module 06 for nebosh course
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7/28/2019 Module 06 for nebosh course
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© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1
Module 06
Human Factors
7/28/2019 Module 06 for nebosh course
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© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1
Human Factors? “Human factors refer to environmental,
organisational and job factors, and
human and individual characteristics
which influence behaviour at work in a
way that can affect health and safety”
7/28/2019 Module 06 for nebosh course
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© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1
1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s
Technical improvements
(Hardware)
Process and procedural safety
(Software)
Human factors
Why Tackle Human Factors?
7/28/2019 Module 06 for nebosh course
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© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1
JOB
Task, WorkloadEnvironment
Display and ControlsProcedures…..
INDIVIDUAL
Competence, SkillsPersonality, Attitudes
Risk Perception…..
ORGANISATION
Culture,leadership,
Resources, Work patterns,Communications…..
Three Spheres of Influence
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The Individual
Attitudes and Behaviours
Motivation
Perception
Also issues re :-
Mental or physical capabilities
Training etc
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© CHSS 2003
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Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
7/28/2019 Module 06 for nebosh course
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Ref: SC/086/V1
Perception
7/28/2019 Module 06 for nebosh course
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Ref: SC/086/V1
Perception
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© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1
The Organisation
The culture is defined as:
“the product of individual or
group values, attitudes and
competencies and patterns of behaviour, that determine the
commitment to and style and
proficiency of an
organisation’s health andsafety programmes.”
Competence
Control
Co-operation
Communication
7/28/2019 Module 06 for nebosh course
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© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1
The Job
Safe systems of workErgonomics
The extent of decision making
a balance between stimulation and stress
Procedures and instructions
The working environmentmaintained to a standard and monitored
Work patterns
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© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1
6 Steps to Commitment
Committed
Involved
Compliant
Reluctant
Non-compliant
Apathetic
Creates and modifies the rules or
systems to achieve the goal.
Does what can be done within the
existing system.
Sees the benefits. Does what is expected,
but no more.
Does not see benefits. Does what is expected
to keep job. Probably makes reluctance known
Fails to see the benefits.
Will not do what is expected.
No opinion or interest
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Human Failure
Active failures Immediate
consequences eg
drivers, control roomstaff
Latent failures Poor design
Lack of training
Lack of supervision
Uncertainty on roles
and responsibility
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Major Incidents
Three Mile Island
Clapham Junction
Challenger Space Shuttle
Piper Alpha
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Human Failures
Human
Failures
Violations
Errors
Exceptional
Routine
Situational
Mistakes
Skill based
Lapses
Slips
Rules
Knowledge
H t t f
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How to promote safe
behaviour
Disciplineresponsibilities and accountability
Reward
Inform
reasoning and understanding
changing perceptions
Facilitate
make safe behaviour easy
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