memory. memory activities concentration tips to improve your memory
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Memory
Memory Activities
Concentration
Tips to improve your memory
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Recreate the scene you saw…
MemoryThe capacity to retain and retrieve information as well as the structures that account for this capacity.
Allows us to:– Be competent– Convey a personal identity– Have a personal and cultural history– Helps guide decision-making
Memory
Memory is selective– Usually disjointed
Memory is reconstructive– We reproduce some information– But with complex information, we
alter it in ways to help us make sense of it
“Fading Flashbulb”
Some unusual events produce a strong memory– May seem frozen in time, with
photographic detail– May not always be perfect
• Facts may be mixed in with other memories or stories from others
Eyewitnesses
Watch the following video
Answer the questions that are on the paper
Summarize the events of the accident on the back of the paper
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The Eyewitness Conundrum
Eyewitness testimonies are not always reliableMay have input from other sourcesSubtle word changes may affect a person’s perception
• Hit/crash & a/the
• Bugs Bunny experiment
Journal
Why might eyewitness accounts be so unreliable?
Use what you have learned about memory to explain your opinion.
Why Eyewitnesses Are Unreliable
Re-imagining the eventCorroboration with othersLeading questions and unconscious influence from authoritiesDisjointed memoryConformity effectDouble Identification effect
Source Misattribution
The inability to distinguish an actual memory of an event from information you learned elsewhere.
Think of a very early memory– Have you seen pictures or videos
from that day that may have influenced you?
Confabulation
Confusing an event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you.– Thought, heard, or told others about
the event many times– The event contains many details that
make it feel real– The event is easy to imagine
Memory Abuse
Read article about how behavior affects memory
Answer questions about the article
Explicit Memory
Conscious, intentional recollection of an event or item of informationRecall - retrieve and reproduce information– fill-in-the-blank, memory games
Recognition - identify information previously read, observed or heard – true/false, multiple choice
Recall
Name the 7 dwarves
Recognition
Check off the names of the 7 Dwarves
Bashful Weepy Bumpy
Dopey Happy Wheezy
Mickey Slumpy Doc
Sneezy Mac Grumpy
Pappy Sleepy Mopey
Implicit Memory
Unconscious retention in memory, usually based on previous experience
Relearning method - Learn a topic twice– If you learn faster the second time, you are
clearly remembering from the first lesson
Priming - a person reads or listens to information and is later tested to see if the information affects later performance
cold curtain money
sun candle llama
chair wing ink
ox tree house
table rabbit green
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Using Implicit and Explicit Memory
How are the 2 types of memory useful outside of the academic field?
Why would some companies take advantage of a person’s implicit memory?
How is it possible to utilize a person’s implicit memory to manipulate them?
Memory
The brain is most similar to a computer– You retrieve info when you need to use it– Organized into schemas (networks of topics)
Short Term Memory
Limited capacity
Brief period (30 seconds to few minutes)
Also holds information retrieved from long-term memory
Long-Term Memory
Lasts a few minutes to a decade– May even be permanent
Unlimited capacity
Information is organized
Information passes between STM and LTM
Serial Positioning
When shown a list of items, you are most likely to remember the items at the beginning and end of the list.
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BookTieCar
GrassChairPhone
LegCat
AnswerPurseBubbleFeatherSquidGraphClone
Encoding
Usually occurs without us thinking about it– Listening to others– Where things are in your locker
Effortful Encoding (aka studying)– Memorizing the plot of a story– Learning specific facts
Rehearsal
Repeating information over and over in order to remember it– Flashcards– Practicing a script– Forgetting a number or directions
Elaborative rehearsal - associating new information with old to make it more memorable.
Mnemonics
Strategies and tricks to remember information– Even Godzilla Buys Dog Food– 30 days hath September…– ROYGBIV– Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally– My Very Excellent Mother Just Served Us
Noodles
Mnemonics
Acrostics/Phrases
Acronyms
Songs/rhymes
Location
Chunking
Practicing
Memory ExperimentUsing the strategies discussed today, think of a NEW way to study for an upcoming test/quiz.
Write down your strategy, what you are studying for, materials you will use, and how it differs from your normal routine.
After the test/quiz: record how effective you think the strategy was, and if you would be willing to use the strategy for other exams. – Use full sentences, explain your answers
Why We Forget
Decay
Replacement
Interference
Cue-Dependent Forgetting
Repression/Amnesia– Childhood amnesia
Decay
Memory fades with time unless we rehearse them
Some memories do remain because of emotional significance
Some memories can also randomly stick around
Replacement
New information drives out the old
Leading questions can change your memory
Interference
Specific memories are confused with similar ones– Names– addresses
Cue-Dependent Forgetting
You remember better if you can repeat the environment that you learned in– Same:
seat people aroundtime temperaturenoises physical state
** may explain déjà vu - similar scene from a book, movie, dream etc.
Repression - AmnesiaRepression - involuntary pushing of threatening info into the unconsciousAmnesia - partial or total loss of memory for an important personal reason– Psychogenic
• Lose entire memory for several weeks• Occurs after shock, embarrassment, shame etc
– Traumatic • Forget specific events for long parts of time• Memory returns with high accuracy
Childhood Amnesia Tendency to forget events that happened in the first 4 years of life
There are fewer memories for ages 0-8 than any other stage in a person’s life
Possible Explanations: – fewer connections between neurons– Lower ability to understand the world
Study Guide
Eyewitness conundrumSource MisattributionConfabulationExplicit (recall, recognition)
Implicit (re-learning, priming)
Short TermLong Term (mnemonics, serial positioning, chunking)
State dependent memoryForgettingAmnesiaRepression
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