me2110 lecture 9 : concept evaluation (ctnd.) technical ...singhose.marc.gatech.edu/courses/me2110...

ME2110

Lecture 9 :

Concept Evaluation (ctnd.)

Technical Design Presentations (ctnd.)

© GIT

Outline

2

1. Review Design Phases Covered Problem Understanding, Design Specification

2. Concept Generation (review)

3. Concept Evaluation (continued) What is structured concept generation?

4. Design Tool 8 – Evaluation Matrices

5. Technical Design Presentations

1. Phases of Design

3

A. Customer/Product Requirements

(Problem Understanding)

B. Design Specification

C. Conceptual Design

I. Concept Generation

II. Concept Evaluation

D. Detail Design

E. Prototyping

F. Design Finalization

I. Specification for Production

Manufacturing

Usable Life

End of Life

PR

OD

UC

T L

IFE

CY

CL

E

Start

End

Concurrent

NOT

Linear

1. Design Tools to-date

4

A. Customer/Product Requirements Problem understanding, Initial Analysis

B. Design Specification Target Performance Metrics, Design Constraints

C. Conceptual Design

I. Concept Generation

II. Concept Evaluation

DT1 – P.U.F DT2 – H.o.Q

DT4 – Design Spec. Sheet

DT3 – Function tree

DT5 – Functional

Decomposition

DT6 – S.P.M DT7 – Morph. Chart

DT5 – Evaluation Matrices

1. DT2 – House of Quality

© GIT 5

Primary design tool in QFD

Ensures comprehensive

understanding of design task

and product requirements

Builds on P.U.F by adding

“rooms” for:

Design Trade-off & Analysis

Identification

Design Target Specification

Customer Competitive

Assessment

Technical Competitive

Assessment

Identifies key design

requirements for product

non-subjectively

2. Concept Generation

6

• Systematic identification of design alternatives

• Many alternatives

• Synthesis of concepts from function-level design

solutions (How’s)

Design Tools

• DT5 – Functional Decomposition

• DT6 – Solution Principles Matrix

• DT7 – Morphological Chart

7

2. DT5 – Function Decomposition

1 2 3 5 4 6

7

1 2 3+4 5 6

7

Feed in

1

Prepare

2

Dispense

3

Shape

4

Separate

5

Feed Out

6

Return

7

Dough Shaped

Dough

Waste Waste Waste Additives

1 2 3+4+5 6

7

1 2+3 4+5 6

7

Shape Dough Shaped Dough

Eloss Dough

Additives I

E

8

2. DT6 - Solution Principle Matrix

S u b - f u n c .

S o l u t i o n P r i n c i p l e s ( I d e a / S o u r c e )

1

I d e a : ( M e c h a n i c a l ) R u b o n M a t e r i a l

( M e c h a n i c a l ) S q u i r t M a t e r i a l

( M e c h a n i c a l ) P l a c e M a t e r i a l ( l i k e L e t t e r s e t )

( C h e m i c a l ) C h a n g e p a p e r c o m p o s i t i o n

S o u r c e : S t a n d a r d p r o d u c t T e a m # 2 L e t t e r s e t A c i d e t c h i n g

1

1

( C h e m i c a l ) C h a n g e p a p e r c o l o r ( l i k e L i t m u s p a p e r )

( E l e c t r i c a l ) B u r n p a p e r ( s p a r k )

( l i k e o l d f a s h i o n e d s t r i p c h a r t r e c o r d e r s )

( E l e c t r i c a l ) E l e c t r i f y P a p e r ( g l o w

d i s c h a r g e )

( E l e c t r i c a l ) S t a t i c c h a r g e t o h o l d m a r k

o n ( l i k e E t c h - A - S k e t c h )

F i s h e r S c i e n t i f i c T e a m # 3 T e a m # 1 E t c h - A - S k e t c h

1

( T h e r m a l ) B u r n p a p e r ( f l a m e )

( T h e r m a l ) H e a t p a p e r ( g l o w d i s c h a r g e )

( T h e r m a l ) M e l t o n M a r k

( M a g n e t i c ) A t t a c h m a g n e t i c m a t e r i a l ( l i k e r e f r i g e r a t o r m a g n e t s )

T e a m # 2 T e a m # 2 W a x s e a l s G i f t S t o r e

2

( B i o l o g i c a l ) G r o w b a c t e r i a , f u n g u s

( B i o l o g i c a l ) M o d i f y ( d i g e s t ? ) p a p e r

( O p t i c a l ) C h a n g e l i g h t p r o p e r t i e s o f

p a p e r ( r e f l e c t a n c e , p o l a r i t y )

