materials, wood and metals

Students 1º ESO

Materials

IES RAMIRO IILa Robla

CARLOS & AIDÉ

TYPES OF MATERIALS

MANUFACTURED GOODS

A manufactured good is any object created by humans to

satisfy their needs and improve their standard of living.

Examples: your text book,chair,desk, watch and sweater.

The manufacturing process:

1. We get raw materials from nature.2. We process them to make materials.3. We make goods with these materials.

For example, trees are cut into logs, logs are made into planks of wood, and these are used to make furniture.

Raw material Material Manufactured product

RAW MATERIALS AND MATERIALS

Wool comes from the hair of sheep.

Cotton comes from the plant of the same name. Marble, comes from a quarry.

Raw materials are substances that are extracted directly from nature

ANIMALS VEGETABLE MINERAL ORIGIN

PROPERTIES OF

MATERIALS 1NACHO & MIRIAN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

This properties are related to how materials react to external stimuli, e.g. electricity, light, head or the applying of various forces.

• Electrical properties• Thermal properties• Optical properties• Acoustic properties• Magnetics properties• Mechanical properties

CONDUCTIVITY

• Conductor Materials:

Some materials conduct electricity, e.g. metals

• Insulator Materials:

Materials that don’t conduct electricity, eg. Insulation tape

THERMAL PROPERTIES

• Thermal conductivity• Thermal conductors are materials that

conduct heat• Thermal insulation are materials that

don’t conduct heat• Expression and contraction• When the temperature increases, the materials

expands• When the temperature decreases, the material

contracts• Fusibility• Some materials change from solid to liquid

when the temperature increased• Welding• Some materials can be used to weld two pieces

of the same or different materials together

OPTICAL PROPERTIES Opaque materials:

other objects can’t be seen through them.

Translucent materials: allow light pass through them, but don’t allow objects behind them to be seen Cleary

Transparent materials: other objects can be seen Cleary through these materials

ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES

o Acoustic conductors: the capacity of materials to transmit sound

o Acoustic insulators: some materials don’t conduct sound well

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

Magnetism: some materials attract other metallic materials; iron has this properties. This allows it to become a permanent magnet

Mechanical Properties

Stefanny & Cris

Mechanical PropertiesMechanical Properties are those relate to how materials react when external forces are applied.

Elasticity and Plasticity

Elasticity: allows the material to return to its original form after a force that has changed its shape is removed.

Plasticity: allows it to be permanently deformed.

Elastic material Plastic material

Malleability and Ductility

Malleability : allows a material to be spread into sheets or films.Materials with this property are malleable.

Ductility: allows a material to be formed into filaments or wires.Materials with this property are ductile

maleabilidad ductilidad

Mechanical strength The mechanical strenght of materials depends on the type of force that upon them.

There are several types of strenght:tensile strenght,comprenssive strenght,flexural strength,torsial strenght and shear strenght.For example,tennis racquet strings have to be tense so that when the racquet hits the ball,the strings experince a flexural force.

(Resistencia mecánica)

HardnessA hard material is not easily scratched by another material.The mohs scale of mineral was crated by the Austrian geologist Friedrinch Mohs ( 177_1839).The mineral are graded from 1 to 10 according to how hard they are.

(DUREZA)

Toughness and bittleness Toughness : is the resistant to braking that a material shows when hit by something.Bittleness: is the opposite , when the material braks easily.

TENACIDAD y FRAGILIDAD

Other propertiesDENSITYDensity is the relationship between the mass and the volume of an object

d=m/VPOROSITYSome materials can absorb or realish liquids or gases. Wood , some stones and ceramic materials are porous.PERMEABILITYSome materials allow water or other liquids to filter througt them.IMPERMEABILITYSome materials don’t allow water or other liquids to filter though them.

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

GROUP 3

IVÁN PAULA1ºB

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

We can see these properties when the chemical composition of a material changes because it interacts with other substances.

OXIDATIONWhen a mineral reacts with oxygen in the air or water. Metals are the most sensitive materials to oxidation. The reddish-brown substances produced is called rust.

The chains are rusting To prevent rusting the materials are coated with paint, varnish or enamel.

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

The enviroment is a system made up of human beings, flora, fauna, earth, air, climate and landscape wich all interact. Materials are classified according to the impact they have on the enviroment

Renewable raw materials Wool Cotton WoodNon-renewable raw materials Coal Oil Minerals

characteristics examples

Recyclanle materials

These can be reused. They help conserve natural resources and avoid the accumulation of waste products.

Glass, paper, cardboard, metal, plastic…

Toxic materials

These are harmful to the enviroment. They can be poisonous for living things because they contaminate the soil, the water and the atmosphere.

Mercury, heavy metals, petroleum.

Biodegradable materials

These are materials that decompose naturally and don’t cause damage to the enviroment.

Paper, water-solube plastics( materials that descompose on contact with cold or hot water)

THE END

WOOD

MANUEL & PAULA

1 WOODWood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the

stems and roots of trees, and other woody plants.

Properties Characteristics

Hardness Wood is hard, but can be penetrated by objects such as screws or nails

DensityWood is less dense than water, so it floats. Most wood has a densit of between 0.3g/cm3 and 0.9 g/cm3

Electrical insulation

Dry wod provides good electrical insulation

Thermal insulation

Wood provides good thermal insulation but it burns easily

Porosity

Wood can absorb or emit liquids or gases because it has tiny holes called pores

Mechanical resistancesWood has good mechanical resistance agaiinst the forces of traction, compresion or belding.

