lvp facilities at synchrotrons: design paradigms and ...€¦ · lvp facilities at synchrotrons:...
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LVP facilities at synchrotrons:design paradigms and future prospects
Yanbin WangGSECARS, Univ. Chicago
Outline
�� LVP techniques: current status and LVP techniques: current status and developmentdevelopmentss
�� ExistingExisting facilities at 3G synchrotronsfacilities at 3G synchrotrons
�� BeamlineBeamline considerationconsiderationss
�� Upcoming LVP facilitiesUpcoming LVP facilities
�� ““IdealIdeal”” LVP LVP beamlinebeamline
Multianvil modules
Incident X rays
2θ
TC
Sample 1
Sample 2
heaterbeam
Kawai-type
DIA
Double-stage
Science in MA�� SingleSingle--stage DIA: ~(20 stage DIA: ~(20 GPaGPa, 2000K), large , 2000K), large QQ range, EDXD, ADXD range, EDXD, ADXD
(+/(+/-- SollerSoller slits)slits)�� CrystallographyCrystallography�� Transformation mechanisms (SLIP)Transformation mechanisms (SLIP)�� Density by absorptionDensity by absorption�� EXAFSEXAFS (high energies)(high energies)�� Acoustic velocitiesAcoustic velocities
�� SingleSingle--stage Kawai: ~(30 stage Kawai: ~(30 GPaGPa, 3000K), limited , 3000K), limited QQ, , mostly EDXD, mostly EDXD, offline cells transferableoffline cells transferable�� ““In situ petrologyIn situ petrology””�� PP--VV--TT�� KineticsKinetics�� Melting Melting �� Acoustic velocitiesAcoustic velocities
�� DoubleDouble--stage: ~(80 stage: ~(80 GPaGPa, >2000K), limited , >2000K), limited QQ range, mostly EDXDrange, mostly EDXD�� Lower mantleLower mantle�� Potential crystallography (CAESAR diffraction)Potential crystallography (CAESAR diffraction)�� Acoustic velocitiesAcoustic velocities
Opposed anvil modules
Drickamer Gotoh et al., 2006
Toroidal / PE cell Klotz et al., 2004
Science in OA
�� PE: ~(20 PE: ~(20 GPaGPa, 2000 K), large , 2000 K), large QQ range, mostly range, mostly ADXD (w/ ADXD (w/ SollerSoller slits)slits)�� CrystallographyCrystallography
�� Melt structureMelt structure
�� EXAFSEXAFS
�� Acoustic velocitiesAcoustic velocities
�� DrickamerDrickamer: ~(60 : ~(60 GPaGPa, 2500 K), limited , 2500 K), limited QQ range, range, mostly EDXDmostly EDXD�� PP--T explorationT exploration
�� Potential Potential rheologyrheology studiesstudies
“Specialty” modules
Deformation DIA (D-DIA)(Wang et al., 2003)
RDA (Yamazaki & Karato, 2001)High-P tomography (Wang et al., 2005)
Science in D-DIA and HPXTM
�� DD--DIA: EDXD & ADXDDIA: EDXD & ADXD�� RheologyRheology of crystalline materialsof crystalline materials�� Controlled hydrostatic experimentsControlled hydrostatic experiments�� Acoustic velocitiesAcoustic velocities
�� HPXTM: mono imaging + EDXDHPXTM: mono imaging + EDXD�� Spatial resolution: currently 4Spatial resolution: currently 4-- 5 5
micronsmicrons�� Direct volume imaging on nonDirect volume imaging on non--
crystalline materials (crystalline materials (eoseos))�� Shear induced texture evolutionShear induced texture evolution
�� Partial meltingPartial melting�� Melt percolationMelt percolation�� Porosity Porosity
New directions: going large
SD or cBN “filler”
(14 mm)
Wang et al., ’05 COMPRES Annual meeting
Large D-DIA at GRC
�� 1500 t capacity1500 t capacity
�� ~10 mm diff ram travel~10 mm diff ram travel
�� All anvil displacementAll anvil displacementssencodedencoded
�� ServoServo--control control
New directions: going small
80 mm
WC anvil/wedge
Uwatoko et al., 2007
~300 mm
Nishiyama et al., 2007
New directions: DAC in LVP
0
5
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15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0 10 20 30 40 50
Main ram Load, Tonf
Pt P
ress
ure,
GPa
Pressure
Differential rams on
D-DIA6 test
Wang et al., 2005
Irifune et al., 2007
diamond
diamond
1 mm
PR
ES
SU
RE
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 200 400 600 800
PRESSURE/ GPa
SCD (Ib)
SD
LOAD,ton
300K����
LVP at 3G synchrotrons: SPring-8
�� BL04B1: Bending magnetBL04B1: Bending magnet
�� Two 1500 t presses, SPEED MKTwo 1500 t presses, SPEED MK--II has II has oscillating capabilityoscillating capability
�� DoubleDouble--stage onlystage only
�� FullFull--time operation (2 time operation (2 beamlinebeamline scientists)scientists)
�� Exclusively EDXDExclusively EDXD
�� ADXD plannedADXD planned
�� ImagingImaging
LVP at 3G synchrotrons: Spring-8
�� BeamlinesBeamlines BL14B1 and 22XUBL14B1 and 22XU
�� BL22XU BL22XU UndulatorUndulator (period 26 mm, length 5 mm, (period 26 mm, length 5 mm, ? T, 18.9 kW)? T, 18.9 kW)
�� SingleSingle--stage Dstage DIA IA devicdevices (SMAP)es (SMAP)
�� PE cellPE cell
�� EDXD, ADXD, absorptionEDXD, ADXD, absorption
�� “Private” (JAEA)“Private” (JAEA)
LVP at 3G synchrotrons: ESRF�� ID27: Wiggler (period 70 mm, 1 TID27: Wiggler (period 70 mm, 1 T,, min gap 16 min gap 16
mm) and 2 mm) and 2 undulatorsundulators (periods 40/35 mm, (periods 40/35 mm, 0.52/0.47 T, min gap 16 mm)0.52/0.47 T, min gap 16 mm)
�� Two stations, PE and Two stations, PE and DACsDACs
�� ADXD (EDXD phasing out)ADXD (EDXD phasing out)
�� FullFull--time operationtime operation
LVP at DESY
�� DORISDORIS--III, III, BeamlineBeamline HARWIHARWI--II (GFZ)II (GFZ)
�� “Hard x ray wiggler” (period 110 mm, “Hard x ray wiggler” (period 110 mm, length 4 m, 1.98 T, 29 kW)length 4 m, 1.98 T, 29 kW)
�� 1700 t 1700 t (?) (?) press (MAX200x)press (MAX200x)
�� DoubleDouble--stagestage onlyonly
�� EDXDEDXD onlyonly
�� ImagingImaging
LVP at 3D synchrotrons: APS�� 1313--IDID--D: APS D: APS undulatorundulator A (period 33 mm, length A (period 33 mm, length
2.4 m, 0.849 T)2.4 m, 0.849 T)�� Tapered gap for white beam operationTapered gap for white beam operation�� 1000 t1000 t press, Tpress, T--25, DIA, 25, DIA, toroidaltoroidal�� Modified cubic anvil moduleModified cubic anvil module (planned)(planned)�� Mostly Mostly EDXDEDXD�� “CAESAR” diffraction“CAESAR” diffraction�� ImagingImaging�� UltrasonicsUltrasonics�� Shared w/ DAC Shared w/ DAC
LVP at 3G synchrotrons: APS
�� 1313--BMBM--D: bending magnetD: bending magnet
�� 250 t press, interchangeable modules250 t press, interchangeable modules
�� ADXD, EDXDADXD, EDXD
�� RadiographyRadiography
�� TomographyTomography
�� UltrasonicsUltrasonics
�� Shared w/ DAC, Shared w/ DAC, tomotomo, EXAFS, EXAFS
Beamline considerations
�� High bHigh brillianrilliancece at high energiesat high energies�� Diffraction modeDiffraction mode
�� EDXD: “smooth” spectrumEDXD: “smooth” spectrum�� Wiggler v. tapered Wiggler v. tapered undulatorundulator�� SingleSingle-- v. mv. multiulti--element detectorselement detectors
�� ADXD: tunable in energyADXD: tunable in energy�� Mono: max. energy and resolutionMono: max. energy and resolution�� CollimationCollimation�� Focusing/defocusing?Focusing/defocusing?
