in the formula is named using the root of the element and adding the suffix –ide.

P2O5

phosphorous oxide

Naming MoleculesRule 3:

Prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of each type that are present in the compound.

P2O5

phosphorous oxide

Naming Molecules1 mono-2 di-3 tri-4 tetra-5 penta-

P2O5

phosphorous oxide

6 hexa- 7 hepta-8 octa-9 nona-10 deca-

Naming Molecules1 mono-2 di-3 tri-4 tetra-5 penta-

P2O5

diphosphorous pentoxide

6 hexa- 7 hepta-8 octa-9 nona-10 deca-

Naming MoleculesException:

The first element never uses the prefix mono-.

Naming MoleculesException:

The first element never uses the prefix mono-.

COcarbon monoxide

Naming MoleculesException:

The first element never uses the prefix mono-

COcarbon monoxide

Not monocarbon monoxide.

Naming Molecules

You will have to use these rules on your next test.

Common Names

Common NamesWe don’t usually talk about dihydrogen monoxide

Common NamesWe don’t usually talk about dihydrogen monoxide

H2O

Common NamesWe don’t usually talk about dihydrogen monoxide.

It’s just called water.

H2O

Common Namesdihydrogen monoxide

H2Owater

Common Namesnitrogen trihydride

Common Namesnitrogen trihydride

NH3

Common Namesnitrogen trihydride

NH3

ammonia

Common Namesdinitrogen tetrahydride

Common Namesdinitrogen tetrahydride

N2H4

hydrazine

Common Namesdinitrogen monoxide

Common Namesdinitrogen monoxide

N2O

Common Namesdinitrogen monoxide

N2Onitrous oxide

laughing gas

Common Namesnitrogen monoxide

Common Namesnitrogen monoxide

NOnitric oxide

Common Names

I will not ask you to memorize common names.

I just want you to know they exist.

Naming AcidsIf a molecule forms an acid when dissolved in water, there are other rules.

Naming AcidsAcid rule 1: binary acids (HX)

Naming AcidsAcid rule 1: binary acids (HX)

hydro________ic acid

Fill in the blank with the root of the element

Naming AcidsAcid rule 1: binary acids (HX)

hydro________ic acid

Fill in the blank with the root of the element

HCl

Naming AcidsAcid rule 1: binary acids (HX)

hydro________ic acid

Fill in the blank with the root of the element

HClhydrochloric acid

Naming AcidsAcid rule 1: binary acids (HX)

hydro________ic acid

Fill in the blank with the root of the element

HBr

Naming AcidsAcid rule 1: binary acids (HX)

hydro________ic acid

Fill in the blank with the root of the element

HBrhydrobromic acid

Naming AcidsAcid rule 2: polyatomic ions (HXY) with no oxygen

Naming AcidsAcid rule 2: polyatomic ions (HXY) with no oxygen

hydro________ic acid

Fill in the blank with the root of the polyatomic ion

Naming AcidsAcid rule 2: polyatomic ions (HXY) with no oxygen

hydro________ic acid

Fill in the blank with the root of the polyatomic ion

HCN

Naming AcidsAcid rule 2: polyatomic ions (HXY) with no oxygen

hydro________ic acid

Fill in the blank with the root of the polyatomic ion

HCNhydrocyanic acid

Naming AcidsAcid rule 3: oxyacids (HXO)

_____ic acid if the ion ends in –ate

_____ous acid if the ion ends in -ite

Naming AcidsAcid rule 3: oxyacids (HXO)

_____ic acid if the ion ends in –ate

_____ous acid if the ion ends in -ite

HNO3

Naming AcidsAcid rule 3: oxyacids (HXO)

_____ic acid if the ion ends in –ate

_____ous acid if the ion ends in -ite

HNO3 NO3-

nitrate

Naming AcidsAcid rule 3: oxyacids (HXO)

_____ic acid if the ion ends in –ate

_____ous acid if the ion ends in -ite

HNO3 NO3-

nitric acid nitrate

Naming AcidsAcid rule 3: oxyacids (HXO)

_____ic acid if the ion ends in –ate

_____ous acid if the ion ends in -ite

HNO2

Naming AcidsAcid rule 3: oxyacids (HXO)

_____ic acid if the ion ends in –ate

_____ous acid if the ion ends in -ite

HNO2 NO2-

Naming AcidsAcid rule 3: oxyacids (HXO)

_____ic acid if the ion ends in –ate

_____ous acid if the ion ends in -ite

HNO2 NO2-

nitrite

Naming AcidsAcid rule 3: oxyacids (HXO)

_____ic acid if the ion ends in –ate

_____ous acid if the ion ends in -ite

HNO2 NO2-

nitrous acid nitrite

Read section 9.2 (pages 248-251) in the textbook and do problems 27, 28, and 29 on page 251.

This is due at the end of the period.

For the rest of the period…

.