missing plane disasters – 2014 part-2 mitigation through adding - accountability, visibility &...
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Missing Plane Disasters – 2014part-2
Mitigation through adding - Accountability, Visibility &
Responsibility
SYSM 6309 Advanced Requirements Engineering
Faizal A. Khader
Disclaimer : These are my personal views presented for the sake of course term paper.
Lowest
Highest
Recap 2014
To-be - Mitigation Approaches – Pertaining to each Incidents
• Tamper resistant location transmitters
• Backup ACARS transmission, and Inmarsat subscription not optional
• Low-frequency underwater beacons
• Beacons (in Blackbox)longer lasting batteries
• No inflammable cargo allowed
• Prevent pilot suicide, ‘OR’ Award noble decisions
• Pilots will not be solely in-charge of the plane
• Coordinated decisions with ground control
• Outside and inside video recorders activated on communication loss
• Cockpit always occupied with two people
• Lateral federated information sharing between airlines
• Sensors to detect missile locks on planes flying over dangerous war torn terrains
• Air traffic will not authorize short cut flight paths
• Encrypted flight location transmissions
• Improved weather simulations from real-time data – Microsoft
• Airports augment simulated weather models with internet of flying things
• Machine learning and data mining techniques to boosts human expertise at decision making
• Vehicle integrated prognostic reasoner
• Mandatory hand flying experience is needed for pilots
• Implementation of Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast
• Investigation showed plane ascending to 37,400ft within 30 seconds, then dipping back to 32,000ft.
• The process took about three minutes.
Co-pilot at helm then
• Process in place for speedy approvals in ATC including immediate escalations for route changes requested for weather pocket diversions.
• Strict emphasis on flying by wire, with ground control responsible for key decisions.
• Deployable recorders that jettison upon impact, float, and transmit their position to satellites world-wide.
• Satellite asset tracking devices
Source : http://www.incose.org/
Worldwide Aviation Systems Domain
Commercial Aircraft Systems Domain
Source : http://www.incose.org/
Stakeholders Passengers
Customers
Family
Airlines
Airports
ATC
Cargo Handling
Equipment Manufacturers
Equipment – Electronic and mechanical
Engine
Society
Noise and pollution
Economic growth
Accident victims
Commercial Air Transport– WRSPM reference model
D – Domain PropertiesR - Requirements
C-ComputerP -Program
S-Specification
• Beacons• Communication
Devices• Sensors
• Engine and electronics
• ATC• Cargo• Airport
• Weather
• Piloting• Cockpit
• Flight path• Pilots• Crew
• Communication• Automation
• Plane Manufacturers
• Insufficient collaborations considered between domain and system
S, D ≠ R
• Most problems can be traced to erroneous assumptions about the environment
Class Diagram – Mitigation approaches
CommunicationDevices
+MakeACARsMandatory()+CheckTransmitterSecurity()+OnDemandVideoRecorders()+TransmittersInternetSatelliteCapable()
Beacons
+ImplementLowFrequencyTransmitters()+LongBatteryLife()+DeployableRecorders()
Cargo
+CargoCheckForInflammables()
Cockpit
+CheckTwoPeopleAvailability()
Mitigating CommercialAircraft Disasters
+Transmitters+Beacons+Pilots+Cargo+Piloting+Sensors+Passengers+EngineAndOtherElectronics+OtherCrew
+OperationsForMitigation()
ATC
+FlyByWire()+IntegratedDecisionmaking()+InformationSharing()+QuickFlightPlanApprovalWorkflow()+IntelligentFlightPaths()
Sensors
+AntiAircraftMissileDetection()+ImplementSatelliteAssetTracking()
Airport
+RealtimeWeatherDataSimulations()+WeatherDetectionInternetOfFlyingThings()
PlaneManufacturers
+IntelligentAutoPilots()+VehicleIntegratedPrognosticReasoner()+ImplementAutomaticDependentSurveillanceBroadcast()+TighterControlledAutomation()+BetterFireSafetyAndFailSafes()
Pilots
+ContinuousHandFlyingTraining()
Accountability Visibility Responbility
Accountability Visibility ResponbilityAccountability Visibility Responbility
Accountability Visibility Responbility
Accountability Visibility Responbility
Accountability Visibility Responbility
Accountability Visibility Responbility
Accountability Visibility Responbility
Accountability Visibility Responbility
Analysis of the problem – Problem Interdependency Graph
Plane CrashedPlane Lost Pilot Suicide Bad Piloting
