miss. mona al-kahtani. why do we test the oral ability? because we want to measure the development...

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

Why do we test the oral ability?

because we want to measure the

development of the spoken language

and the ability to interact

successfully.

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

have representative sample of the tasks that

we expect the students to perform.

those task should elicit valid samples of

behavior that truly represent their abilities.

these samples can and will be scored validly

and reliably.

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

Specify all possible content.

It should be found in the test

specification.

Include a representative sample

of the specified content.

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

Choose appropriate techniques.(A list of the appropriate techniques

will be discusses later)

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

Answer Q.1

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

Plan and structure the testing carefully.

1- Make the test as long as possible.

2- Plan the test carefully.

3- Give the students as many ‘fresh

starts’ as possible.

(more than one format, more than one

tester, separate items)Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

4- Use a second tester for interviews.

5- Set the tasks and ideas that is

appropriate for their level. They

should not cause the students any

difficulties.

6- Conduct the exam in a quiet room.Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

7- Put students at their ease.

(pleasant, reassuring, avoid reminding them they are being tested, don’t make obvious notes, transition between topics should be natural as much as possible)

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

8- Collect enough relevant

information about the students.

9- Do not talk too much.

10- Train the instructors.

(they should be sympathetic, flexible,

have good command of the language)

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

Oral ability can be scored either;

holistically or analytically.

It is advisable to use the analytical

method because not all the teachers

are well-trained to evaluated the

spoken language. Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

Holistic scoring.

For example;

in ALIGU test, speaking is being scored according to comprehension, pronunciation, grammar and word order, vocabulary, and general speed of speech. Each area is weighted equally.

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

Points Description

5 pts. Use English with few (if any) noticeable errors of grammar and word order.

4 pts. Use ‘good English’, but with occasional grammatical or word order errors which do not, however, affect the meaning.

3 pts Meanings occasionally influenced by grammatical and or word order.Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

2 pts. Grammatical usage and word order definitely unsatisfactory. Frequent need to rephrase construction and/or restricts himself/herself to basic structural patterns.

1 pt. Errors of grammar and word order make comprehension quite difficult.

0 pt. Speech is full of grammatical and word order errors as to be virtually unintelligible to the ‘man in the street’.Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

Analytical (Objective) scoring.Take off points for grammatical,

pronunciation, vocabulary errors, lack of fluency, and appropriateness.

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

Most common technique used.

Drawbacks????

The relationship between the tester and the students. ????

tests one style of speech.

However, we can get around this last problem by using different techniques.

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

A) Questions and request for information.

yes/no questions should be avoided, except at the beginning.

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

We can use the following types of questions;

1- Request for elaboration.

2- appearing not to understand.

3-invitation to ask questions.

4- interruption.

5- abrupt change of topics.(check the examples on page 119)

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

B) Pictures.

C) Role play

D) Interpreting

E) Prepared monologue

(presentation)

(check the examples on page 120)Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

Advantages: Elicit language that is appropriate to

exchange between equals.They will feel more confident.Disadvantages: The performance of one might affect

the performance of the other one.Some candidate might dominate and

don’t allow the other one to express themselves.

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

A) Discussion

B) Role play

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

All candidates should be

presented with the same audio-

video recorded stimuli, and the

candidates themselves response

into microphones. this format is called “semi-direct”.

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

Disadvantages:

It can not be administered if language

laboratories are not available.

It is inflexible because the students’

performance can not be traced.

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

A) Describe / comment on

situations.

B) Simulated conversation

C) Picture

(Check examples on page 122)

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani

Miss. Mona AL-Kahtani