managing landscape for environmental sustainability...sustainable urban landscape • reducing storm...

InternationalConferenceonClimateChangeandMulti-dimensionalSustainabilityinAfricanAgriculture

June3–5,2015

ManagingLandscapeforEnvironmentalSustainabilityRATTANLAL

THEOHIOSTATEUNIVERSITY

INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCLIMATECHANGEANDMULTI-DIMENSIONALSUSTAINABILITYINAFRICANAGRICULTURE

Lookagainatthatbluepearlinthespace. That’shere.That’shome.That’sus.Onitiseveryoneyoulove,everyoneyouknow,everyoneyoueverheardof, every human being who ever was, lived outtheirlives.Theaggregatesofourjoyandsuffering,thousands of confident religions, ideologies, andeconomic doctrines, every hunter and forager,every hero and coward, every creator anddestroyer of civilizaSon, every king and peasant.Every young couple in love, every mother andfather,hopefulchild, inventorandexplorer,everyteacher of morals, every corrupt poliScian, every“super leader”, every saint and sinner in thehistory of our species lived there- on a mote of

suspendedinasunbeam.

~CarlSagan

THE EARTH


www.flickr.com

LANDSCAPE

ItisaheterogeneouslandareacomposedofaclusterofinteracSngecosystemsthatisrepeatedinsimilarformthroughout.


www.flickr.com

LANDSCAPE ECOSYSTEMS

Asynthesisofspecificcomponentswithitsbiotaandphysiographicenvironment.


ItisthescienceofstudyingandimprovingrelaSonshipsbetweenecologicalprocessesintheenvironmentandparScularecosystems.Alandscapemaycontaintwoormoreecosystemsincloseproximity.

LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY


anr.ext.wvu.edu

ItisanintenSonalacSvitythatiniSatesoracceleratestherecoveryofanecosystemwithrespecttoitshealth,integrityandsustainability.

ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION


hYp://www.dailymail.co.uk/

StrategiesofEcosystemandLandscapeRestoraSon1. ConservingbiodiversityandintegraSngmulSplefuncSons2. Conservingandmanagingwaterresources(maximizinggreenwater)3. ImprovingecosystemfuncSonsandservices4. PromoSngecologicalrestoraSon


TenTenetsofSoil/LandscapeRestoraSon1. CreateposiSveCandNbudgets2. Conservewater,andincreasegreenwatersupply3. Controlerosion4. Replacenutrientsharvested,andimprovesoilferSlity5. Improvesoilstructure6. Improvesoilbiota(earthworms,termites,microbes)7. AlleviaterootrestricSveconstraints8. ManagesoilpH9. Maintainafavorablesaltbalance10. Creatediseasesuppressivesoils


EcologicalRestoraSon:AHolisScApproach

Crea&ngSustainableLandscape

�Conservingbiodiversity�AverSngirreversibleenvironmental/soilchange�AllocaSngspaSallyscarceresources�IntegraSngmulSplefuncSon

ImprovingEcosystemServices

�EnhancingsoilorganiccarbonsequestraSon�Increasingsupplyofrenewablewater�Improvingbiodiversity�Managingfuturetrade-offsandcomplementariSes�Enhancingnutrientrecycling

ManagingWater�MinimizinglossesbyrunoffandevaporaSon�Maximizingsoilwaterstorage�Enhancinggreenwatersupply�Managingvirtualwater�Recyclinggrey/blackwater�Usingbrackishwater

SustainableIntensifica&on•  Producingmorefromless

•  Enhancinguseefficiency

ManagingCarbonandNutrients

�CreaSngposiSvebudgetsofC,N,P,S�IncreasingbiologicalNfixaSon�ImprovingmycorrhizalassociaSon�PromoSngcoupledcyclingofH2OwithCandN�Reducinglossesbyerosion


PrinciplesofEcologicalRestoraSon1. ImplemenSngatalandscapescale2. Harmonizingtheecologicaleffectswithcurrentandfuturesocialanddemographicchanges

