msf project management bridget steffen

PROJECT MANAGEMENTAssessment, Analysis & Planning in

emergencies

Bridget Steffen DHA 2009

Learning OutcomesProgramme management • describe the key elements of a

relief programme apply the planning cycle and the systems model when planning a relief operation.

Project proposals, reports, Fundraising

• describe the elements involved in writing a project proposal

• explain the principles involved in the use of ‘logframes’

Human resources: • discuss the main problems of

human resources in relief operations.

Project Cycle ApproachProject Cycle Approach

ImplementationPlanning

Monitoring &

evaluation

Assessment & Analysis

Emergency

Assessment

Assessment Process

• What does it do?• Assessment

process/objectives• ASK YOURSELF• Types/sources of data• Assessment challenges

• Half of the whole is better than the whole of half

Assessment Tools/Methods• Existing Reports;

Statistical Surveys; Maps; other agencies

• Satellite• Plane• Drive-by• Walk-through• Interviews• Group discussions &

participatory methods (Participatory Rap Assessment)

• Media

Analysis 

Data Analysis & Context Information 

Some analytical tools

• Statistical analsysis • Gap analysis: ‘WWW’• Vulnerability/Capacity Analysis• Gender Analysis• Demographic analysis• Technical and sectoral analysis• Problem analysis• Epidemiological analysis• SWOT analysis• Stakeholder analysis• Do No Harm analysis

Chart 2: Attack rate by caseload, Kiryandongo Refugee Camp.

0,14

0,41

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

Old New

Refugee caseload

Att

ac

k r

ate

(p

erc

en

t)Graph 1: Epidemic curve for cholera cases,

Kiryandongo Refugee Camp, June to August, 2003

0

10

20

30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Weeks

No

. of

ca

se

s

Statistical analysis using graphs

Gap Analysis: 3Ws Who is doing What Where

Oxfam WVI MSF

Health X

Protection

Nutrition x X

Watsan x x

Camp A Camp B Host

Shelter UNHCR UNHCR Government

Health MSF MSF MSF

NFIs Save the Children Save the Children

Physical /Material

Social /Organizational

Motivational /Attitudinal

Vulnerabilities Capacities

Vulnerabilities and Capacities Analysis

Needs assessed Needs assessed by by ‘experts’‘experts’

Demands Demands expresedexpresed

Responses Responses possiblepossible

Actual needs

InterWorks/UNHCR

Mandate or Mandate or speciality of the speciality of the

organisationorganisation

Humanitarian Humanitarian needsneeds

Resources Resources availableavailable

A A PRIORIPRIORI

“When you’ve a hammer in your hand, all problems look like nails that need hammering”.

The problem of bias: e.g. speciality or mandate bias

Broader context

What other types of bias can you think of?

Gender analysisActivity profile what work women and men actually do (gender

division of labour – roles and responsibilities)Access and control profile what access/control women and

men have to productive resources and who benefits from their useAnalysis of factors and trends that influence the gender

division of labour, gender relations, and access and control over resources

Programme cycle analysis applying all the above data to all stages of the programme cycle

Red Cross / Red Crescent Protection Framework(adapted from ‘do no harm’ framework

1. Analyse the historical and current context

ThreatsVulnerable

GroupsSource of

Protection

YourOrganization

YourProgrammes

YourRelationships

the environment

the vulnerablepopulation others

2. Describe your activities

3. What are your effects on…

Are there any harmful effects, protection gaps or missed opportunities?

4. How can you improve?

YourOrganization

YourProgrammes

YourRelationships

SWOT AnalysisObjective

Tondon refugees receive sufficient food support

Strengths (internal)•Used to local area•Strong links with UNHCR•Food reserves available to sell

Weaknesses (internal)•Christian organisation•Lack of skilled staff

Opportunities (external)•UNHCR base in area•Strong international response that wants to buy food

-Partnership with UNHCR-Sell food to NGOs

Request training from INGOs

Partner with Muslim orgs

Threats (external)•Insecure environment•Donor fatigue

-Get funding from UNHCR-Promote our work within communities

Stakeholder AnalysisHigh Importance

Low Importance

High Influence

Low Influence

Flooding of

inhabited areas

Severe floodsLiving on floodplain

Poor dam operation

Tropical stormsDeforestation

Global Warming?

Loss of wetlands

Popn. Pressure

Poverty

Low yields

Lack of good land

DiseaseDisempowermentNo alternative employment

Food-stocks destroyed

Crops destroyed

Livestock killed

People displaced

Homes destroyedPossessions swept away

Transport infrastructure destroyed

Social infrastructure destroyedImmediate

Hunger

Further Death

Deaths of family members

Loss of livelihoods

Disease

No access to markets

Food insecurity

Fisheries ruined

Lack of warning

Lack of shelter

Problem tree

Problem / objective analysis

High risk of spread of watsan-related diseases

Problem

People consume unsafe water

People fetch water from unprotected

sources

Objective

Low risk of spread of watsan-related diseases

People have access to clean

water

People fetch water from

protected water points

Planning

Logframes

Activity Plans, Gantt Charts

Budgets

Proposals

Logical framework analysis

Narrative summary of objectives

Objectively verifiable INDICATORS

Means of verification

Key assumptions

Goal

Objective (2 or 3)  

Outputs/Results  

Activities  

      Preconditions  

Inputs/Resources/budget

Logframe terminology

• Goal - the overall issue that the project will contribute towards, but not solve alone

• Objective – what your project will achieve – the direct benefit of our intervention on the population

• Result – tangible products/services delivered by the project (eg schools built, water pipeline constructed, food distributed

• Activities – how to reach/produce results materials procured, partnerships set up, trainings delivered

• Assumptions: risks that could influence/impact the project

Indicators

Measures each of the stages in terms of quality, quantity, time…

SMART

not just output…• Number of materials distributed• number of toilets built

…but impact• Change in proportion of people

of people undertaking hygienic practices

• Reduction in number of cholera cases

• Number of new toilets being correctly used and maintained

Gantt Chart

useful way of showing planned activities and durations against a timeline

Budget

• ‘plan of action’ of resources required

Implementation, Monitoring, Evaluation

Funding sources

• Private donors/individuals • Business donors • Institutional donors (USAID, DFID, ECHO, EC etc • UN agencies• Churches, mosques etc

Look for the strings attached!

Proposal Format

• http://www.aidworkers.net/ • http://www.globalpolicy.org• www.alertnet.org• http://www.ecology.edu/iiee/disaster.htm• http://allafrica.com/• http://www.reliefweb.int• http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/ • Better Programming Initiative (BPI)

Tools can be the blessing or the bane of our work