metalism tracker breezing - educational

Breezing Co., Tempe, Arizonawww.breezing.co1

The Motivation

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• People spend ~$600 billion per year, yet most are frustrated with the results• Most people know weight management requires balanced diet and exercise.

• 2.1 billion people, 30% of the world population, were overweight or obese in 2013

2 out 3 Americans are overweight or Obese

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The Problem

How much should I eat?

How much should I exercise?

www.breezing.co

Why is my weight is like yo-‐yo?

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~ 80% ~ 10 % < 10 % (sedentary)

Total energy expenditure (TEE)

= -‐

Weight Caloric Intake+ +

Resting (REE) Thermogenesis Physical Activity

Affordable & Mobile Technologies


The need ….

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(sedentary)

History of Measuring Energy Expenditure

1770’s

Law of the conservation of energy àFirst Human Calorimetry

Lavoisier & Laplace

Other Direct Calorimetry Efforts:Airflow, water flow, water storage, and gradient layer calorimeter

1900’s

Claude Douglas:Gold Standard Indirect Calorimetry Method

CO2

O2

+Analyzers

1890’s

Atwater & Rosa

Wesleyan Univ.: First important work of Direct Calorimetry

+Analyzers

1940

Indirect Calorimetry:Open circuit spirometry

CO2O2

Indirect calorimetry:Computer-based Instrumentation(Breath-by-breath)

1980 2000 2010

Portable Breath-by-Breath Instrumentation

CO2O2

2014

$(10-‐35)K5

$350

www.breezing.co

First Mobile Metabolism Tracker

~ 80% ~ 10 % < 10 % (sedentary)

Total energy expenditure (TEE)

= -‐

Weight Caloric Intake+ +

Resting (REE) Thermogenesis Physical Activity



The need ….

www.breezing.co 6

(sedentary)

Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

Food +Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide + ATP (heat), storage

O2 CO2

Resting Metabolism:✓ Sustains life✓Majority of our daily total energy expenditure

• VO2consumed oxygen rate

• VCO2produced carbon dioxide rate

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How does it work?• Indirect calorimetry (Breezing measures consumed oxygen rate and produced carbon dioxide rate)•Recommended by AND, WHO, ACSM, ADAwww.breezing.co

Energy management: Cardio-‐Pulmonary System

• VO2consumed oxygen rate

• VCO2produced carbon dioxide rate

Right Side of Heart

Lungs

CaO2 - CvO2 = 5 mL O2 per 100 mL

CO2

CO2

CO2 O2

O2 O2

O2

Muscle andTissues

Left Side of Heart

Energy (ATP) 8

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Indirect Calorimetry Principle

Weir, J. B. D. (1949). "New Methods For Calculating Metabolic Rate With Special Reference To Protein Metabolism." Journal Of Physiology-London 109(1-2): 1-9.

Weir, J. B. D. (1990). "Nutrition Metabolism Classic - New Methods For Calculating Metabolic-Rate With Special Reference To Protein-Metabolism." Nutrition 6(3): 213-221.

REE (kCal/day) = [3.9 (VO2) + 1.1 (VCO2)] x 1.44

VO2: consumed oxygen rate (mL/min)VCO2: produced carbon dioxide rate (mL/min)

Weir Equation:

Resting Energy Expenditure:

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Direct Calorimetry vs. Indirect Calorimetry

Indirect Heat Measurement

CO2

O2

Direct Heat Measurement

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www.breezing.co

Direct Calorimetry vs. Indirect Calorimetry

Direct Heat Measurement

Indirect Heat Measurement

CO2

O2

2717 kCal/day 2723 kCal/day

1900 -‐ Atwater & Rosa’ research: Energy expenditure of 3 men who lived in the calorimeter for 40 days

Error: +/-‐ 0.2 %

* Other researchers’ experiments: Error = +/-‐ 1%

11Science demonstrated that direct calorimetry is equivalent to indirect calorimetry

OxygenCarbonDioxide Oxygen Carbon

Dioxide

1700 kCal/day 1200 kCal/day

Your metabolism = Your energy = Your Fire

Why track metabolism?

Weight: 112 lbsHeight: 5’ 6’’Age: 29 years

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www.breezing.co

Different people have different metabolisms

ExerciseGenetics

Diet

Drugs, substances

Pregnancy

Informacion from Sport Nutrition for Health and Performance, M. Manore, N. Mayer, J. Thompson -‐ 2009

Hormones

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www.breezing.co

Why track metabolism?

Different factors can affect metabolism

14www.breezing.co

Tracking Metabolism for Better HealthDietChanges in diet can significantly change metabolism. For example, a crash diet can cause drastic reduction in metabolic rate, leading to a “weight loss plateau”. See slides 23-‐24, and “Case Studies” Case #8.

ExerciseExercise can affect metabolism. For example, muscle-‐building increases metabolism and High Intensity Intermittent Training (HIIT) creates an “afterburn” effect.See slides 27-‐28, and “Case Studies” Cases #6 and #7.

Hormones/medicationHormonal changes and medications can change metabolism. Monitoring metabolism helps screen for potential hyper-‐ or hypo-‐thyroidism. See “Case Studies” Case #5.