( O p t i c a l ) C h a n g e l i g h t ( h o l o g r a m )

T e a m # 2 B i o T e c h M a g a z i n e T e a m # 2 T e a m # 2

2

( M e c h a n i c a l ) R u b o f f M a t e r i a l

( M e c h a n i c a l ) T a k e o f f m a t e r i a l

( M e c h a n i c a l ) C o v e r m a r k

( l i k e w h i t e o u t )

( C h e m i c a l ) C h a n g e p a p e r c o m p o s i t i o n

S t a n d a r d p r o d u c t T e a m # 2 T e a m # 1 T e a m # 2

( C h e m i c a l ) C h a n g e p a p e r c o l o r

( l i k e d y i n g f a b r i c t h e s a m e c o l o r a s a s t a i n )

( C h e m i c a l ) C h a n g e m a r k ( e . g . , b l e a c h )

( E l e c t r i c a l ) B u r n o f f m a r k ( s p a r k )

E T C .

T e a m # 1 T e a m # 2 T e a m # 2

Example: Design of a “Pencil” Sub-function 1: Make an Erasable Mark

Sub-function 2: Erase an Erasable Mark

© GIT

ME 2110: Creative Decisions and

Design

9

2. Combining Solution Principles

Sub-

Functions

\Solutions1 2 j m

1 F1 S11 S12 S1j S1m

2 F2 S21 S22 S2j S2m

i Fi Si2 Sij Sim

n Fn Sn1 Sn2 Snj Snm

Combination of Principles 1 2

Combination 1: S11 + S21 + … + Sn1

Combination 1: S11 + S22 + … + Sn2

© GIT

10

2. DT6 Example : A Simple Competition

20 ft

Sta

rt L

ine

6.25 ft

12.5 ft

Objective:

Place mass from Start line and place on target

11

Place Mass

on Target

Move

Mass

Navigate

to

Target

Brake on

Target

Generate

Power

Transmit

Power

Hit

Target

2. DT6 Example : A Simple Competition

Start with a Function Tree

12

Different working principles to satisfy the function “store energy” by varying the type of

energy.

1

2

3

4

5

6

Mechanical Hydraulic Electrical Thermal

Flowing

Liquid

Heated

Liquid

Superheated

Steam

Type of Energy

Working Principle

Battery

Inductance, L

Pot.

Energy m

h

Hydraulic

reservoir e.g, Piston

Moving

Mass m

v

Mass

M, s, T

Flywheel w

J

+V-

J

v w Wheel

on

incline

Plane

Liquid

Res.

Pot. E. h

F

Spring Other Springs

Comp. Gas

F

2. DT6 Example : A Simple Competition

13

2. DT-6 The Morphological Chart

Going from concept to physical reality

... ... ...

Store/

Acquire

Power

Transmit

Power

Brake on

Target

Move

Mass

Navigate

to Target

Gravity Mouse Traps

Car Hit by Trap Rip Cord Effect Ramp Catapult

Rolling Friction String Break Anchor Rubber Stopper

Equal Size Wheels Larger Front Wheels

Rolling Sliding Projectile Launch

...

14

Concept 1: Gravity+Ramp+Friction Brake Concept 2: Mousetrap+Rip Cord+String Brake Concept 3: Gravity+Mousetrap+Friction Brake

Store/

Acquire

Power

Transmit

Power

Brake on

Target

Move

Mass

Navigate

to Target

Gravity Mouse Traps

Car Hit by Trap Rip Cord Effect Ramp Catapult

Rolling Friction String Break Anchor Rubber Stopper

Equal Size Wheels Larger Front Wheels

Rolling Sliding Projectile Launch

...

2. DT-6 Morph Chart Example

Outline

15

1. Review Design Phases Covered Problem Understanding, Design Specification

2. Concept Generation (review)

3. Concept Evaluation (continued) What is structured concept generation?

4. Design Tool 8 – Evaluation Matrices

5. Technical Design Presentations

ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

THE BIG EGG-HUNT

3. Concept Evaluation Intro Example

ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 17

The Egg Basket

Central Nest

3. Concept Evaluation Intro Example

18

A) Each rotten egg in your zone is -3 points

B) Each regular egg (from the middle level of

the nest)in your zone is 1 pt.

C) Each Big Egg (from the top level of the

nest) in your zone is 3 pts.

D) All eggs in your basket are valued at 3X

the above values.

