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2
STAN WALERCZYK’S BIO• 21 years experience
– Distribution, maintenance, installer, retrofit contractor, fixture designer, consultant, lighting designer, policy maker, researcher
• 500+ projects
• 30+ published articles
• 600+ seminars
• IESNA Member 1995 - 2008– Currently on Spectral Effects Committee
• Certified Lighting Energy Professional by AEE– CLEP Review Board member
• Lighting Certified by NCQLP
• Consultant for California Title 20 and Federal EPACT
• Consultant for Army Corp of Engineers CERL
• Assisted on DOE spectrally enhanced lighting research
• DOE CALiPER Guidance Committee member
3
LITTLE TIME
LOTS OF SLIDES• Since you have access to this
presentation, I will skim over some
slides that you can get the information
on your own
• But please still ask questions when we
are on a topic
4
NO
ENDORSEMENTS• Although several manufacturers and
models are listed, none are endorsed
• Easier to talk about specifics than
generalities
5
WOW FACTOR• Because LEDs are new and different, they
have the WOW factor much more than most
other lighting technologies
– But that not necessarily make them better with
regard to performance and cost effectiveness
• Early adopter manufacturers, specifiers,
contractors and end-customers are
important, but care should be taken not go
overboard
6
Although some chips have better LPW without
heat losses, other chips perform better in real
life applications
CHIP FIXTURE
WITHOUT DRIVER OR
TEMPERATURE
LOSSES
AT STEADY STATE
TEMPERATURE
INCLUDING FIXTURE
EFFICIENCY
PAST 70 40
2009 100 70
2010 120-130 90-100
2011 150- 160 120-130
LED APPROXIMATE LUMENS PER WATT
TIME
FRAME
8
LIFE• LEDs
– Interior LED products are expected to last 30,000 -50,000 hours, while still maintaining 70% of initial lumens
• Although that is based on good science, it is still projections
– Currently LEDs are tested for 6,000 hours, and life is based on extrapolating that info
– Within TM21 the IES is considering that life should not be extrapolated more than 6 times testing duration
– One advantage of LEDs is that they can be turned on and off very frequently without shortening lamp life
• In fact it may help increase life, because run cooler
– LED chips are usually not the weakest link• Drivers and other components are
9
WHAT ABOUT
LONG TERM MAINTENANCE?• Look longer than just rated life of LED fixtures
– An LED fixture can look good up to its 50,000 hour life compared to high performance incumbent technologies
• At 24/7 operation, that is less than 6 years
• At typical open office operation that is about 14 years
• At typical individual officer operation that is over 16 years
• Often spaces get a remodel about 10, 15 or 20 years
– Although LED pricing should come down dramatically over time, there are still driver and maybe costs for heat sinks, etc
• So let’s say that the parts cost down the road may be half of what it is now
– So if an LED fixture costs $350 now, the retrofit or replacement parts down the road may be half of that, which would be $175
10
WHAT ABOUT
LONG TERM MAINTENANCE?
• Using 1.5 times, which is also 150%, of rated life can be very useful evaluating the cost effectiveness of LED fixtures compared to existing and high performance incumbent technology fixtures
11
WHAT ABOUT
LONG TERM MAINTENANCE?• Fluorescent and HID fixtures can easily and cost
effectively get new lamps and ballasts to last decades– For example, parts and labor for a 2F32T8 fixture
• Group relamping every 25,000 hours may cost $10
• Group reballasting every 50,000 hours may cost $40
• $60 total at 50,000 hours with brand new lamps and ballast
• $120 total at 100,000 hours with brand new lamps and ballasts
12
WHAT ABOUT
LONG TERM MAINTENANCE?