PregnancyMetabolism changes significantly throughout pregnancy and after giving birth. Tracking metabolism helps the mother maintain and achieve the proper weight for the baby’s healthy growth. See “Case Studies” Case #3.

GJODMS, March, 2015

Tracker for Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) or Resting Metabolic Rate

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GJODMS, March, 2015

The Tracker for Energy Expenditure (EE) demonstrated ~100% accuracy

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Moscow Hospital -‐ 2014

Link a video: hUps://yadi.sk/i/AS_kZZKddY3DA

Other independent validations (case #1)

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Professionals in Moscow’s Hospital have probed that Breezing functions at the same level of expensive metabolic carts (100 times more expensive than Breezing)

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Grupo GAYTA/COINCIDE group, México -‐ 2014


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Atlas soccer team’sSports Nutrition

Team(COINCIDE) hasdemonstrated the

importance of measuring

metabolism in Sports Nutrition


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Comparison with Fitmate (Cosmed) -‐ 2014

Difference between Breezing and Fitmate of 4 kCal/daywww.breezing.co

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Other groups/institutions using Breezing

British Columbia

Vincennes

University

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Importance of Metabolism for Weight Management

Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) = “Metabolism” = Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)

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www.breezing.co

Food

Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) = Calories burned

CalorieIntake

PA

REE

Physical Activity

Metabolism (>75%)

Energy Balance and Weight Loss

Food-‐induced Thermogenesis

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www.breezing.co

Weigh

tTarget Weight

1

Weight maintenance

1 2

Weight loss1

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REE Drop = No weight loss2

Time

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1-‐ Seagle, H. M., G. W. Strain, et al. (2009). "Position of the America Dietetic Association: Weight Management." Journal Of The American Dietetic Association 109(2): 330-‐346.

2 -‐ Elliot, D. L., L. Goldberg, et al. (1989). "SUSTAINED DEPRESSION OF THE RESTING METABOLIC-‐RATE AFTER MASSIVE WEIGHT-‐LOSS." American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition 49(1): 93-‐96.-‐ Heshka, S., M. U. Yang, et al. (1990). "WEIGHT-‐LOSS AND CHANGE IN RESTING METABOLIC-‐RATE." American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition 52(6): 981-‐986.-‐ Leibel, R. L., M. Rosenbaum, et al. (1995). "CHANGES IN ENERGY-‐EXPENDITURE RESULTING FROM ALTERED BODY-‐WEIGHT." New England Journal of Medicine

332(10): 621-‐628.

Unsustainable Weight Loss Problem

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Metabolism can drop !

www.breezing.co

1

2

Weight maintenance Weight loss

Weigh

tTime

Target Weight

1

2

3’

3’

REE Increase = Weight loss

Sustainable Weight Loss

Monitoring Resting Energy Expenditure

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www.breezing.co

1 2 3 4 5 60

20

40

60

80

100Mean: 85.1%Standard Deviation: 2.9%

REE / TEE (%)

Subject (#)Most of daily total energy expenditure (TEE) is spent to maintain basic body functions(energy expenditure at resting state, EER or REE)

How Sedentary Are We?Total Energy Expenditure*

Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)

Thermogenesis

Physical Activity

75 %

15 %~10 %

*McArdle, Katch & Katch, Ex. Physiology, 2009

1 2 3 4 5 6 70

4

8

12

16

20

24Driving

Bench Work

Watching TV

Walking

Office Work

Sleeping

Daily Activity (hs)

Subject (#)

Leisure

Lab Work

Work from Arizona State University, 2013

1 2 3 4 5 60

20

40

60

80

100Mean: 85.1%Standard Deviation: 2.9%

REE / TEE (%)

Subject (#)

1 2 3 4 5 6 70

4

8

12

16

20

24Driving

Bench Work

Watching TV

Walking

Office Work

Sleeping

Daily Activity (hs)

Subject (#)

Leisure

Most of daily total energy expenditure (TEE) is spent to maintain basic body functions(energy expenditure at resting state, REE)

How Sedentary Are We?Total Energy Expenditure*

Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)

Thermogenesis

Physical Activity

> 80 %

< 5 %~10 %

*Exercise Physiology, McArdle, Katch & Katch

15% à 5%

75% à >80%


Food

Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) = Calories burned

CalorieIntake

PA

REE

Physical Activity

Metabolism (>75%)

(80-‐90 % in sedentary persons)

Energy Balance – How we can modify it?


27www.breezing.co

Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)

PAREE

Physical Activity

Metabolism


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Metabolism (RMR) and Physical Activity*

PAREE

Exercise PA

REE

*Speakman et.al., Proceeding of the nutrition society, 2003, 62, 621-‐634 (Fig.2 reproduction)

TotalEffect ofSustainedExercise

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How we can increase metabolism and reverse sedentary lifestyles without drastically altering our schedules?

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High Intensity Intermittent Training (HIIT)


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Jessica and Andrew

Troy, Personal Trainer

Gabriel

Olympic Diver, Mexico

Fang, pregnant mom(episode 1, episode II)

Dr. Sabagh

Real User Stories

metalism tracker breezing - educational

Health & Medicine