3. Concept Evaluation Intro Example

Concept 1 2 3 4 5

Criteria

A D

B A

C T

D U

E M

F

+

-

S

+ = better than datum; - = worse than datum; S = same as datum

3. DT8 – Evaluation Matrices

20

+ = better than datum; - = worse than datum; S = same as datum

Concept

Criteria

Cost

Gathering Ability

Safety

Robustness

Ease of Assembly

+

-

s

1 2 3 4 5

Bunny

D

A

T

U

M

Snake

+

S

S

S

_

1

1

3

_

_

+

+

+

3

2

0

_

_

+

+

+

3

2

0

Voodoo Spell

_

_

_

+

+

2

3

0

6. DT8 – 1st Level Evaluation Matrices

21

Pts. Meaning

0

unsatisfactory

1

just tolerable

2

adequate

3

good

4 very good (ideal)

Pts. Meaning

0 absolutely useless

solution

1 very inadequate

solution

2 weak solution

3 tolerable solution

4 adequate solution

5 satisfactory solution

6 good solution with few

drawbacks

7 good solution

8 very good solution

9 solution exceeding

the requirement

10 ideal solution

6. DT8 – Evaluation Scales

22

Concept 1 2 3 4 5

Criteria

A: lowmaterialcost

3 1 4 4 3

B: easyassembly

3 4 4 4 3

C: shorttesting time

4 1 3 4 4

D: simpleconstruction

2 3 4 3 3

E:functionalsafety

2 2 2 2 2

F: simpleoperation

3 3 3 3 2

Total 17 14 20 20 17

Relative =Total/24

0.71 0.58 0.83 0.83 0.71

6. DT8 – 2nd Level Evaluation Matrices

23

WEIGHT

(0-4)

C1

(RUB ON

- RUB

OFF)

C2

(PLACE

ON -

TAKE

OFF)

C3

(PLACE

ON - RUB

OFF)

WORKING PRINCIPLE:

MAKES ERASABLE

MARK

4 4 4

REMOVES

ERASABLE MARK

4 3 3

EMBODIMENT:

HOLDS POINT 3 2 4

PRODUCTION:

FEW PARTS 4 3 2

SIMPLE TO MAKE 4 2 2

ASSEMBLY:

EASY 3 3

OPERATION:

COMFORTABLE TO

USE

2 2 3

LOW USE FORCE 3 3 4

MAINTENANCE:

SHARPENABLE 4 4 4

SAFETY:

DOESN’T HARM

USER BY

BREAKING INTO

SMALL, HARMFUL

PARTS

4 3 4

NOT POISONOUS 0 4 3

TOTAL POINTS:

6. DT8 – 3rd Level Evaluation Matrices

24

1. Formulate Many Alternate

Concepts

2. Evaluate Concepts

3. Select Concepts for Further

Refinement

Conceptual Design Summary

DT5 – Functional

Decomposition

DT6 – S.P.M DT7 – Morph. Chart

DT5 – Evaluation Matrices

2. Phases of Design

© GIT 25

A. Customer/Product Requirements

B. Design Specification

C. Conceptual Design

I. Concept Generation

II. Concept Evaluation

D. Detail Design

E. Prototyping

F. Design Finalization

I. Specification for Production

Manufacturing

Usable Life

End of Life

PR

OD

UC

T L

IFE

CY

CL

E

Start

End

Concurrent

NOT

Linear

Outline

26

1. Review Design Phases Covered Problem Understanding, Design Specification

2. Concept Generation (review)

3. Concept Evaluation (continued) What is structured concept generation?

4. Design Tool 8 – Evaluation Matrices

5. Technical Design Presentations

27

• How to organize the talk

• The deliverables we need to see

• How to use and display graphics: – Specification lists

– Function trees

– Morph Charts

– Concept drawings

– Evaluation Tables

• Warnings about slide design

6. Technical Presentations

Things to Cover

28

Introductory Design Project

Display

Planning or analysis tools

House of Quality

Function Tree

Specifications

Morph Chart

Designs

Speak

Identify and describe drawings

Identify and describe planning tools

29

Before and After the Talk

• Face the audience

• Remove your cap

• Introduce yourself and your team

• End the talk with this statement:

“Thank you. I’ll be happy to answer questions.”

30

Guidelines for Presenting Images

• Describe and explain the diagrams and

charts that you display on the screen

• Use a pointer to highlight the things you talk

about

• Use specific, descriptive words to name your

concepts, their subsystems and their

components

• Avoid Photographs

31

Questions to Address During the Talk

• For Systems or Subsystems

– What makes [this] good or bad?

