modern society

Comenius 2009-2011 Europe:Transition from Traditional

to Modern Society 19th – 20th

V E and IV Bs Liceo Scientifico Statale

“Galileo Galilei” Potenza, Italy

Anno scolastico 2010/2011

Modern Society

Economical and Historical Background

Social Relations

Lifestyle Art

Italy celebrates the Unity 1861 - 2011

Historical Events

Emigration

Disasters

WWF

Violence

Credit Crunch

Economical and Historical Background

Italy celebrates the Unity 1861 - 2011

After Napoleonic campaign,

the indipendence wars

against Austro-Hungarian

Empire, Camillo Benso Earl

Cavour was the spokesman

of middle class and

intellectuals who wanted the

political, economic and social

liberation from foreign

powers.

Historical Events

EmigrationIn 1896 Francesco Saverio Nitti First Minister considered emigration “the only, big and safety valve” infact, emigration in Basilicata was a phenomenon wich changed the aspect, in the populating and bereaving. Basilicata was in extreme and needy conditions.

The countries too reach where Usa, Canada, Brasil, Australia and Belgium.

EmigrationLater in 1952 people from south moved to north Italy in towns as Milan, Tourin and Genoa to work in the FIAT.

EmigrationFIAT Logo/Badge

Emigration

FIAT 500

FIAT 600

FERRARI

Disasters

Ecological disasters

In Italy the hydrogeological disruption is part natural because of a breakable territory and part because of man misuse.

Disasters1956:Andrea Doria the big ship collided with the Swedish American line and sank.

Disasters1963: October 9th, a landslide made the dam Vajont overflow and several villages were destroyed, 9000 people died.

before after

Disasters1966: The river Arno inundated Florence. Volunteers from all of the world came to save works of art.

Disasters

1968: An earthquake devastated Belice Valley in Sicily.1976: The earthquake in Friuli.

1980: The earthquake in Irpinia (Campania) and Basilicata.

Disasters

2009: A terrible earthquake destroyed L’Aquila and around.

DisastersWaste, UE condemns Italy “At risk environment and human health”

The subject waste is the gap…

…North… …South

DisastersTo pay the effetc are the citizens economically and healthy, since pollution causes illness as asthma, cardiovascular problems, cancer and untimely death.

Disasters

Environment: Italy hasn’t solved its environmental problems yetItaly is naughty and UE punishes it.

Under accusation is the polluted air, the cause are the motorised mobility infact 82% are the means of private transport and the industrial waste without rules.

The report of “Environment Italy 2010” about our country health is undoubtedly negative.

DisastersPETROLEUM

Today the real wealth of Basilicata is from the subsoil that can offer good economic growth. The area is very rich in hydrocarbon as mathane and oil.

In Val d’Agri there is the biggest oilfield of Europe discovered in 1981 whose owner is ENI. There are 55 oil wells and 720 km of pipelines.

DisastersThe oil minings risk water resource. So we can say that Petroleum hasn’t brought wealth considering enviroment and health safety.

WWFIn Basilicata WWF has 1000 members. It is important bacause its aim is to protect the evironment.WWF has been operating since 1975.

Natural oasis of Moliterno

WWF

Oasis of Matera

Violence1969 – It’s “the Hot Autumn” because of the impressive protest, demonstration and strike everywhere in Italy.

Violence1972/74 – Terrorist autrages start everywhere in Italy.

Violence1978 – Aldo Moro a politician…

segregated…

… killed

ViolenceAugust 1980 – Red extremists made a bomb explode in Bologna rail station.

Violence1992 – Two judges of court Giovanni Falcone e Paolo Borsellino are killed by mafia.

The film “I Cento Passi” and the book “Gomorra” show those sad events.

Roberto Saviano the writer is forced to run under police escort.

Credit CrunchEconomical crisis.

Petroleum crisis of 1973 tested italian economy what had already weakned structures because of the late technology, inefficency of tax system, weakness of money and bad administration of government. So there were a deficit of the state balance.

When the Lira changed into Euro the situation didn' t change but got worse.

Social Relations

Women Movement

Women Vote

Women Day

School - University

Students Movement

Personalities

Celebrities

Women Movement

The first "Congress of the Italian women" held in Rome in 1908, where was also present at the meeting the Queen Elena wife of Vittorio Emanuele III.

Women MovementSeveral women took care of the problem of female emancipation: the old Anna Maria Mozzoni collected many signatures in favour of political vote to women, among the supporters was the famous educator Maria Montessori who developed an educational method based on the free development of children personality. The petition was discussed in parliament but was rejected. Meanwhile, feminist groups were formed in Turin, Naples and Milan.

Suffraggette duringthe 1° World War

Women MovementIn the Fascist period the woman was especially mother and wife, devoted to home, her husband and child-rearing. Passed the day of the Mother and Child for propaganda.