No ACARsFaulty Transmitters Lack of video recorders
Bad radio transmission protocolPoor battery life
Beacons lost in sea
Missied radio tranmissions
Pilot going out of cockpit Lithium batteries [InflammableCargo]
Missle lock [War Terrain]Bad asset tracking
Lost CommunicationLost track of the plane Hit by a missilePlane hijacked Pilot crashing the plane
Lost in sea after crashWeather Calamities
Depression Plane stalls
Safety [Commercial Flights]
_ _
_ _
_ _ _ _
++ ++++++ ++
++
++ ++
Fire
++
++++++
++++
++
++ ++
++
++
++++
Lack of hand flying skills
++
Lacks Reasoning Systems
++
Dumb Autopilot
Missing VIPR
++
++
Missing ADSB
++
Unsafe Communications
++
Immature Flight Path
Slow Approvals
++++
Mitigation Approaches - Soft goals Interdependency Graph
Mitigation Approaches [CommercialFlights]
AccountabilityResponsibility
Visibility
Pilot Training
Improvised Manufacturing -Accountable
Responsible Airports
Higher Sensor TechnologiesMaintain Cargo Saftey
Cockpit Safety
Better Recovery Options
Technology Rich Communication
Intelligent Autopilots
Vehicle I ntegrated PrognosticReasoner Automatic Dependent Surveillance
Broadcast
Lateral federated informationsharing
Missile Lock Detection
Fully Vetted Flight Path
Encrypted Location Tarnsmission
Improved Weather Simulation- Real Time Data
Hand Flying Training
++
++
++
++++
++
++
++
Workflow - Speedy Approval- Flight Plans
Fly by Wire
Deployable recorders
Satellite asset tracking devices
Logner battery life - Beacons
Low frequency transmitters
Policy Enforcement - I nflight
Weather Simulation - I nternetof flying things
++
++++
++
++
++
++
++
++
++ ++
++
++
++++
++
++No Inflammable Products Allowed
++
++
Traceability
Plane CrashedPlane Lost Pilot Suicide Bad Piloting
No ACARsFaulty Transmitters Lack of video recorders
Bad radio transmission protocolPoor battery life
Beacons lost in sea
Missied radio tranmissions
Pilot going out of cockpit Lithium batteries [InflammableCargo]
Missle lock [War Terrain]Bad asset tracking
Lost CommunicationLost track of the plane Hit by a missilePlane hijacked Pilot crashing the plane
Lost in sea after crashWeather Calamities
Depression Plane stalls
Safety [Commercial Flights]
_ _
_ _
_ _ _ _
++ ++++++ ++
++
++ ++
Fire
++
++++++
++ ++
++
++ ++
++++
++++
Lack of hand flying skills
++
Lacks Reasoning Systems
++
Dumb Autopilot
Missing VIPR
++
++
Missing ADSB
++
Unsafe Communications
++
Immature Flight Path
Slow Approvals
++++
Mitigation Approaches [CommercialFlights]
AccountabilityResponsibility
Visibility
Pilot Training
Improvised Manufacturing -Accountable
Responsible Airports
Higher Sensor Technologies
Maintain Cargo Saftey
Cockpit Safety
Better Recovery Options
Technology Rich Communication
Intelligent Autopilots
Vehicle I ntegrated PrognosticReasoner
Automatic Dependent SurveillanceBroadcast
Lateral federated informationsharing
Missile Lock Detection
Fully Vetted Flight Path
Encrypted Location Tarnsmission
Improved Weather Simulation- Real Time Data
Hand Flying Training
++
++
++
++
++
++
++
++
Workflow - Speedy Approval- Flight Plans
Fly by Wire
Deployable recorders
Satellite asset tracking devices
Logner battery life - Beacons
Low frequency transmitters Policy Enforcement - I nflight
Weather Simulation - I nternetof flying things
++++
++++
++ ++
++
++
++
++
++
++++
++
++
++++
No Inflammable Products Allowed
++
++
_ __ _
_ _
_ __ _ _ _
_ _
_ __ _
_ _
_ _
_ __ _ _ _
_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _
_ _
• Why is it so difficult in this age to detect the whereabouts of a plane
Technological improvements possible – improved beacons and transmitters
• Why can't we do a better job at weather predictions for a plane
Improved weather simulations from real-time data and internet of flying things
• Why should a plane take off knowing a bad weather prediction in the sky
Internet of flying things will be the solution here.• Why can't planes flying over dangerous terrain detect its
surroundings better Sensors to detect radar locks
• Why are we (ATC) not able to see what is happening inside the plane, and outside the plane
Automated video recorders will get activated• Why do we need to rely on a pilot and co-pilot, being
responsible for the lives of many ATC will not be traffic clerks, but instead will need to be
treated as mission control• Why is piloting a plane not taken seriously anymore
Regular manual flying drills made mandatory
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