– What should we remember about this design?

• For House of Quality

– What relationships are important?

– What do relationships mean to you as designers?

– How do relationships impact your design work?

32

Displaying Figures and Tables on slides

• Choose light backgrounds

• Make displays fill the screen

• Show descriptive slide title OR figure caption

• You must describe your figures and tables to

the audience:

– What is it?

– Why is it presented?

– What should the audience see?

Some tools need reformatting for screen

display

J. Donnell / ME 2110, FALL '09 33

J. Donnell / ME 2110, FALL '09 34

35

D = Demand W = Wish

Issued:

Specification

For: CD Rom Moving Device Page 1

Changes D/W Requirements Resp. Source

Move CD Rom to target.

Geometry

D Fit within 24x12x12 inch area Instructor

Kinematics

W Quick acceleration Mfg. Engineer

W Straight line "

W Smooth acceleration "

Forces

D Operates with mouse traps Instructor

D Gravity "

Specifications (for CD Mover)

Slide Titles can be compressed to make room for displays

Spec sheet is cropped to allow for larger fonts

Focus on

Your Input !

36

Function Tree (for CD Mover)

Activate

System

Move

To CD

End

Forward

Motion

Anchor

Capture

Device

Stop

At CD

Capture

CD

Deliver

CD

Manipulate

CD

Protect

Our CD

Move

Their CD

Defend

Result

Retrieve CD and

Place on Target

Slide Title

Use one noun and one verb per box

Rows align for

ease of reading

J. Donnell / ME 2110, FALL '09 37

Generate Power

Transmit Power

Trap turns axle Car hit by trap Ramp Projectile / Catapult

Move to CD /

Target

Rolling Sliding Projectile

Move / Pick-up

CD

Suction Tape covered platform Trap hits disc Catch line

Brake on CD /

Target

Anchored String aroung axle Rubber stopper deployed

Mouse Trap Gravity

Morph Chart (for CD Mover)

Simple diagrams Row heads from Function Tree

Two or three words per cell

38

Conveyor Concept (for Fear Factor)

Claw arm

Conveyor Belt

Wheels

Grabbing Arm

This Drawing:

• Fills the slide

• Has labels

• Shows complete

system

Descriptive Title is

shown on the slide

J. Donnell / ME 2110, FALL '09 39

CONCEPT 1 2 3

CRITERIA

Drive Distance 2 3 4

Size 2 1 2

Speed 3 2 4

Low Cost 3 2 2

Ease of

Operation 3 2 3

Ease of

Production 1 2 3

Ease of Reset 2 2 3

Functional

Safety 2 2 2

Total 18 16 23

Relative=

Total/32 0.5625 0.5 0.71875

Evaluation Matrix (for Baggage Claim)

Concepts identified by name, by drawing or both

Fonts around 20 pt.

Highlight

scores

that make

a

difference

40

Focus, color and information

• Important information must visually dominate

any figure or table

• When possible, important information should be

clustered and centered

• Color is best reserved to highlight important

information

• Light colors often give you the greatest flexibility

41

Clustered information permits focus

D = Demand W = Wish

Issued:

Specification

For: CD Rom Moving Device Page 1

Changes D/W Requirements Resp. Source

Move CD Rom to target.

Geometry

D Fit within 24x12x12 inch area Instructor

Kinematics

W Quick acceleration Mfg. Engineer

W Straight line "

W Smooth acceleration "

Forces

D Operates with mouse traps Instructor

D Gravity "

42

Motion, Sound and information

• Motion should highlight important information

Animated concept drawings are very helpful

• Sound is best avoided

Unless the sound IS the information

Animated Text Is Not Helpful

J. Donnell / ME 2110, FALL '09 43

Strong colors obscure

information. Motion can make us

look away from the drawing

44

Mousetraps

Sliders for mobility

Gravity-

deployed

ramp

Pneumatics

for

whacking

arms

Photographs are difficult to pull off

45

Light is hard to control

46

Return

motor/spindle

subsystem

Control box Rat-whacking

arm/mousetrap

subsystem

Primary release solenoid

Drawer slider arms

Cross

support/diversion

arm mounting

bracket

Diversion

arm

Weight for

arms Bug chute

Diversion arm

launch

mousetrap

You control the light in drawings

Outline

47

1. Review Design Phases Covered Problem Understanding, Design Specification

2. Concept Generation (review)

3. Concept Evaluation (continued) What is structured concept generation?

4. Design Tool 8 – Evaluation Matrices

5. Technical Design Presentations

Questions?