Women Movement

During the Second World War, in particular the period of resistance, women had an active role and would cooperate with the partisans.

Women MovementFrom the second post-war women were able to get their vote and laws such as the reforms on employment protection during pregnancy, abortion, divorce. In addition, sexual violence was regarded as a crime against the person, the honor killing was abolished, which justified the killing of mothers, wives and sisters in the case of dishonorable behavior.

Women VoteCrown or Republic?

On April 1945 the allied forces and partisans freed Italy from German and fascist, so after the liberation, Italy took its democratic life.

On the 2nd June 1946 they had to choose between the Monarchy and Republic and for the first time women could vote. Population voted Republic.

Women Vote

The first president was Luigi Einaudi

On 25th June 1946 it was settled the Assemblee Costituent and the Constitution was born to garantee man values.

Women DayIt was only until 1977 that the Women’s Day is officially recognized by the United Nations. It was 8th March 1857, some workers of New York protested to improve their working conditions. They struck against poor wages and poor conditions in which they were forced to work.

The symbol “8th March” was invented in Italy and the choice of “mimosa” hasn’t a ideological meaning, but it grew near the tombs of the dead women.

School - University

The development of Italian schools is a slow process because of economy.

School - University

During the Fascism policy, the school had important and deep reforms which lasted for long.

1959Education was compulsary till the 5° class years.

School - University

The Establishment of the Italian Republic states the principle that art and science are free and free is teaching them. Higher education shall promote the progress of science.The reform provided three sectors:• university education;• artistic and musical training;• technical training and other opportunities.

University of Bologna since 1088

Federico II Napoli since 1224

Students Movement

In 1968 Italy was characterised of young and workers manifestations because of deep social discontent caused by the economical development that hadn’t brought a change of the social class. Factories as the FIAT reacted with strikes.

Students MovementAt the strikes of workers participated the students who claimed the right to study. They occupied school and universities. On 21st December passed the law in favour of workers.The ‘68 was characterized as an ethic political revolt of young against society.Themes as pacifism, antiracism, dominion women rights, environment became discussions in the political debate of the world.

Personalities

Tina Anselmi

first woman Minister of the Italian Republic.

Nilde Iotti

first woman President of the Italian Camera Deputati

Personalities

Memory day

Celebrities

Today women are the most important Italian Rita Levi Montalcini, scientist, life-senator and Nobel prize for medicine.

Margherita Hack astrophysics has been for a long time collaborator of 'ESA and NASA’. As appreciation for his important contribution, she was named an asteroid.

Celebrities

Carlo Rubbia

Italian physicist and inventor discovered W and Z particles at CERN.Nobel 1984.

Antonino Zichichi

Italian physicist, worked in the field of nuclear.

Lifestyle

Miniskirt

Music

Language Policy

Miniskirt

At the end of 19th the feminist movements contested the long skirts because uncorfortable and during the first World War spread the use of trousers. At the end of War the skirts shortned and spread thanks to stylists.

Miniskirt

In Italy the miniskirt spread in 1966 but it was’nt appreciated by public opinion and girls wore at parties only.The miniskirts shorter and shorter became the symbol of female sexual freedom.In the ‘70s the miniskirt meant woman-object.

Later 1979-85 the shorts fashion in jeans took the place

Miniskirt

“Valentino” the great italian stylist presents his models.

Music

The Hippy culture was in its origin a young movement started in the United States in the '60s and spread all over the world.

MusicThe word hippy comes from Hipster – Beatnik – Hippy – Children’s Flowers.Their ideals were “PEACE and FREEDOM” and the slogan “Put flowers in your guns” meant “LOVE not WAR”.

“Put flowers in your gunsbecause we never want in the skymolecules sickbut musical notesforming agreementsa ballad for peace,peace, peace..“

MusicIn 1965 the Beatles perform in Milan, Genoa, Tourin.

Let it be, let it be. YeahThere will be an answer, let it be

MusicA musical festival of Italian songs. The singers present original songs for the first time. It started in 1951 in the beautiful town of Sanremo.

The first winner was a woman:Nilla Pizzi

Grazie dei fioriGrazie dei fioriGrazie tutti gli altri li ho riconosciutiMi han fatto male eppure li ho graditi.

Papaveri e papere“Lo sai che i papaveri son alti, alti, altie tu sei piccolina, e tu sei piccolina,lo sai che i papaveri son alti, alti, alti,sei nata peperina, che cosa ci vuoi far…”

Music

Domenico Modugno His first song “Volare”.

Adriano Celentano

His famous song “Azzurro”.

Music

Riccardo Cocciante

a famous song “Margherita” and the first Musical “Notre Dame de Paris”.

Music

A famous singer from Basilicata: Arisa with her song “Sincerità”.

Music

“Il Teatro alla Scala” of Milan is among the most famous in the world. Here have sung the most important lyrical singers of the world.

Music“Cavalleria rusticana” is an opera in one act played in 1926 at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan by Pietro Mascagni.

Music

Turandot“...Dilegua, o notte!... Tramontate, stelle!...All'alba vincerò!... Vincerò!... Vincerò!..”

MusicThe most important lyrical singers:

Maria Callas Luciano Pavarotti

Music

Carla Fracci, one of the best classical dancers in the world.

MusicThe Royal Teatro San Carlo, best known as the Teatro San Carlo, is the theatre of Naples. It was founded by Charles of Bourbon in 1737 and it is the oldest theatre still active of European opera. It has been recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.

First Stendhal then Burney say, “it is a splendour too dazzling to eyes”.

Music

Eduardo De Filippo famous italian actor playwriter, film and theatre director.

Natale in casa Cupiello

Language Policy

First political parties

Language Policy

Total confusion!!!

Art

Art

Cinema

Art“900” Universal Dinamism

Simultaneous visions

Umberto Boccioni

Art“900” Universal Dinamism

Lucio Fontana

Objects that superimpose

Exaltation of sleepness and running as cars

Art“900” Universal Dinamism

Colour contrasts

Giorgio Morandi Piero Manzoni

Art“900” Universal Dinamism

Futurist visions, scientific, technological progress

Giacomo Balla

Art“900” Universal Dinamism

Progress exaltation aggressive movement

Metaphysics

Giacomo Balla

Giorgio De Chirico

Art“900” Universal Dinamism

Cubism

Amedeo Modigliani

Art“900” Universal Dinamism

Renzo Piano is an important Italian architect known internationally.

Paul Klee Centre – Switzerland

Biosfera - Genova

Centre Pompidou - Paris

CinemaItalian cinema started few months after the first showing of Lumiere brothers in 1896. It organised as industry in Tourin, Rome, Naples and Venice. Between 1810 and 1814 it was important in all over the world. During the fascist policy a fix structures was built and Mussolini inaugurated Cinecittà that was like Hollywood.

CinemaAt the end of the Second World War a moviment of art-culture developed in the name of Neorealism.The aim was do show the real social situation of the country .The main producers were:

Vittorio De Sicawith “Ladri di bicicletta”

Cinema

Roberto Rossellini

CinemaFederico Fellini

with “La dolce vita”

Anita Ekberg bathing in the Fontana di Trevi, Roma

Cinema

prince Antonio de Curtis, in art Totò

with “Totò, Peppino e la malafemmina”

In the ‘60 Italy was the strongest centre of production in Europe.Most important comic player was Totò with about 100 films.

CinemaSofia Loren

in the film “La Ciociara”

at the Oscar

CinemaOther famous italian actor is Alberto Sordi.

Alberto Sordiwith “Un americano a Roma”

CinemaEnormous success was the “Italian western” produced bySergio Leone

Clint Eastwoodwith “Per un pugno di dollari”

CinemaLuchino Visconti produced:

the “Gattopardo”

and

CinemaPasolini, writer player and director produced “Vangelo Secondo Matteo” set in Matera (Basilicata)

Also Mel Gibson set his film “The Passion” in Matera (Basilicata).

CinemaLina Wertmuller director of “I Basilischi”

Rocco Papaleo set “Basilicata Coast to Coast”

CinemaRoberto Benigni won two Oscars thanks to his work

“La vita è bella”

ItalyModern Society

V E and IV Bs Liceo Scientifico Statale “Galileo Galilei” Potenza, Italy a.s. 2010/11

Headmaster: Dr. Camilla M. Schiavo

Teachers: Grazia Allegretti, Donata Biondo, Maria Titti Lotito, De Carlo Giuseppe

Images, sounds and texts have been made in the school labs by the team.

Images, sounds and videos which are under copyright have been used only for didactic purposes and we are disposed to remove them immediately if requested.

Students VE: Agoglia Aurora, Bolognese Valentina, Caponigro Margherita, D’Aquino Francesco, Garramone Michele, Ginefra Natascia, Giordano Margherita, Gruosso Monica, Lacerenza Gianna, Locaspi Marialetizia, Mollica Aurora, Nolè Margherita, Parrella Mariangela, Pica Antonio Manfredi, Pietrafesa Vita Alba, Potenza Teresa, Prete Michela, Rubino Erminia Gaia, Santomauro Antonella, Scarfiello Donatello

Students IVBs: Damiano Antonio, Fiore Giusy, Monaco Carmen, Rossi Simone

In order to plan, organize and make possible this research we thank a lot the following team: