managing landscape for environmental sustainability...sustainable urban landscape • reducing storm...

InternationalConferenceonClimateChangeandMulti-dimensionalSustainabilityinAfricanAgriculture

June3–5,2015

ManagingLandscapeforEnvironmentalSustainabilityRATTANLAL

THEOHIOSTATEUNIVERSITY

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

Lookagainatthatbluepearlinthespace. That’shere.That’shome.That’sus.Onitiseveryoneyoulove,everyoneyouknow,everyoneyoueverheardof, every human being who ever was, lived outtheirlives.Theaggregatesofourjoyandsuffering,thousands of confident religions, ideologies, andeconomic doctrines, every hunter and forager,every hero and coward, every creator anddestroyer of civilizaSon, every king and peasant.Every young couple in love, every mother andfather,hopefulchild, inventorandexplorer,everyteacher of morals, every corrupt poliScian, every“super leader”, every saint and sinner in thehistory of our species lived there- on a mote of

suspendedinasunbeam.

~CarlSagan

THE EARTH

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

www.flickr.com

LANDSCAPE

ItisaheterogeneouslandareacomposedofaclusterofinteracSngecosystemsthatisrepeatedinsimilarformthroughout.

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

www.flickr.com

LANDSCAPE ECOSYSTEMS

Asynthesisofspecificcomponentswithitsbiotaandphysiographicenvironment.

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

ItisthescienceofstudyingandimprovingrelaSonshipsbetweenecologicalprocessesintheenvironmentandparScularecosystems.Alandscapemaycontaintwoormoreecosystemsincloseproximity.

LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

anr.ext.wvu.edu

ItisanintenSonalacSvitythatiniSatesoracceleratestherecoveryofanecosystemwithrespecttoitshealth,integrityandsustainability.

ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

hYp://www.dailymail.co.uk/

StrategiesofEcosystemandLandscapeRestoraSon1. ConservingbiodiversityandintegraSngmulSplefuncSons2. Conservingandmanagingwaterresources(maximizinggreenwater)3. ImprovingecosystemfuncSonsandservices4. PromoSngecologicalrestoraSon

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

TenTenetsofSoil/LandscapeRestoraSon1. CreateposiSveCandNbudgets2. Conservewater,andincreasegreenwatersupply3. Controlerosion4. Replacenutrientsharvested,andimprovesoilferSlity5. Improvesoilstructure6. Improvesoilbiota(earthworms,termites,microbes)7. AlleviaterootrestricSveconstraints8. ManagesoilpH9. Maintainafavorablesaltbalance10. Creatediseasesuppressivesoils

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

EcologicalRestoraSon:AHolisScApproach

Crea&ngSustainableLandscape

�Conservingbiodiversity�AverSngirreversibleenvironmental/soilchange�AllocaSngspaSallyscarceresources�IntegraSngmulSplefuncSon

ImprovingEcosystemServices

�EnhancingsoilorganiccarbonsequestraSon�Increasingsupplyofrenewablewater�Improvingbiodiversity�Managingfuturetrade-offsandcomplementariSes�Enhancingnutrientrecycling

ManagingWater�MinimizinglossesbyrunoffandevaporaSon�Maximizingsoilwaterstorage�Enhancinggreenwatersupply�Managingvirtualwater�Recyclinggrey/blackwater�Usingbrackishwater

SustainableIntensifica&on•  Producingmorefromless

•  Enhancinguseefficiency

ManagingCarbonandNutrients

�CreaSngposiSvebudgetsofC,N,P,S�IncreasingbiologicalNfixaSon�ImprovingmycorrhizalassociaSon�PromoSngcoupledcyclingofH2OwithCandN�Reducinglossesbyerosion

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

PrinciplesofEcologicalRestoraSon1. ImplemenSngatalandscapescale2. Harmonizingtheecologicaleffectswithcurrentandfuturesocialanddemographicchanges

