models of communication

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

Anne Francis B. VillegasFatima Trisha P. VelascoBSND-3

DEFINITION

refers to the conceptual model used to explain the human communication process.

TRANSMISSION MODEL OR STANDARD VIEW OF COMMUNICATION, 1949

first major model for communication Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver ‘linear model of communication’

Receiver Sender

channel

STRENGTHS  ELEMENTS

Simplicity

Generality

Quantifiability. 

Information source

 Transmitter Channel Receiver Destination

THREE LEVELS OF PROBLEMS FOR COMMUNICATION

The technical problem: how accurately can the message be transmitted?

The semantic problem: how precisely is the meaning 'conveyed'?

The effectiveness problem: how effectively does the received meaning affect behavior?

DANIEL CHANDLER CRITIQUES THE TRANSMISSION MODEL BY STATING:

It assumes communicators are isolated individuals.

No allowance for differing purposes. No allowance for differing

interpretations. No allowance for unequal power

relations. No allowance for situational contexts

SENDER-MESSAGE-CHANNEL-RECEIVER MODEL OF COMMUNICATION, 1960

SMCR Model of Communication David Berlo separated the model into clear parts

and has been expanded upon by other scholars.

MAJOR DIMENSIONS:

Message source /emisor

/sender / encoder  Form Channel destination / receiver /

target / decoder

We should examine the IMPACT that the message has (both desired and undesired) on the target of the message. (Wilbur Schram,1954)

THREE LEVELS OF SEMIOTIC RULES

Syntactic Pragmatic Semantic

TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION, (2008)

Barnlund Individuals are simultaneously

engaging in the sending and receiving of messages

CONSTITUTIVE MODEL OR CONSTRUCTIONIST VIEW

Second attitude of communication Focuses on how an individual

communicates as the determining factor of the way the message will be interpreted

Communication is viewed as a conduit

SPEECH ACT

an act that a speaker performs when making an utterance, including the following:

A general act (illocutionary act) that a speaker performs, analyzable as including the uttering of words (utterance acts) making reference and predicating (propositional

acts), and a particular intention in making the utterance

(illocutionary force)`

An act involved in the illocutionary act, including utterance acts and propositional acts

The production of a particular effect in the addressee (perlocutionary act)

ENCODE-TRANSMIT-RECEIVE-DECODE MODEL

processes of encoding and decoding imply that the sender and receiver each possess something that functions as a codebook, and that these two code books are, at the very least, similar if not identical. Although something like code books is implied by the model, they are nowhere represented in the model, which creates many conceptual difficulties.

THEORIES OF COREGULATION

Communication is creative and dynamic continuous process, rather than a discrete exchange of information

People use different types of media to communicate and which one they choose to use will offer different possibilities for the shape and durability of society.

PSYCHOLOGY OF COMMUNICATION Bernard Luskin, UCLA, 1970, advanced

computer assisted instruction and began to connect media and psychology into what is now the field of media psychology. In 1998, the American Association of Psychology, Media Psychology Division 46 Task Force report on psychology and new technologies combined media and communication as pictures, graphics and sound increasingly dominate modern communication