martin 2011 traveling through six kingdoms an introduction to the three domains/ six kingdoms of...

Martin 2011Martin 2011

Traveling Through Six Traveling Through Six KingdomsKingdoms

An Introduction to the An Introduction to the

Three Domains/Three Domains/

Six Kingdoms of LifeSix Kingdoms of Life

Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of Life All living things have All living things have CELLS:CELLS:

All living things All living things respond respond to their to their environmentenvironment

All Living things All Living things reproducereproduce

All living things All living things use energyuse energy

All living things All living things growgrow and and developdevelop

All living things All living things adaptadapt through through evolutionevolution

Two Types of CellsTwo Types of Cells

ProkaryoteProkaryote Simple cellsSimple cells DNA DNA not not in in

nucleusnucleus

EukaryoteEukaryote Complex cellsComplex cells DNA in nucleusDNA in nucleus

Prokaryotes: Two Domains, Prokaryotes: Two Domains, Two KingdomsTwo Kingdoms

Domain: Domain: ArchaeaArchaea

Kingdome:ArchaebacteriaKingdome:Archaebacteria

Domain: Domain: BacteriaBacteria

Domain: EubacteriaDomain: Eubacteria

Kingdom Kingdom ArcheabacteriaArcheabacteria May be the May be the oldestoldest form of form of

life: lived 3.5 - 4 billionlife: lived 3.5 - 4 billion years agoyears ago

Most live in Most live in extremeextreme places places similar to our young Earth: similar to our young Earth: deep sea vents, boiling mud deep sea vents, boiling mud around volcanoes, very around volcanoes, very salty water (Dead Sea), salty water (Dead Sea), acidic wateracidic water

ExtremophilesExtremophiles

Specs:Specs:

UnicellularUnicellular: One cell: One cell

Prokaryote:Prokaryote:

DNA is not in a nucleusDNA is not in a nucleus

Most are Most are Heterotrophs Heterotrophs ; a ; a few are few are AutotrophsAutotrophs

AsexualAsexual reproduction reproductionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9DNWcqxI4&feature=related

Kingdom: Kingdom: EubacteriaEubacteria

Live all around us, in us, Live all around us, in us, and on usand on us

Most are very Most are very usefuluseful:: Break down wasteBreak down waste Make cheese and yogurtMake cheese and yogurt Make Vitamin KMake Vitamin K Make OxygenMake Oxygen

A few cause A few cause diseasedisease

SpecsSpecs

UnicellularUnicellular : one cell : one cell

ProkaryoteProkaryote: DNA is : DNA is notnot in a nucleus in a nucleus

Most are Most are Heterotroph;Heterotroph; a few are a few are AutotrophsAutotrophs

Live under Live under ““normalnormal”” conditions conditions

Chemical composition is very Chemical composition is very different form Archeabacteria: different form Archeabacteria: Different type of Different type of DNADNA

AsexualAsexual reproduction reproduction

LetLet’’s Look at a Few Shapess Look at a Few Shapes

CocciCocci Bacilli Bacilli Spirilla Spirilla

(round)(round) (rod) (rod) (spiral)(spiral)

Domain Domain EukaryaEukarya : : Four KingdomsFour Kingdoms

ProtistaProtista FungiFungi

PlantaePlantae AnimaliaAnimalia

Kingdom: Kingdom: ProtistaProtista

The The ““LeftoverLeftover”” KingdomKingdom

Plant-likePlant-likeAnimal-likeAnimal-likeFungus-likeFungus-like

SpecsSpecs

****UnicellularUnicellular OR OR MulticellularMulticellular

EukaryoteEukaryote: DNA is in a : DNA is in a nucleusnucleus

**Heterotrophs**Heterotrophs and and AutotrophsAutotrophs

**Asexual**Asexual AND AND sexual sexual reproductionreproduction

**most common**most common

A Peep into Kingdom ProtistaA Peep into Kingdom Protista

http://www.dnatube.com/video/287/Swimmng-Paramecium

http://www.dnatube.com/video/7271/Amoeba-Phagocytosis

Kingdom Kingdom FungiFungi

Mushrooms, molds Mushrooms, molds and mildewsand mildews

Most are Most are usefuluseful

(food, decomposers)(food, decomposers) A few cause A few cause diseasedisease::

AthleteAthlete’’s foots foot RingwormRingworm Serious plant diseasesSerious plant diseases

SpecsSpecs Most are Most are MulticellularMulticellular

EukaryotesEukaryotes::DNA is in a nucleusDNA is in a nucleus

ALL are ALL are HeterotrophsHeterotrophs DecomposersDecomposers (dead material) (dead material) ParasitesParasites (living material) (living material)

AsexualAsexual AND AND ****Sexual Sexual reproductionreproduction

Kingdom Kingdom PlantaePlantae

From tiny Mosses From tiny Mosses to to

giant Redwood giant Redwood trees, all plants trees, all plants use use Photosynthesis Photosynthesis to obtain energyto obtain energy

SpecsSpecs

ALL are ALL are MulticellularMulticellular

EukaryotesEukaryotes::DNA is in a nucleusDNA is in a nucleus

ALL are ALL are AutotrophsAutotrophs Contain Contain ChlorophyllChlorophyll (green (green

pigment) for pigment) for PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

**Sexual**Sexual and and asexual asexual reproductionreproduction

Kingdom Kingdom AnimaliaAnimalia

Most animals can Most animals can MOVE MOVE to find foodto find food

(at least during part of their life cycle)(at least during part of their life cycle) All animals must All animals must EATEAT

CarnivoreCarnivore (Animals/ meat) (Animals/ meat) HerbivoreHerbivore (Plants) (Plants) Omnivore Omnivore (Both plant and animal)(Both plant and animal) DetritivoreDetritivore (Dead material) (Dead material) ParasitesParasites (Living material) (Living material)

SpecsSpecs

ALL are ALL are MulticellularMulticellular

EukaryotesEukaryotes::DNA is in a nucleusDNA is in a nucleus

ALL are ALL are HeterotrophsHeterotrophs

Most Most Move Move

**Sexual**Sexual and and asexual asexual reproductionreproduction

The Animal Kingdom at a GlanceThe Animal Kingdom at a Glance

Thank you for visiting the Thank you for visiting the Six Kingdoms of LifeSix Kingdoms of Life