�� Beam size: iBeam size: imagingmaging requirementrequirement�� Compatibility with diffraction side collimationCompatibility with diffraction side collimation
�� Switching between white and mono modeSwitching between white and mono mode
DIAMOND
SOLEIL
The source
ESRF
APS
Spring-8
NSLS-II
PETRA-III
EDXD: toward megabarEDXD: toward megabar
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Load (MN)
Pre
ssur
e (G
Pa)
M456-EI (AT)
M413-YT (AT)
M138-EI (MJ)
M056-YS (AT)
S432-EI (MJ)
Jun 2003
Nov 1998
Feb 2004
Jul 2006
Dec 2006
MJ: MgO/ Jamieson et al. (1998)AT: Au/ Tsuchiya (2003)
Room temperatureSintered diamond anvils14 mm cube, TEL = 1.5 mm
Ak-Pv: Hirose et al. (2001)/ ATPv-PPv: Hirose et al. (2006), dark line/ AT; pale l ine, MgO/ Speziale et al. (2001)
0
10 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
0 2 0 40 6 0 8 0 10 0 120 14 0 16 0
Pressure (GPa)
Tem
pera
ture
(K
)
Outer Core
Upper Mantle
Lower MantleA
k-Pv
Pv-
PP
v
Tange et al., 2007
EDXD detectors and control�� SolidSolid--state detector:state detector:
�� SingleSingle-- v.v. multimulti--elementelement
�� Fixed twoFixed two--theta arms (SPringtheta arms (SPring--8)8)�� Vertical (phasing out)Vertical (phasing out)�� HorizontalHorizontal�� Centering fixed (curved rails)Centering fixed (curved rails)
�� ““Virtual Virtual goniometergoniometer”” (GSECARS)(GSECARS)�� Linear stages and rotationsLinear stages and rotations�� Continuous solidContinuous solid--angle coverageangle coverage�� ““AnyAny”” inclination angle inclination angle �� Any detector (CCD, IP)Any detector (CCD, IP)�� Centering variableCentering variable�� ““CAESARCAESAR”” scanscan
�� Conical slits w/ multiConical slits w/ multi--element (NSLS) element (NSLS)
CAESAR: scanning EDXD
2θ
Dw i
w d
Intensity correction: geometric effect
Wang et al., 2004
~ 20 GPa
CaSiO3 pv: data and Reitveld refinement
EDS
ADSPb Kα1
Pb Kα2
Geescape
Cmcm
Pm-3m
Uchida et al., in prep.
CAESAR: pattern recognition
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
3 4 5 6 7 8 90
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
3 4 5 6 7 8 9Two theta, deg.
Uchida et al., in prep.
E
ADXD: w/o diffraction side collimation
X-rays
ψ
(a) Cross section of the D-DIA
2θ
Al2O3
Al2O3
Al2O3
Al2O3
CsCl
(c) X-ray radiography
(b) X-ray diffraction
2θθθθ
Mono X-rays
CCD
ADXD w/ diffraction side collimationMostly used for DIA and PE
Mesouar et al., 2002
(Le Godec et al., 2006)
Diffraction through anvils
Coming LVP facilities at 3G sources:ESRF
�� ID06, under constructionID06, under construction
�� 2000 t press, large D2000 t press, large D--DIA moduleDIA module
�� Exclusively ADXDExclusively ADXD
�� Shared w/ instrument testingShared w/ instrument testing
Coming LVP facilities: Diamond
�� I15: superconducting multiI15: superconducting multi--pole wiggler pole wiggler (period 60 mm, length 1.5 m, 3.5 T, 29.6 (period 60 mm, length 1.5 m, 3.5 T, 29.6 kW)kW)
�� TTwo stationswo stations
�� PE and PE and DACsDACs
�� ADXD and EDXDADXD and EDXD
�� IP, CCD, SSDIP, CCD, SSD
Clark et al., 2002
Coming LVP facilities: SOLEIL�� ID3C: multiID3C: multi--pole superconducting wiggler pole superconducting wiggler
(period 44 mm, length 1.85 m, 2.6 T, 30 (period 44 mm, length 1.85 m, 2.6 T, 30 kW)kW)
�� White beam hutchWhite beam hutch�� PE and MA press (?) PE and MA press (?)
�� Mono beam hutchMono beam hutch�� MicroMicro--focusing hutchfocusing hutch
�� DAC and PE (?)DAC and PE (?)�� Shared w/ tomographyShared w/ tomography
Marcouille et al., 2002
Coming LVP facilities at 3G sources: PETRA-III
�� No home No home beamlinesbeamlines
�� Portable only (PE)Portable only (PE)
�� DACsDACs
“ Ideal ” LVP user facility� Can we predict what’s needed in 10 yrs?� Source: dedicated v. shared
� Time: BL04B1 (100%), ID06 (~70%), ID27 & X17B2 (LVP-DAC sharing), PETRA-III (no home beamline)
� Stations: GSECARS (ID, BM), PETRA-III� “Dedicated” (2 LVP systems in 2 stations)
� Operation: “designer-driven” v. “user-driven”� ID06, BL04B1 v. GSECARS� User driven, encourage new techniques
� Pressure modules: “Excalibur” v. “Swiss-army-knife”� Reliability v. flexibility� Explorative v. refinement� Decouple press from modules� Kawaii and double-stage� Portable devices taking advantages of other beamlines
� Diffraction mode: EDXD v. ADXD� BL04B1, ID27&ID06� Keep both, switchable, flexible detector support� Mono beam energies to 100 keV, with area detectors� CAESAR diffraction with Ge “strip” multi-element detectors?
Support labs
�� Synthesis facility (environmental control, Synthesis facility (environmental control, piston cylinder)piston cylinder)
�� Micromachining facilityMicromachining facility
�� Sample preparation (sintering, polishing, Sample preparation (sintering, polishing, assembling, etc.)assembling, etc.)
�� Easy access to sample analysis facilities Easy access to sample analysis facilities (micro(micro--focus xfocus x--ray, microprobe, FIB, ray, microprobe, FIB, S/TEM) S/TEM)
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