• Really important to try to get LED fixtures that are
modular with easily replaceable LEDs and drivers
– And try to get LED troffers that you do not have to move
adjacent ceilings and have to work on fixture above T-
bar ceiling, which can take longer and be more a
dirt/dust problem
• With throw-away LED fixtures, make sure to
recycle the pounds of valuable metal used for heat
sinking
13
WHAT ABOUT
LONG TERM LIGHT LEVELS?• LEDs maintain 70% of initial lumens at end of rated life (L70)
– Without some kind of control system, it will typically be
• Overlit to begin with so sufficient light at end of life
– Overlighting also uses additional wattage
• If proper light levels initially, there will usually be insufficient light at end of life
• Retrofit or replace significantly earlier than rated life
– Which increases parts and labor costs
– Some kind of photocontrol,digital timer or central control system controlling light levels may work very well
• But added cost and reliability would have to be evaluated
• There is a good chance that some LEDs will die before end of life, which can further reduce light levels
14
LIFE• LED
– Since LEDs typically do not die, like most incumbent lamps, but just get dimmer and dimmer over time
• In this way LEDs are like mercury vapor, which an old 1000 watter may only provide 5 footcandles, but maintenance people do not want to replace them, because the lamps are still working
– There are already a bunch of first generation LED exit signs that still work, but do not provide sufficient light based on NFPA and/or city codes
• People are hesitant to replace or retrofit these, because they are still working
– But there could be some big time lawsuits against the building owner, property management firm, etc. if people have a hard time getting out of a building during a fire or power outage
– With LEDs facility managers and maintenance people will have to be educated and motivated to retrofit or replace LED fixtures when they do not provide sufficient light
• Maybe LED fixtures could have internal timers, which makes the lamps flash on and off after so many hours
15
LED NOW OR LATER• If LED fixtures and kits will be so much
better and less expensive in a few years should you buy them now or wait?
– Let’s use the computer analogy
– So, if your existing system is in good shape and fairly efficient, maybe wait
– But if your existing system is not in the best shape or is not efficient, probably buy
– For new construction, since have to buy something anyway, LED fixtures are usually already cost effective
16
FTC ACTION• www.ftc.gov/opa/2010/09/lightsofamerica.shtm
• Manufacturers have recently begun selling LED bulbs for
household use because they are a higher-efficiency,
longer-lasting alternative to incandescent and compact
fluorescent bulbs. Although the initial price tag may be
higher, well-designed and manufactured LED bulbs save on
energy costs and last much longer than other types of light
bulbs.
• The FTC alleges that in many instances, Lights of
America’s LED bulbs produced significantly less light, as
measured in lumens, than the company claimed in its
promotional materials. For example, one bulb was
promoted as producing 90 lumens of light output, but Lights
of America’s own tests showed it produced only 43 lumens.
17
FTC ACTION• FTC Shines a Light on Company’s Deceptive Claims for its
LED Bulbs
• Agency Charges Firm With Misrepresenting the Light Output and Life Expectancy of its Bulbs
• The Federal Trade Commission has sued a California-based light bulb manufacturer and its principals to stop them from misleading consumers by exaggerating the light output and life expectancy of its Light Emitting Diode (LED) bulbs.
• As part of the FTC’s continuing work to stop deceptive advertising, the agency filed a complaint charging that since 2008, Lights of America, Inc. has overstated the light output and life expectancy of its LED bulbs on packages and in brochures. The agency also charges that Lights of America misled consumers about how the brightness of its LED bulbs compares to traditional incandescent lights.
18
FTC ACTION• Also, in many cases, Lights of America deceptively
compared the brightness of its LED light bulbs with incandescent bulbs, the FTC alleges. For example, the firm claimed that one of its LED lantern bulbs could replace a 40-watt incandescent bulb. However, while the typical 40-watt incandescent bulb produces about 400 lumens, the Lights of America LED bulb produced only 74 lumens.
• Moreover, the FTC complaint states that in many instances, Lights of America’s LED bulbs would not last as long as the company’s promotional materials said they would. In one case, for example, the firm said that one of its LED recessed bulbs would last 30,000 hours. Independent tests, however, showed that the bulb would not last as long as claimed because it lost 80 percent of its light output after only 1,000 hours.
19
LM79
• Important to get signed LM-79 report
from a DOE or NVLAP approved or
CALiPER recognized lab
– Other files, including internally generated
software files, don’t cut it
20
UPCOMING OPPORTUNITIES
• Federal Phase Outs
– Fluorescent
• 2012 Basic grade T8 & T12 lamps– High performance T8 lamps and ballasts cost
less than high lumen T12s and electronic ballasts for them
– Incandescent
• 2012 100W
• 2013 75W
• 2014 40W & 60W
22
DECORATIVE• Christmas/decorative lights
– LED versions are becoming a no brainer
• Small lamps in chandeliers– Usually sparkle is important, and the amount of light is not critical
– Although there are decorative shaped CFLs with small bases, which last much longer than incandescents, with white phosphor - No Sparkle
– There are decorative LEDs available with small bases that have long life and sparkle
• When getting these types of LED lights– Get ones with good warranties
– Especially from big box stores. check with them if they require lumen maintenance tests before they carry certain products
24
OMNI-DIRECTIONAL
• Until we get at least L Prize winner and prices really come down, probably better off in most applications with screw-in CFLs, which can often only cost $.25
• Hopefully Philips will win first L Prize in 1st quarter of 2011
25
NEW KID ON THE BLOCK• Vu1 Technology
– www.vu1.com
• This is not an incumbent, but another new lighting technology, which is not considered solid state by the DOE
• Interesting to see if it really becomes a cost effective solution
27
LED ACCENT LIGHTS• Good, Bad and Ugly
– Some good products
– Some not so good with honest specifications
– Some not so good with way over zealous marketing hype
– Verified in various CALiPER Rounds
• Cool
– Since LEDs do not emit any heat from the light side, they can be very good lighting flowers, produce, etc. without damaging them
28
LED MR16s• Best LED MR16s that DOE has tested so far can only
replace up to 20W halogen MR16
– MR16s are on the small side for higher wattage LEDs to be able to
dissipate sufficient heat
– Most halogen MR16s are 50W standard or 35 - 37W infrared
– Existing LED MR16s may work fine in
• Overlit applications
• Elevators, which are often overlit
• Some aesthetic applications, where light levels not that important
• Check if existing and new step down transformers will work
with LED MR16s, because LED MR16s are such low
wattage and will not activate step down transformers
29
HALOGEN MR16s• If existing are standard halogen
– Can switch to lower wattage halogen infrareds
• For example, 50W to 35 - 37W
• If existing are halogen infrareds
– Maybe keep for 1- 2 years
• LED MR16s should be cost effective for many
applications in 1 - 2 years
30
LED R or PAR 20, 30 & 38
• The larger the lamp, the easier it is to dissipate heat
• If can use larger lamp, go with it
• There are some LED reflector lamps without any cooling fins
– Do not even think of buying
• Some retail chain stores have already started switching to good LED reflector lamps
31
LED R or PAR 20, 30 & 38
• One good one is Cree’s LRP38– 2009 Lighting For Tomorrow Solid State Lighting
Competition Special Focus Award For Technical Innovation
• 537 lumens
• 11W
• 50 lumens per watt
• 93 CRI
• 2700K
32
LED R or PAR 20, 30 & 38
• MSI iPAR-38 looks very interesting
– www.msissl.com
– Technology for adjustable • 10W with 550 lumens
• 12W with 650 lumens
• 16W with 800 lumens
– Proprietary Intelligent Communication• Type of bar code reader can provide
– Manufacturing info
– Installation info
– Hours of use
– Wattage setting
33
LED R or PAR 20, 30 & 38
• LED R or PAR38s will really be ready for prime time after there is at least one winner of the L Prize in this category
35
HALOGEN PAR 20, 30 & 38
• Just like MR16s, there are halogen infrared
PAR lamps
– Which can save 10 - 20 watts compared to
standard halogens
• If standard halogens now, maybe go with
halogen infrared now and wait 1 - 2 years to
go with LEDs
37
LED
• Recessed cans for residential and
commercial are a great application for LEDs
– Majority of ENERGY STAR LED products are
recessed cans
38
LED• Cree LR6 family
– Original award winning kit has been around for a while• Pricing is now about $70 from distribution
• Finally also available in 277V
– Now also LR6-DR1000 higher lumen and higher wattage version available
• 2009 Lighting For Tomorrow Solid State Lighting Competition Grand Prize
– Later this year or next year LR6-HE high efficiency version should be available
• 109 lumens per watt out of the fixture
– Probably better than anything else out of the fixture
• 2009 Lighting For Tomorrow Solid State Lighting Competition Special Focus Award For High Efficacy
40
LED2009 Next Generation Luminaires Design Competition
Recognized Winners - Indoor - Downlighting
• Philips Lightolier’s Calculite – 1048 lumens
– 19.6 watts
– 53.6 lumens per watt
• Edison Price Lighting’s LED Round OS DL/5-800 – 653 lumens
– 14.7 watts
– 44.4 lumens per watt
41
LED2009 Next Generation Luminaires Design Competition
Recognized Winners - Indoor - Downlighting
• Sea Gull Lighting / Juice Works’
LED Surface Mount Downlight – 610 lumens
– 14.0 watts
– 43.6 lumens per watt
– Downlight, but not recessed can
• Cooper Lighting’s Halo LED 900– 740 lumens
– 14.1 watts
– 52.5 lumens per watt
42
LED2009 Next Generation Luminaires Design Competition
Recognized Winners - Indoor - Downlighting
• Intense Lighting’s SS4– 655 lumens
– 15.0 watts
– 43.7 lumens per watt
• Cree’s LR6-DR1000– 1020 lumens
– 11.9 watts
– 85.7 lumens per watt
– Same picture as before
43
LED• When do not need a lot of light, often
prefer getting a basic grade can with screw-in or GU24 base and use good LED PAR38
– Because then no potential problem down the road trying to replace LEDs and drivers in dedicated LED recessed cans
45
LED T8s• There are hordes of sales people trying to
sell these, because of potential huge volume and profit
– Often Pinocchio-nose marketing hype
• But so neither the DOE or I have seen any nearly as good as high performance fluorescent T8s with high performance ballasts
• Lamp cost can often range from $40 to $150 with proposed up to 50,000 hour realistic life
46
LED T8s• How they are connected
– Some use existing fluorescent ballast, which consumes extra wattage, and the ballast would have to be replaced when it burns out
• Ballasts typically have a 50,000 - 60,000 hour rated life
– Some have internal driver, which requires removing existing fluorescent ballast and rewiring to lamp holders
• May void UL listing of fixture
– Some come with their external drivers
47
3 HR 12 HR 3 HR 12 HR
1st GENERATION - GENERIC 32 2800 75-78 2800 75-781.7 -
<10
15,000 -
24,000
20,000 -
30,000
20,000 -
30,000
24,000 -
36,000
2nd GENERATION -
GENERIC32 2950 81-85
2800 -
295080-85
1.7 -
<10
15,000 -
24,000
20,000 -
30,000
20,000 -
30,000
24,000 -
36,000
GE HL 32 3100 82 3000 80 3.95 25,000 36,000 36,000 42,000
GE SXL 32 2850 81+ 2750 80 3.95 31,000 40,000 40,000 46,000
PHILIPS ADV 32 3100 85 3100 82 1.7 24,000 30,000 30,000 36,000
PHILIPS PLUS 32 2950 85 2850 82 1.7 30,000 36,000 36,000 42,000
PHILIPS ADV XLL 32 2950 85 2850 82 1.7 36,000 40,000 40,000 46,000
SYLVANIA XP 32 3000 85 2850 85 2.9 24,000 40,000 40,000 42,000
SYLVANIA XPS 32 3100 85 3100 81 2.9 24,000 40,000 40,000 42,000
SYLVANIA XP/XL 32 2950 85 2900 80 3.5 36,000 50,000 52,000 55,000
GE SPX 28W 28 2725 82 2625 80 3.95 24,000 30,000 36,000 42,000
PHILIPS ADV 28W 28 2725 85 2675 82 1.7 24,000 30,000 30,000 36,000
SYLVANIA XP 28W 28 2725 85 2650 80 2.9 24,000 40,000 40,000 42,000
SYLVANIA XP XL 28W 28 2600 85 2600 80 3.5 36,000 50,000 52,000 55,000
GE SPX 25W 25 2400 85 2350 80 3.95 36,000 40,000 40,000 46,000
PHILIPS ADV 25W 25 2500 85 2400 85 1.7 24,000 30,000 30,000 36,000
PHILIPS ADV XLL 25W 25 2400 85 2350 82 1.7 36,000 40,000 40,000 46,000
SYLVANIA XP 25W 25 2475 85 2400 80 2.9 24,000 40,000 40,000 42,000
SYLVANIA XP XL 25W 25 2475 85 2400 80 3.5 36,000 50,000 52,000 55,000
F28T5 25-28 2900+ 85 2750+ 851.4 -
2.5* *
20,000 -
30,000
25000 -
40,000
F54T5HO 49-54 5000 85 4800+ 851.4 -
2.5* *
20,000 -
30,000
25000 -
40,000Lamp manufacturers may alter rated lamp life and lumen specifications, so get updates from manufacturers.