3. DevelopingonorbuildinguponthetradiSonalknowledge4. Usingprinciplesofecologicalengineering(managingwetlands)


BiogeochemicalCycles

�ElementalCycling(N,P,S)�NutrientretenSonanduptake�ElementaltransformaSon

WaterCycling

�Renewability�PurificaSon�BlueßàGreenßàGreyConversion

ClimateModera&on

�Gaseousexchangebetweenlandandtheatmosphere�EcosystemCandNpools

Biodiversity

�Habitat �Foodsource �Aboveground,belowground

SustainableLandscape


ManagingEcosystemServiceswithinaLandscape

•  AdaptaSontoclimatechange•  Conservingbiodiversity•  ManaginggenelowandspeciesmigraSons•  Enhancingecologicalresilience•  ManagingnaturalandanthropogenicperturbaSons•  AbaSngpolluSon•  Managingwaterquality•  SupplyingcommodiSes•  Preservingculturalvalues•  ProvidingaestheScsandrecreaSon


Oldgrowthforest

Logged-overforest

Secondaryandagroforestry

Annualcrops

Grassland Mosaiclandscapewithagroforestry,plantaSons,cropfields,woodlots

Carbon

stocks(M

g/ha)

LandscapeManagementforEnvironmentalServices,BiodiversityConservaSon,andLivelihoods

(CGIAR,2015)

DegradaS

on

DeforestaS

on

RefrorestaSo

nand

AgroforestaS

on


Blue

GreenGrey/Black

Virtual

WaterResources

TYPESOFWATER


sites.google.com

DroughtandRisksofCropFailures


www.scidev.net

PerpetualDrought

Sub-SaharanAfrica,especiallythearidandsemi-aridregions,suffersfromperpetualdroughtinterruptedby

devastaSngflashfloods


www.ifad.org

WaterManagement(ProducingMorePerDrop)


www.icrisat.org

Micro-catchmentforTreeGrowthwithinaLandscape


POPULATIONGROWTHINAFRICANCITIES(UNPUBLICATIONST/ESA/SER.A/2742008)

City

Population (106) 1975 2007 2025 Growth (%/yr)

Accra 0.7 2.1 3.4 2.93 Addis 0.9 3.1 6.2 - Dar 0.6 2.9 5.7 4.39 Kinishase 1.5 7.8 16.8 3.89 Lagos 1.9 9.5 15.8 4.44 Nariobi 0.7 3.0 5.9 3.87


GreenRoofatOSU


reimaginerpe.org

SustainableUrbanLandscape

•  Reducingstormwaterrunoff(greenroof)•  EnhancingWUEwithinalandscape•  Bio-filteringofwastethroughwetlands•  UsinggraywaterforirrigaSon•  CreaSng/enhancingwildlifehabitatinurbanenvironments(urban

forestry)•  Developingenergyefficientlandscapedesign(shadetrees)•  Providingpermeablepavingmaterials•  Usingcompositewoodproducts•  ComposSngandrecycling(kitchen/gardenwaste)•  Usingrenewableenergy(solarpanels)•  PromoSngurbanagriculture


GreenBuildingsandRenewableEnergy

www.telegraph.co.uk


www.circleollue.org

ManagingSoil,AlleviaSngDrudgery,andAddressingGender-RelatedIssuesinFarming


“Hello there folks. Do you know who or what I am? I am thegeomembrane of the Earth. I am your protecSve filter, your buffer,yourmediatorofenergy,water,andbiogeochemicalcompounds.Iamyour sustainerof producSve life, yourulSmate sourcesof elements,andthehabitatformostbiota.IamthefoundaSonthatsupportsyou,thecradleofyourmyths,andthedusttowhichyouwillreturn.Iamasoil”.

…RichardArnold,2005,SeniorSoilScien4st

SOIL AS A RECYCLING ENTITY: CONVERTING DEATH INTO LIFE

managing landscape for environmental sustainability...sustainable urban landscape • reducing storm...

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