3. DevelopingonorbuildinguponthetradiSonalknowledge4. Usingprinciplesofecologicalengineering(managingwetlands)

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

BiogeochemicalCycles

�ElementalCycling(N,P,S)�NutrientretenSonanduptake�ElementaltransformaSon

WaterCycling

�Renewability�PurificaSon�BlueßàGreenßàGreyConversion

ClimateModera&on

�Gaseousexchangebetweenlandandtheatmosphere�EcosystemCandNpools

Biodiversity

�Habitat �Foodsource �Aboveground,belowground

SustainableLandscape

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

ManagingEcosystemServiceswithinaLandscape

•  AdaptaSontoclimatechange•  Conservingbiodiversity•  ManaginggenelowandspeciesmigraSons•  Enhancingecologicalresilience•  ManagingnaturalandanthropogenicperturbaSons•  AbaSngpolluSon•  Managingwaterquality•  SupplyingcommodiSes•  Preservingculturalvalues•  ProvidingaestheScsandrecreaSon

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

Oldgrowthforest

Logged-overforest

Secondaryandagroforestry

Annualcrops

Grassland Mosaiclandscapewithagroforestry,plantaSons,cropfields,woodlots

Carbon

stocks(M

g/ha)

LandscapeManagementforEnvironmentalServices,BiodiversityConservaSon,andLivelihoods

(CGIAR,2015)

DegradaS

on

DeforestaS

on

RefrorestaSo

nand

AgroforestaS

on

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

Blue

GreenGrey/Black

Virtual

WaterResources

TYPESOFWATER

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

sites.google.com

DroughtandRisksofCropFailures

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

www.scidev.net

PerpetualDrought

Sub-SaharanAfrica,especiallythearidandsemi-aridregions,suffersfromperpetualdroughtinterruptedby

devastaSngflashfloods

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

www.ifad.org

WaterManagement(ProducingMorePerDrop)

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

www.icrisat.org

Micro-catchmentforTreeGrowthwithinaLandscape

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

POPULATIONGROWTHINAFRICANCITIES(UNPUBLICATIONST/ESA/SER.A/2742008)

City

Population (106) 1975 2007 2025 Growth (%/yr)

Accra 0.7 2.1 3.4 2.93 Addis 0.9 3.1 6.2 - Dar 0.6 2.9 5.7 4.39 Kinishase 1.5 7.8 16.8 3.89 Lagos 1.9 9.5 15.8 4.44 Nariobi 0.7 3.0 5.9 3.87

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

GreenRoofatOSU

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

reimaginerpe.org

SustainableUrbanLandscape

•  Reducingstormwaterrunoff(greenroof)•  EnhancingWUEwithinalandscape•  Bio-filteringofwastethroughwetlands•  UsinggraywaterforirrigaSon•  CreaSng/enhancingwildlifehabitatinurbanenvironments(urban

forestry)•  Developingenergyefficientlandscapedesign(shadetrees)•  Providingpermeablepavingmaterials•  Usingcompositewoodproducts•  ComposSngandrecycling(kitchen/gardenwaste)•  Usingrenewableenergy(solarpanels)•  PromoSngurbanagriculture

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

GreenBuildingsandRenewableEnergy

www.telegraph.co.uk

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

www.circleollue.org

ManagingSoil,AlleviaSngDrudgery,andAddressingGender-RelatedIssuesinFarming

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

“Hello there folks. Do you know who or what I am? I am thegeomembrane of the Earth. I am your protecSve filter, your buffer,yourmediatorofenergy,water,andbiogeochemicalcompounds.Iamyour sustainerof producSve life, yourulSmate sourcesof elements,andthehabitatformostbiota.IamthefoundaSonthatsupportsyou,thecradleofyourmyths,andthedusttowhichyouwillreturn.Iamasoil”.

…RichardArnold,2005,SeniorSoilScien4st

SOIL AS A RECYCLING ENTITY: CONVERTING DEATH INTO LIFE