Prepared by Stan Walercyk of Lighing Wizards 7/15/10 version. www.lightingwizards.com
CATALOG
LUMENSCRI
MAX
MG
OF HG
4' T8 LAMP LIFE, LUMENS, CRI & MERCURY
INSTANT START PROGRAM STARTLAMP WATTS
3000-4100K
CATALOG
LUMENSCRI
5000K LAMP LIFE HOURS
48
4' lamp type
initial
catalog or
photopic
lamp
lumens
lamp
watts
lamp
lumens
per
lamp
watts
lamp
quant
ballast
type
standard
ballast
factor
system
watts
initial
system
lumens
initial
system
lumens
per watt
mean or
8000 hour
lumen
maint-
enance
mean or
8000 hour
system
lumens
mean or
8000 hour
system
lumens per
watt
3100 32 96.9 2 EE IS 0.87 53 5394 101.8 95% 5124 96.7
3100 32 96.9 2 EE PS 1.15 70 7130 101.9 95% 6774 96.8
3100 32 96.9 2 G IS 0.87 58 5394 93.0 95% 5124 88.4
2950 32 92.2 2 EE IS 0.87 53 5133 96.8 95% 4876 92.0
2950 32 92.2 2 G IS 0.87 58 5133 88.5 95% 4876 84.1
2800 32 87.5 2 EE IS 0.87 53 4872 91.9 95% 4628 87.3
2800 32 87.5 2 G IS 0.87 58 4872 84.0 95% 4628 79.8
2850 30 95.0 2 EE IS 0.87 51 4959 97.2 95% 4711 92.4
2850 30 95.0 2 G IS 0.87 55 4959 90.2 95% 4711 85.7
2750 28 98.2 2 EE IS 0.87 48 4785 99.7 95% 4546 94.7
2750 28 98.2 2 G IS 0.87 51 4785 93.8 95% 4546 89.1
2440 25 97.6 2 EE IS 0.87 42 4246 101.1 95% 4033 96.0
2440 25 97.6 2 G IS 0.87 47 4246 90.3 95% 4033 85.8
2400 25 96.0 2 EE IS 0.87 42 4176 99.4 95% 3967 94.5
2400 25 96.0 2 G IS 0.87 47 4176 88.9 95% 3967 84.4
high lumen F28T5 3050 28 108.9 2 EE PS 0.95 58 5795 99.9 93% 5389 92.9
typical F28T5 2900 28 103.6 2 PS 1.00 64 5800 90.6 93% 5394 84.3
26W F28T5 2900 26 111.5 2 EE PS 0.95 55 5510 100.2 92% 5069 92.2
26W high lumen F28T5 3050 26 117.3 2 EE PS 1.15 67 7015 104.7 92% 6454 96.3
51W F54T5HO 5000 51 98.0 2 EE PS 1.00 108 10000 92.6 92% 9200 85.2
typical F54T5HO 5000 54 92.6 2 PS 1.00 117 10000 85.5 93% 9300 79.5
F34T12 800 3100 34 91.2 2 RS E 0.85 60 5270 87.8 93% 4901 81.7
F34T12 CW 2650 34 77.9 2 RS M 0.88 72 4664 64.8 87% 4058 56.4
4' LINEAR FLUORESCENT EFFICACY TABLE
notes: Lumens, lumen maintenance, ballast factors and wattages may vary among various manufacturers.
high performance F32T8
extra long life 2950
lumen F32T8
basic grade F32T8
30W F32T8
28W F32T8
25W F32T8
Prepared by Stan Walerczyk of Lighting Wizards www.lightingwizards.com 11/11/09 version
extra long life 25W
F32T8
93% is used as an average EOL lumen maintenance for T5HOs. 90% - 94% range among manufacturers.All wattages based on 277V. EE IS is extra efficient instant start. G IS is generic instant start. EE PS is extra efficient program start.
PS is program start. RS E is rapis start electronic. RS M is rapid start magnetic.
Extra long life is 36,000 hours with IS and 40,000 hours with PS ballasts at 3 hour cycles.
In enclosed fixtures, since reduced wattage F32T8s consume less heat they can often operate closer to optimal 77 degrees F
temperature, so may provide more light than this table shows compared to full wattage.
Although efficacy can be improved with IS and RS ballasts with T5s and T5HOs, lamp life can be greatly reduced and lamp
manufacturers may not warranty lamps.
50
MAYBE SOMETHING BETTER
THAN LED T8s• Kits for troffers, etc
– 2’ and 4’ long and about 1” - 2” wide LED bars
• Screwed into fixture, using fixture as a heat sink
– Driver mounted in ballast compartment
• Something like Albeo’s troffer conversion kit
– Google search ‘Albeo youtube’ for installation video
• Something like the LED bars and driver using in
the new Lithonia RT LED troffers
– www.lithonia.com/rtled
52
LED• One that gets frequent mention is Cree’s LR24
2x2 troffer– 2008 Lighting For Tomorrow Solid State Lighting
Competition• Honorable Mention, Efficacy
– Now 2 versions• 3200 lumens & 44W
• 3800 lumens & 52W
– Dimmable
– I have been specifying for• High profile conference rooms
– 3200W version performed very well compared to other LED and high performance T8 troffers in DOE CALiPER Round 9 Testing
53
LED• I have been recommending dimmable
LED troffers in high profile conference rooms
– Can help make a company look high tech
– Expensive, but since such a small percentage of the total project, does not ruin financial returns
54
T8 FLUORESCENT• There is a new generation of high performance
2x4 1F32T8 troffers that can be installed in typical 8x10 spacing– Depending on BF and if instant or program start extra
efficient ballast, wattage can range from 24 - 39 with direct relationship to lumens
– Manufacturers and models include• Deco DPL-C
– www.getdeco.com (but may not be in website yet)
• Finelite HPR
– www.finelite.com
– Hopefully DOE will test at least one of these with LED troffers in an upcoming CALiPER round
56
T8 FLUORESCENT• Existing 2x4 troffers can be cost effectively
retrofitted down to 1F32T8– Standard lensed troffers can often get a 1-cove white
reflector• About $55 - $60 total installed cost
– Parabolic troffers can get upscale kits• Such as ALP’s RHT kit
– www.alplighting.com/pdf/uardiac%20rht.pdf
– About $110 - $120 total installed cost
57
TROFFERS• LED troffers may cost about $350 and are rated for
50,000 hours, but may last significantly longer
• Fluorescent high performance troffers may cost $100 - $175 with ballasts rated for 60,000 - 75,000 hours and good lamps driven parallel program start ballasts, rated for 30,000 - 46,000 hours– Recommended to group relamp and reballast at 70 -
80% of rated lives
• Initial labor cost may be about the same
• This is a great time to consider– Raise the bar
– Long term maintenance costs
– Long term light levels
59
LED• LEDs could run cooler with less heat sinking
than in troffers and recessed cans
• Uniform uplight with some not too intense
downlight are challenges
• It will take a while for LED suspended
fixtures to be cost effective compared high
performance fluorescent suspended fixtures
– Now LED 4 footer may cost $300 - $400
60
T8 FLUORESCENT• Well designed suspended indirect/direct fixtures with
1F32T8 per cross section– Can provide quite low power densities
– Total installed cost often less than individual troffers
• When can have relatively long rows in new construction and gut rehabs
• One lamp per cross section is usually much better than two or three for– Optimal light distribution
• Usually batwing
– Best fixture efficiency
– Lowest wattage
– Lowest fixture cost
• Fixture cost may be $25 - $40 per linear foot depending on type of fixture, quantity, etc.
61
T8 FLUORESCENT• Make sure fixture reflectors are designed for T8s
and not for T5s/T5HOs
• There are many good manufacturers and models– For example, Finelite offers several good models,
including Series 12, 15 and 16
– These are photos of Series 12 with white cross blade
63
TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING• Task ambient lighting is having relatively low
footcandle ambient lighting and additional task lighting when and where need it
• Light levels drop off exponentially as distance increases between source and task– For example if double distance, 1/4 the footcandles
– Much less wattage getting high light levels from a task light 2’ away from task, than from ceiling fixtures 6’ away from task
• This strategy may be the most cost effective way to have very low power densities while providing good quality lighting
• In typical offices, usually .4 - .6 watts per square foot is easily attainable
64
TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING• Ambient, in offices, works very well with either
– New or retrofitted 2x4 high performance troffers that have
1 high performance & often high Kelvin 32W F32T8 and
high performance parallel wired program start ballasting
• Maybe tandem wire ballast per pair of troffers
– New or retrofitted suspended indirect/direct fixtures with 1
high performance & often high Kelvin 32W F32T8 per
cross section and high performance parallel wired
program start ballasting
• Ambient lighting can provide 10 - 20 footcandles on
desks– Often more light is worse than less light, because more light can
cause more glare and higher contrast ratios
65
TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING• Existing task
– For a long time most modular office systems had fluorescent undercabinet task lights
• But most of these fixtures
– Use way too much wattage
– Are glare bombs
» Hitting shiny paper and/or desks and then bounced into eyes
– Provide too much light
» That is why often gray scale tube guards to reduce amount of light, but still uses all of the wattage
– Often difficult to replace ballasts
» Many ballast compartments too small for standard sized extra efficient ballasts
– Sometimes still T12s with magnetic ballasts or T8s with magnetic ballasts
– There are some good CFL desk mount task lights
• But way too many people still use energy hog incandescent or quartz halogen
66
TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING• High performance LED task
– There are some very good LED task light systems
• One example is the Finelite PLS (Personal Lighting System)
– 3, 6 & 9W undercabinet fixture
» Not a glare bomb
» Uses metal shelf as a heat sink
– 3, 6 & 9W desk mount fixture
» My 6 watter provides 50 footcandles directly underneath with no other lighting contribution
– Optional occupancy sensor
– For a decent quantity
» 1 undercabinet fixture, 1 desk mount fixture, occupancy sensor, power supply and cables may cost $200 or less
– New version has the switch before the power supply, so zero wattage when fixtures are off
– For individual offices that do not have shelves over desks, often just a desk mount fixture is recommended
67
TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING• Finelite PLS
– Both undercabinets and desk mounts won 2007 Lighting For Tomorrow Awards
– Desk mount, which is also called ‘Curve’ won 2009 Next Generation Luminaires Design Competition
• Best In Class - Task Lighting
www.finelite.com/sustainability/professional-development
68
TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING• There are several other LED office task lights, including
Philips Color Kinetics UC
Luxo Air Luxo Ninety Steelcase Kast
Philips Alko Lincs100 & sensor
69
TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING• PG&E’s Emerging Technology Program’s ‘High Efficiency
Office Low Ambient / Task Lighting Pilot Project’ – www.etcc-ca.com/project-search/search-
results_m126/criteria:1/query:any/jr_endyear:2009/jr_organization:Pacific+Gas+and+Electric+%28PG%26E%29/order:alpha/page:2/limit:10/
– .66 watts per square foot
– If 5000K and high performance fixed output ballasts would have been used, that power density could have been lower
– Although dimming ballasts were used in the suspended ambient fixtures, that was for tuning, not for energy savings
– This report clearly states that it would be much more cost effective to go with fixed output instant start ballasts
• Since there are millions and millions of square feet of offices in North America and the world, reducing wattage and improving lighting is so important
70
TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING
• With good task ambient lighting the power
density can be low all of the time that
expensive and complex dimming daylight
harvesting peak load shedding systems are
not cost effective
– Even with dimming ballasts in ambient fixtures,
good task lights are usually recommended
71
$0.150 $0.05 /KWH 1st year saved rebate
fixture &
application
type
total
watts
annual
hours
annual
elect-
rical
cost
option
letterretrofit/replacement option description
total
watts
watts
per
square
foot
watts
redux
annual
elec-
trical
savings
appr.
incen-
tive
appr.
installed
cost
rated lamp
life @ 3
hour
cycles
pay-
back
just
elec-
tricity
payback
including
maintenance
savings &
worker
productivity
benefits
long
term
benefit
just elec-
tricity
long term
benefit
including
maintenance
savings &
worker
productivity
benefits
A
Retrofit each troffer with 3 25W F32T8
5000K lamps & .71 BF extra efficient
program start parallel wired ballast
112 0.93 68 $41 $14 $12030,000 -
36,0002.6 2.2 $506 $628
B
Retrofit each troffer with upscale kit which
eliminates parabolic louvers, 1 high lumen
F32T8 5000K lamp & 1.15 BF extra efficient
program start ballast
78 0.65 102 $61 $20 $23030,000 -
36,0003.4 1.9 $708 $1,443
B1
Retrofit each troffer with upscale kit which
eliminates parabolic louvers, 1 high lumen
F32T8 5000K lamp & .89 BF extra efficient
program start ballast. Also include
7W LED task light.
67 0.56 113 $68 $23 $310
30,000 -
36,000
for T8s
4.2 2.1 $730 $1,747
B2
Retrofit each troffer with upscale kit which
eliminates parabolic louvers, 1 high lumen
F32T8 5000K lamp & .71 BF extra efficient
program start ballast. Also include
2 7W LED task lights.
62 0.52 118 $71 $24 $380
30,000 -
36,000
for T8s
5.0 2.3 $706 $1,980
C
Remove both troffers. Install 8' suspended
indirect/direct fixture that has 2 high lumen
F32T8 5000K lamps & 1.15 BF extra
efficient program start ballast.
