metalism tracker breezing - educational

Breezing   Co.,  Tempe,   Arizonawww.breezing.co1

The  Motivation

www.breezing.co

• People  spend  ~$600  billion  per  year,  yet  most  are  frustrated  with  the  results• Most  people  know  weight  management   requires  balanced  diet  and  exercise.

• 2.1  billion  people,  30%  of  the  world  population,   were  overweight  or  obese  in  2013  

2  out  3  Americans  are  overweight  or  Obese

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The  Problem

How  much  should   I  eat?

How  much  should   I  exercise?

www.breezing.co

Why  is  my  weight  is  like  yo-­‐yo?

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~  80% ~ 10  % < 10  %  (sedentary)

Total  energy  expenditure  (TEE)

= -­‐

Weight Caloric  Intake+ +

Resting  (REE) Thermogenesis Physical   Activity

Affordable  &  Mobile  Technologies

Affordable  &  Mobile  Technologies

The  need  ….

www.breezing.co 4

(sedentary)

History  of  Measuring  Energy  Expenditure

1770’s

Law  of  the  conservation  of  energy  àFirst  Human  Calorimetry

Lavoisier  &  Laplace

Other  Direct  Calorimetry  Efforts:Airflow,  water  flow,  water  storage,  and  gradient  layer  calorimeter

1900’s  

Claude  Douglas:Gold  Standard  Indirect  Calorimetry  Method

CO2

O2

+Analyzers

1890’s  

Atwater  &  Rosa

Wesleyan  Univ.:  First  important  work  of  Direct  Calorimetry

+Analyzers

1940  

Indirect  Calorimetry:Open  circuit  spirometry

CO2O2

Indirect  calorimetry:Computer-­based  Instrumentation(Breath-­by-­breath)

1980 2000         2010

Portable  Breath-­by-­Breath  Instrumentation

CO2O2

2014

$(10-­‐35)K5

$350

www.breezing.co

First  Mobile  Metabolism  Tracker

~  80% ~ 10  % < 10  %  (sedentary)

Total  energy  expenditure  (TEE)

= -­‐

Weight Caloric  Intake+ +

Resting  (REE) Thermogenesis Physical   Activity

Affordable  &  Mobile  Technologies

Affordable  &  Mobile  Technologies

The  need  ….

www.breezing.co 6

(sedentary)

Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

Food  +Oxygen

Carbon  Dioxide +  ATP  (heat),  storage

O2 CO2

Resting  Metabolism:✓ Sustains   life✓Majority  of  our  daily  total  energy  expenditure

• VO2consumed  oxygen  rate  

• VCO2produced  carbon  dioxide  rate

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How  does  it  work?• Indirect  calorimetry  (Breezing  measures  consumed  oxygen  rate  and  produced  carbon  dioxide  rate)•Recommended  by  AND,  WHO,  ACSM,  ADAwww.breezing.co

Energy  management:  Cardio-­‐Pulmonary  System

• VO2consumed  oxygen  rate  

• VCO2produced  carbon  dioxide  rate

Right  Side  of  Heart

Lungs

CaO2  -­ CvO2 =  5  mL  O2  per  100  mL

CO2

CO2

CO2 O2

O2 O2

O2

Muscle  andTissues

Left  Side  of  Heart

Energy  (ATP) 8

www.breezing.co

Indirect  Calorimetry  Principle

Weir,  J.  B.  D.  (1949).  "New  Methods  For  Calculating  Metabolic  Rate  With  Special  Reference  To  Protein  Metabolism."  Journal  Of  Physiology-­London  109(1-­2):  1-­9.

Weir,  J.  B.  D.  (1990).  "Nutrition  Metabolism  Classic  -­ New  Methods  For  Calculating  Metabolic-­Rate  With  Special  Reference  To  Protein-­Metabolism."  Nutrition  6(3):  213-­221.

REE  (kCal/day)  =  [3.9  (VO2)  +  1.1  (VCO2)]  x  1.44

VO2:  consumed  oxygen  rate  (mL/min)VCO2:  produced  carbon  dioxide  rate  (mL/min)

Weir  Equation:

Resting  Energy  Expenditure:

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www.breezing.co

Direct  Calorimetry  vs.  Indirect  Calorimetry

Indirect  Heat  Measurement

CO2

O2

Direct  Heat  Measurement

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www.breezing.co

Direct  Calorimetry  vs.  Indirect  Calorimetry

Direct  Heat  Measurement

Indirect  Heat  Measurement

CO2

O2

2717  kCal/day   2723  kCal/day  

1900  -­‐ Atwater  &  Rosa’  research:  Energy  expenditure   of  3  men  who  lived  in  the  calorimeter  for  40  days

Error:  +/-­‐ 0.2  %  

*  Other  researchers’  experiments:  Error  =  +/-­‐ 1%

11Science  demonstrated  that  direct  calorimetry  is  equivalent  to  indirect  calorimetry

OxygenCarbonDioxide Oxygen Carbon

Dioxide

1700  kCal/day 1200  kCal/day

Your  metabolism  =  Your  energy  =  Your  Fire

Why  track  metabolism?

Weight:  112  lbsHeight:  5’  6’’Age:  29  years

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www.breezing.co

Different  people  have  different  metabolisms

ExerciseGenetics  

Diet

Drugs,  substances  

Pregnancy

Informacion  from  Sport  Nutrition  for  Health  and  Performance,  M.  Manore,  N.  Mayer,   J.  Thompson   -­‐ 2009

Hormones

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www.breezing.co

Why  track  metabolism?

Different  factors  can  affect  metabolism

14www.breezing.co

Tracking  Metabolism  for  Better  HealthDietChanges  in  diet  can  significantly  change  metabolism.  For  example,  a  crash  diet  can  cause  drastic  reduction  in  metabolic  rate,  leading  to  a  “weight  loss  plateau”.  See  slides  23-­‐24,  and  “Case  Studies”  Case  #8.

ExerciseExercise  can  affect  metabolism. For  example,  muscle-­‐building  increases  metabolism  and  High  Intensity  Intermittent  Training  (HIIT)  creates  an  “afterburn”  effect.See  slides  27-­‐28,  and  “Case  Studies”  Cases #6  and #7.

Hormones/medicationHormonal  changes  and  medications  can  change  metabolism.  Monitoring  metabolism  helps  screen  for  potential    hyper-­‐ or  hypo-­‐thyroidism.   See  “Case  Studies” Case  #5.

PregnancyMetabolism changes  significantly throughout  pregnancy  and  after  giving  birth.  Tracking  metabolism  helps  the  mother  maintain  and  achieve  the  proper  weight  for  the  baby’s  healthy  growth.  See  “Case  Studies”  Case  #3.

GJODMS,  March,  2015

Tracker  for  Resting  Energy  Expenditure  (REE)  or  Resting  Metabolic  Rate

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GJODMS,  March,  2015

The  Tracker  for  Energy  Expenditure  (EE)  demonstrated  ~100%  accuracy

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Moscow  Hospital  -­‐ 2014

Link  a  video:  hUps://yadi.sk/i/AS_kZZKddY3DA

Other  independent  validations  (case  #1)

www.breezing.co

Professionals in Moscow’s Hospital have probed that Breezing functions at the same level of expensive metabolic carts (100 times more expensive than Breezing)

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Grupo  GAYTA/COINCIDE group,  México  -­‐ 2014

Other  independent  validations  (case  #2)

www.breezing.co

Atlas soccer team’sSports Nutrition

Team(COINCIDE) hasdemonstrated the

importance of measuring

metabolism in Sports Nutrition

Other  independent  validations  (case  #3)

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Comparison  with  Fitmate  (Cosmed)   -­‐ 2014

Difference  between  Breezing  and  Fitmate  of  4  kCal/daywww.breezing.co

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Other  groups/institutions  using  Breezing

British  Columbia

Vincennes

University

www.breezing.co

Importance  of  Metabolism  for  Weight  Management

Resting  Metabolic  Rate  (RMR)  =  “Metabolism”  =  Resting  Energy  Expenditure   (REE)

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www.breezing.co

Food

Total  Energy  Expenditure  (TEE)  =  Calories  burned

CalorieIntake

PA

REE

Physical  Activity

Metabolism  (>75%)

Energy  Balance  and  Weight  Loss    

Food-­‐induced  Thermogenesis

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www.breezing.co

Weigh

tTarget  Weight

1

Weight  maintenance

1 2

Weight    loss1

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REE  Drop  =  No  weight  loss2

Time

3

1-­‐ Seagle,  H.  M.,  G.  W.  Strain,  et  al.  (2009).  "Position   of  the  America  Dietetic   Association:  Weight  Management."  Journal  Of  The  American  Dietetic   Association  109(2):  330-­‐346.

2  -­‐ Elliot,   D.  L.,  L.  Goldberg,   et  al.  (1989).  "SUSTAINED  DEPRESSION  OF  THE  RESTING  METABOLIC-­‐RATE  AFTER  MASSIVE  WEIGHT-­‐LOSS."  American  Journal  Of  Clinical  Nutrition   49(1):  93-­‐96.-­‐ Heshka,  S.,  M.  U.  Yang,  et  al.  (1990).  "WEIGHT-­‐LOSS  AND  CHANGE  IN  RESTING  METABOLIC-­‐RATE."  American  Journal   Of  Clinical  Nutrition   52(6):  981-­‐986.-­‐ Leibel,   R.  L.,  M.  Rosenbaum,  et  al.  (1995).  "CHANGES  IN  ENERGY-­‐EXPENDITURE   RESULTING  FROM  ALTERED  BODY-­‐WEIGHT."  New  England  Journal  of  Medicine  

332(10):  621-­‐628.

Unsustainable  Weight  Loss  Problem

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Metabolism  can  drop  !

www.breezing.co

1

2

Weight  maintenance Weight    loss

Weigh

tTime

Target  Weight

1

2

3’

3’

REE  Increase  =  Weight  loss

Sustainable  Weight  Loss

Monitoring  Resting  Energy  Expenditure

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www.breezing.co

1 2 3 4 5 60

20

40

60

80

100Mean:  85.1%Standard  Deviation:  2.9%

REE  /  TEE  (%)

Subject  (#)Most  of  daily  total  energy  expenditure   (TEE)  is  spent  to  maintain  basic  body   functions(energy  expenditure  at  resting  state,  EER  or  REE)

How  Sedentary  Are  We?Total  Energy  Expenditure*

Resting  Energy  Expenditure  (REE)

Thermogenesis

Physical  Activity

75  %

15  %~10  %

*McArdle,  Katch &  Katch,  Ex.  Physiology,   2009  

1 2 3 4 5 6 70

4

8

12

16

20

24Driving

Bench  Work

Watching  TV

Walking

Office  Work

Sleeping

Daily  Activity  (hs)

Subject  (#)

Leisure

Lab  Work

Work  from  Arizona  State  University,  2013

1 2 3 4 5 60

20

40

60

80

100Mean:  85.1%Standard  Deviation:  2.9%

REE  /  TEE  (%)

Subject  (#)

1 2 3 4 5 6 70

4

8

12

16

20

24Driving

Bench  Work

Watching  TV

Walking

Office  Work

Sleeping

Daily  Activity  (hs)

Subject  (#)

Leisure

Most  of  daily  total  energy  expenditure   (TEE)  is  spent  to  maintain  basic  body   functions(energy  expenditure  at  resting  state,  REE)

How  Sedentary  Are  We?Total  Energy  Expenditure*

Resting  Energy  Expenditure  (REE)

Thermogenesis

Physical  Activity

>  80  %

<  5  %~10  %

*Exercise  Physiology,   McArdle,  Katch &  Katch

15%  à 5%

75%  à >80%

Work  from  Arizona  State  University,  2013

Food

Total  Energy  Expenditure  (TEE)  =  Calories  burned

CalorieIntake

PA

REE

Physical  Activity  

Metabolism  (>75%)

(80-­‐90  %  in  sedentary  persons)

Energy  Balance  – How  we  can  modify  it?

Food-­‐induced  Thermogenesis

27www.breezing.co

Total  Energy  Expenditure  (TEE)

PAREE

Physical  Activity

Metabolism

Food-­‐induced  Thermogenesis

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Metabolism  (RMR)  and  Physical  Activity*

PAREE

Exercise PA

REE

*Speakman et.al.,  Proceeding  of  the  nutrition  society,  2003,  62,  621-­‐634  (Fig.2  reproduction)

TotalEffect  ofSustainedExercise

www.breezing.co

How  we  can  increase  metabolism  and  reverse  sedentary  lifestyles  without  drastically  altering  our  schedules?

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High  Intensity  Intermittent  Training  (HIIT)

Work  from  Arizona  State  University,  2013

www.breezing.co

Jessica and Andrew

Troy, Personal Trainer

Gabriel

Olympic Diver, Mexico

Fang, pregnant mom(episode 1, episode II)

Dr. Sabagh

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