make a new entry titled- how energy is changed- 11/8

• MAKE A NEW ENTRY TITLED- How Energy is Changed-11/8

• SHORT CHECKUP ON CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND ENERGY TRANSFORMATION ON WEDNESDAY• QUIZ/TEST ON ALL FOOD FOR ANIMALS

STUFF ON TUESDAY AFTER LONG WEEKEND (11/15)

•CELLULAR RESPIRATION CLIP•RELEASING CHEMICAL ENERGY CLIP

Energy transformations

• Marshmallow burned—thermal (heat) energy was released

• We said energy was “released” from the marshmallow—but all the molecules/atoms could be accounted for—so where in the marshmallow did the energy come from?

• When the bonds of sugar were broken and reformed making CO2 and H2O– energy was released

• So…the energy was in the bonds of the molecules• The chemical energy of the sugar

molecules was released as thermal energy• So, did the C, H, and O atoms turn into

energy when the sugar was burned? • So where is the sugar?• In our body, this process is called

CELLULAR RESPIRATION and happens in CELLS

LIGHTENERGY

INPUTCHEMICAL

ENERGY

OUTPUT

MOREstored energy

Glucose

Carbon dioxide

LESSstored energy

LIGHTENERGY

INPUTCHEMICAL

ENERGY

OUTPUT

MOREstored energy

Glucose

Carbon dioxide

LESSstored energy

Carbon cycles between carbon dioxide and glucose as light energy is converted into chemical energy

LIGHTENERGY

INPUTCHEMICAL

ENERGY

OUTPUT

• WE HAVE TWO MAJOR IDEAS IN THIS UNIT (HOW WE USE FOOD)

1) GROWTH FROM FOOD—DIGESTION- CIRCULATION- REASSEMBLY, TIME 0-4 ACTIVITY, YOUR TURN HW

2) ENERGY FROM FOOD— part A CELLULAR RESPIRATION-MATTER IS CONSERVED WHEN BONDS OF THE FOOD MOLECULES ARE BROKEN AND ENERGY IS RELEASEDpart B HOW THE CHEMICAL ENERGY IS CHANGED/TRANSFORMED INTO A TYPE WE CAN USE TO POWER OUR CELLS (KINETIC)

• In COMBUSTION (sugar burning), we saw that heat was produced• Our usual body temp—37 C• Room temp is about 25 C• How could you use those two facts as

evidence that we produce thermal energy?• What other evidence can you think of

that thermal energy is produced in our bodies?

• Any similarities between the processes we do and the burning of the marshmallow?

• CELLULAR RESPIRATION is very similar to the marshmallow burning—same inputs and outputs Glucose and O2 CO2 + H2O and ENERGY

• About 60% of the energy released during CELLULAR RESPIRATION is released as thermal energy.

• The other 40% is available to the cell as usable energy for the activities that cells perform.

CHEMICAL ENERGY 40

THERMAL ENERGY

ATP IN A CELL

CHEMICAL ENERGY

Building glucose requires energy as an INPUT

GlucoseCarbon dioxide

molecules

Breaking glucose releases energy as an OUTPUT

Kinetic energy

Kinetic energy

Kinetic energyKinetic energy

Kinetic energy

Kinetic energy

60% will be lost right away as heat/thermal and 40% will be converted to a “useful” form of energy--ATP

SO…WHAT IS ATP?ATP IS ACTUALLY OUR ENERGY MOLECULE—NOT FOOD-EVEN THOUGH WE SAY FOOD IS OUR ENERGY

WHY ATP? SODA MACHINE ANALOGY1 GLUCOSE= 38 ATP’S

• In your body, there is actually a step between the chemical energy in glucose being transferred to useful kinetic energy in a muscle cell. Instead, your body first uses the chemical energy in glucose to build a molecule called ATP

What is ATP?

Ribose

Adenine

Phosphate groups

Ribose

Adenine

ATP consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.

Tri (3)“T”

ADENOSINE“A”

PHOSPHATE“P”

ATP and energy used by cells

• Cells use energy stored in the form of a molecule called ATP

• All other sources of energy must be converted and stored in molecules of ATP to be used by cells

P

ADENOSINE“A”

PHOSPHATE“P”

P

Adenosine (A)1 phosphate (P)

“mono-phosphate”

P

P P

Adenosine (A)2 phosphates (P)“di-phosphate”

Adenosine (A)1 phosphate (P)

“mono-phosphate”

P

P P

P P P

Adenosine (A)3 phosphates (P)“tri-phosphate”

Adenosine (A)2 phosphates (P)“di-phosphate”

Adenosine (A)1 phosphate (P)

“mono-phosphate”

P

P P

P P P

AMP“mono-phosphate”

ATP“tri-phosphate”

ADP“di-phosphate”

Note: you do NOT need to memorize names of these molecules

P P P

ATP(Adenosine triphosphate)

The molecular diagrams and names are to help you visualize the processes and help you put the concepts into a context

Building ATP requires energy as an INPUT

P P P

Breaking ATP releases energy as an OUTPUT

P P PKinetic energy

ATP has more stored energy (potential energy) than ADP

P P P

MOREstored energy

ATP has more stored energy (potential energy) than ADP

P P P

LESSstored energy

ATP has more stored energy (potential energy) than ADP

P P P P P P

ATP ADP P+

MOREstored energy

LESSstored energy

P P P

P P P

CHEMICALENERGY

INPUTENERGY

FOR CELLULARWORK

OUTPUT

MOREstored energy

ATP

ADP P+

LESSstored energy

ATP cycles between ADP and ATP as chemical energy is converted into energy for cellular work

P P P

P P P

CHEMICALENERGY

INPUTENERGY

FOR CELLULARWORK

OUTPUT

LIGHTENERGY

INPUTCHEMICAL

ENERGY

OUTPUT

MOREstored energy

Glucose

Carbon dioxide

LESSstored energy

P P P

P P P

CHEMICALENERGY

INPUTENERGY

FOR CELLULARWORK

OUTPUT

MOREstored energy

ATP

ADP P+

LESSstored energy

LIGHTENERGY

CHEMICALENERGY

Glucose

Carbon dioxide

P P P

P P P

ENERGYFOR CELLULAR

WORK

ATP

ADP P+

Matter cycles as energy is transformed

CO2

Glucose

ADP + P

ATP

Photosynthesis

Show the transfer of stored chemical energy in glucose to useful/kinetic energy in a muscle cell

kinetic

ATP IN MUSCLE CELL

Glucose

Chemical Energy

Chemical Energy

Muscle Cell

Show the transfer of stored chemical energy in glucose all the way into the environment as thermal energy: START WITH GLUCOSE—THEN THE 40%-(TO THERMAL

Glucose

Chemical Energy

ATP in Muscle Cell

Chemical Energy

Muscle Cell

Kinetic

Muscle/ Environment

Thermal

• PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER: ENERGY IN CELLULAR RESPIRATION

1)How much energy was immediately released to the environment as thermal energy? ______%

2)How much energy was transformed into useful energy (ATP)? ______%

60

40

3) Where was the energy stored to begin with?

4) Where does all the energy ultimately end up?

In the BONDS of GLUCOSE

In the ENVIRONMENT as HEAT

Glucose

Chemical Energy

Environment

Thermal

ATP in Muscle Cell

Chemical Energy

Muscle Cell

Kinetic

Muscle/ Environment

Thermal