Colour and grainWood has aestheic qualities: a variety of colours and grains

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

1 – Is a nenowable raw material

2 – Is biodegradable3 – Is recycable

1.2 HOW TO PROCESS WOOD

1.CUTING AND

PROUNING

2.TRANSPORT

3.REMOVING THE BARK

4.SAWING

5.DRYING

6.PLANING

1.3. TYPES OF WOOD

Wood

Natural

Hardwood: ébano, roble ,nogal. Softwood: pino, abeto, chopo.

Artificial

Playwood (sheets of wood glued together) - Contrachapado

Chipboard: (chips of wood compressed and glued) - AglomeradoFibreboard: (chips of wood milled) – Tablero de fibra

METALSAinhoa & Rebeca

THE PROPERTIES OF METALSPhisycal properties Characteristics

Strong (mechanical strength)

Can resist forces while not becoming deformed easily, e.g. tensile, shear, compression and flexing or bending force

Ductile and malleable Can be made into wire or thin sheets

Tough Do not break easily

Plastic and elastic Some metals are elastic – they can bend and return to their original shape when they are affected by external forces; others are not elastic and are deformed by external forces

Electrical, termal and acoustic conductivity

Good conductors of electricity, heat and sound

Magnetic Magnets attract some metals

Fusible Can be easily welded to other metallic objects

Expansion and contraction

When the temperatura rises, they ezpand and when it falls, they contract

Chemical properties Characteristics

Oxidation React with oxygen in water and air

Ecologycal properties Characteristics

Recycable and reusable Most metals are recycable: when they have been used, they can be processed to be used again

Toxic Some metals, such as lead or mercury, present a danger to human beings and the enviroment

WHERE AND HOW METALS ARE OBTAINED

Metals are taken from minerals contained in rocks, e.g. copper is extracted from chalcopyrite or

malachite.

- Surface mining is used when the mineral layer is near the surface.

- Underground mining is used when the mineral is deep below the

surface.

Metals

ferrous

Non ferrous

Pure ironSteelCast iron

METALS

Heavy Metals

Light Metals

•Aluminium•Magnesium•Titanium

LeadTinZincCopperBronzeBrass

PURE IRON(HIERRO)

Pure iron is a greyish white metal with wood magnetic properties.

DISADVANTAGES

·carrodes easly

·only metals at very high temperatures (has a high melting

point).

·is difficult to machine

Uses: electrical and electronic components.

CAST IRON(FUNDICIÓN)

Cast iron is extremely hard an resistant.

Uses: machery parts , pistons, street lamps , drain covers, etc.

IRON + CARBON

STEEL(ACERO)

Steel is an alloy of iron containing

a small quantity of carbon. It has

better mechanical properties than iron

because it is very hard and strong.

Other cemical elements can be added to

steel, to improve or obtain certain

properties. These are called alloy steels.

Here are some common examples:

Materials

Bárbara & Leyre

Types of metals

Heavy Light metals.

Heavy metalsThere are five types of heavy metals:

Lead Tin Zinc Copper Bronze Brass

Lead (plomo)

USES: manufacture of batteries, electrical cable cladding, piping, firearms, tanks and X-ray devices, as a protective material for radioactive materials, in paints, dyes and varnishes, etc.

It comes from GALENA

HEAVY

Tin (estaño)used as a protective layer for copper containers, to manufacture cans, in alloys, in welding , In the aerospace industry ,as an ingredient of insecticides.

Is a silvery white metalVery ductileMalleableCristalline

Found in casserite

Zinc (cinc)atomic number 30 and symbol Znchemical element

Nutricional support

Copper (cobre)

Atomic number 29

Symbol is Cutransition metal of copper color and metallic

Bronze (bronce)Metal alloy of copper and tin, and often another element

its applications depend on the ratio of tin to bronze.

used in statues, bells, taps, etc.

Brass (latón)Proportions copper and zinc can vary to create with diverse properties.

Alloy of copper and zinc.

industrial brass percentage of zinc is always less than 50%.

NEREA & CARLOTA1º A

TYPES OF LIGHT METALS

GROUP 5

ALUMINIUM Aluminum is a chemical

element. It is the third most common element found in the terrestrial crust. As metal is extracted only from the mineral known as bauxite, it is a very abundant element in nature, it is a soft material.

El aluminio es un elemento químico. Es el tercer elemento más común encontrado en la corteza terrestre. Como metal se extrae únicamente del mineral conocido con el nombre de bauxita, es un elemento muy abundante en la naturaleza, es un material blando.

MAGNESIUM Magnesium is the chemical

element. It is the seventh element in abundance and the third most abundant dissolved in the sea water; Is not found in nature.

El magnesio es el elemento químico. Es el séptimo elemento en abundancia y el tercero más abundante disuelto en el agua mar; no se encuentra en la naturaleza.

TITANIUM Titanium is a chemical

element. It is placed in group 4 of the periodic table of the elements. It is a transition metal of gray color, low density and great hardness.

El titanio es un elemento químico. Se sitúa en el grupo 4 de la tabla periódica de los elementos. Es un metal de transición de color gris, baja densidad y gran dureza.

THE ENDTHANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATENTION