methanol as marine fuel - sintef.no · viscosity cst at 20°c ~ 0,6 ~ 13,5 octane ron/mon 109/89 -...
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METHANOL AS MARINE FUEL2015 CIMAC NORWAY28 JANUARY 2015, OSLO
Lennart Haraldson, Fuel Flexibility SP 4-stroke / R&D
Day Month Year Presentation name / Author1
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Methanol is used as a fuel already today
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Methanol is used as a fuel already today
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Historic development of Methanol as motor fuel
Alcohols were actually tried in engines in the early days by both Otto as well as Diesel............
The development of the market for methanol as a motor fuel worldwide started with the shortage of motor fuels during the First World War.
Likewise, the use of methanol has received attention primarily during periods when shortage of conventional fuels have been on the agenda.
Two such periods besides First World War were the second War and first oilcrisis during the 70´s.
The current only major market for methanol as motor fuel is China
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Methanol as fuel compared to LFO
Day Month Year Presentation name / Author5
Fuel Methanol Diesel
Density (kg/l) 0.79 0,85
Boiling point (°C) 65 150-370
Flash point (°C) 11 min. 60
Auto ignition (°C) 464 240
Viscosity cSt at 20°C ~ 0,6 ~ 13,5
Octane RON/MON 109/89 -
Cetane No. 3 45-55
LHV (MJ/kg) 20 42
LHV (MJ/l) 16 36
Flammability Limits, Vol% 7-36 1-6
Flame Speed (cm/s) 52 37
Heat of Evaporation (kJ/kg) 1178 233
Stoichiometric Air-Fuel Ratio 6,4 14,7
Adiabatic flame temp. (°C) 1910 2100
MeOH
Top 3 Safety Aspects•”invisible flame”• Corrosive• Toxic
Performance Aspect• LHV less than half of LFO• Heat of Evaporation
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Possible Methanol Concepts for IC Engines
Surface Ignition
Fumigation
Mixing Concept (Emulsion)
Ignition Improvers
Pilot fuel assisted Diesel CombustionPremixed Combustion with Spark Plugor Pilot Fuel Ignition
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Conclusions from using methanol in the diesel process
Sources: SAE 902160 paper, EPA-460/3-023 August 1981
Engine output and efficiency equal to the diesel engineSignificant reduced NOx and PM compared to diesel Life time of major components will be similar or better than the diesel engine No change in oil change intervals are expected
Caterpillar - Glow Plug Volvo - Diesel Pilot ignition
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Wärtsilä Methanol-Diesel retrofit solution
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Methanol-Diesel test engine at VTT, Wärtsilä Vasa 4L32LNGD
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Tests on Methanol – Initial testing of Wärtsilä MD concept
Optimal heat release Lower Exhaust Temperatre
Reduced NOx Same efficiency as diesel
CO, THC acceptable ( < 1 g/kWh)Formaldehyde emissions low ~ much below TA-luftNo Formic acid detected in exhaust gases
Engine: Wärtsilä Vasa 32
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Methanol-Diesel Test Engine in Trieste - Sulzer Z40S-MD
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Laboratory set-up
The drawing below shows the set-up of the laboratory engine standing in Trieste.The high pressure methanol pump as well as the Oil unit are placed in a separate room for increased safety during the coming tests.
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On-engine scope is limited to exchange of cylinder heads,fuel injectors and fuel plungers in existing fuel pumps
A common rail system for methanol injection will be addedon the engine
In addition to the Engine related conversion includes the conversion kit a stand-alone high pressure methanol pumpwith belonging oil unit for supply of sealing oil and control oilto the fuel - beside an update of the automation system.injectors.
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Wärtsilä Methanol-Diesel retrofit solution
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Engine piping
14 Wärtsilä
The additional piping on the engine allows not only supply of methanol to the cylinders, but also oil to seal the high pressure methanol injector as well as controlling opening/closing of the injector.
Methanol high pressure piping are designed as purge able double walled piping for maximum safety.
MethanolSealing oilControl oilMethanol return
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On engine modifications
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Injector Integration in Cylinder Head
MeOH inlet
Diesel inlet
The modified cylinder heads allow Methanol supply just above the inlet of the Diesel supply.
Exhaust valves are modified to resist excess wear since the exhaust gases combustion methanol consist less lubricating particulates.
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Tests on Methanol – Recent testing of Wärtsilä Sulzer Z40S-MD
Repeated tests on Sulzer Z40S-MD show same trends as the pre-tests on Wärtilä Vasa 32:
Reduced NOx / PMReduced exhaust temperature Same (or better) efficiency
Tier III 2,6 g/kWh
Tier II 10,5 g/kWh
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ZA40-MD Sum-Up
Methanol-Diesel MD engine
• Methanol is burnt according to diesel process
• Methanol is injected close to TDC and ignited by a small amount of diesel pilot fuel
Pros Cons
+ no knocking (diesel combustion)
+ no power reduction
+ good load acceptance
+ cost effective adaption
+ low THC, CO (and formaldehyde) levels
+ good back-up fuel performance
- NOx higher than for DF concept- NOx depends on pilot fuel for ignition
• High pressure Methanol injection - 600bar
• Three needles for Methanol injection
• 1 needle for standard & pilot diesel injection
to ignite the methanol
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EU (TEN-T) funded ‘Spirit’ project
Explore a technology enabling methanol conversionsTotal project budget ~ 22 million €Project time fame 2013 to end 2015Partners: Stena AB, Stena Oil, Wärtsilä,
Port of Kiel, Port of Gothenburg
Day Month Year Presentation name / Author19
Stena Germanica Project - Background
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Methanol Project - Stena Germanica
• Stena Germanica going to shipyard Feb 2015:bunkering, tanks, pump room, pumps, piping, automation upgrade to be donewhile in shipyard
• One engine will be converted while in shipyard Feb/Mar 2015 , rest three in May/June/July 2015
TODAY
CONVERSION KIT ORDERED
DESIGN FREEZE
6ZAL40S FAT TRIESTE
HAZOP2 LLOYDS
START OF CONVERSION WORKS
UNIC C3 CONVERSION
ME 1 METHANOL CONVERSION
UNIC COMISSIONING
START UP OF ME 1 / SAT
CONVERSION OF ME2
START UP OF ME 2 / SAT
CONVERSION OF ME3
START UP OF ME3 / SAT
CONVERSION OF ME4
START UP OF ME4 / SAT / COMISSIONING CERTIFICATE
FIELD TEST FOLLOW-UP
PROJECT END
09.2014 10.2014 11.2014 12.2014 01.2015 02.2015 03.2015 04.2015 05.2015 06.2015 07.2015 08.2015 09.2015 10.2015 11.2015 12.2015
29 September 2014 Methanol - The Marine Fuel of the Future20
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Stena Germanica – Conversion Scope
Transfer pump roomPump room
Engines converted for methanol combustion
Double walledfuel pipes Ballast tank converted
to methanol fuel tank
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Fuel availability: Methanol Infrastructure Advantage
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Methanol Potential - what is missing ?
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Thank You
Lennart Haraldson+46 705 793739lennart.haraldson@wartsila.comwww.wartsila.com
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