70 0.58 110 $66 $22 $41030,000 -
36,0005.9 2.7 $602 $1,790
C1
Remove both troffers. Install 8' suspended
direct/indirect fixture that has 2 high lumen
F32T8 5000K lamps & .89 BF extra efficient
instant start ballast. Also include 7W
LED task light.
63 0.53 117 $70 $23 $490
30,000 -
36,000
for T8s
6.6 2.7 $586 $2,166
C2
Remove both troffers. Install 8' suspended
direct/indirect fixture that has 2 high lumen
F32T8 5000K lamps & .71 BF extra efficient
instant start ballast. Also include 2
7W LED task lights.
60 0.50 120 $72 $24 $560
30,000 -
36,000
for T8s
7.4 2.7 $544 $2,488
F2
Retrofit each troffer with 3 15W LED T8
lamps. Also include 2 7W LED task lights to
provide sufficient light.
104 0.87 76 $46 $15 $64025,000 -
50,00013.7 8.6 $59 $470
G
Remove both troffers. Install 2 high
performance 2x2 LED troffers, set at full
41W, so sufficient light at end of life.
82 0.68 98 $59 $20 $900 50,000 15.0 9.4 $2 $531
G1
Remove both troffers. Install 2 high
performance 2x2 LED troffers, set at 34W.
Also include 7W LED task light.
75 0.63 105 $63 $21 $980 50,000 15.2 8.5 -$14 $742
G2
Remove both troffers. Install 2 high
performance 2x2 LED troffers, set at 28W.
Also include 2 7W LED task lights.
70 0.58 110 $66 $22 $1,060 50,000 15.7 8.7 -$48 $744
$108
KWH rate
existing
copyright of Stan Walerczyk of Lighting Wizards, www.lightingwizards.com, 1/10/10 version
12 x 10 x
9 office
area with
2 2x4 18
cell
parabolic
troffers,
each with
3 32W 700
series
20,000
hour rated
F32T8s
and
generic
.88 BF
ballasting
(1.51
watts per
square
foot)
180 4000
TYPICAL OFFICE 12' long x 10' wide x 9' high
15 years of long term benefit
proposed
73
LED vs. INDUCTION
STREETLIGHTS• The short version of my white paper is
available on my website for free
– Its eight pages has the same information that follows
– I am working on expanding it, so it will have detailed information that is not in this seminar
74
lighting
source qualifier
lamp
wattage
rated life
hours
initial
lumens
EOL lumen
mainten-
ance
EOL
lumens
(approx.)
system
wattage
(277V)
initial
lumens per
watt
EOL
lumens
per watt
fixture
efficiency
(approx.)
initial fixture
lumens per
watt
initial
fixture
lumens
EOL fixture
lumens
per watt
EOL fixture
lumens
HPSclear
lamp100
24,000 -
40,0009,500 75% 7125 130 73 55 75% 55 7125 41 5344
Sylvania 7060,000 -
100,0006,500 64% 4160 77 84 54 70% 59 4550 38 2912
Philips 8560,000 -
100,0006,000 70% 4200 85 71 49 70% 49 4200 35 2940
Sylvania 10060,000 -
100,0008,000 64% 5120 103 78 50 70% 54 5600 35 3584
Sylvania 15060,000 -
100,00012,000 64% 7680 156 77 49 70% 54 8400 34 5376
Philips 16560,000 -
100,00012,000 70% 8400 165 73 51 70% 51 8400 36 5880
4000K
350ma
50 1W
LEDs
50,000+
- 100,000NA 70% NA 67 NA NA NA 58 3866 40 2706
4000K
525ma
40 1W
LEDs
50,000+
- 100,000NA 70% NA 70 NA NA NA 61 4239 42 2967
6000K
350ma
40 1W
LEDs
50,000+
- 100,000NA 70% NA 50 NA NA NA 72 3606 50 2524
6000K
525ma
30 1W
LEDs
50,000+
- 100,000NA 70% NA 54 NA NA NA 67 3624 47 2537
Listed LED specs would provide sufficient light for minimum footcandles between fixtures and around designated perimeters, but maybe not for average footcandles.
Stan Walerczyk of Lighting Wizards www.lightingwizards.com 2/20/10 version
Listed induction fixture efficiency is better than most IES files, because includes when lamps are properly prepared and some recent fixture improvements.
4000K includes 4000 - 4500 Kelvin. Some people think that 6000K is too blue. LEDs driven at 350ma would have longer life than at 525ma.
LED fixtures are tested as complete units, not based on components.
Table does NOT include where the available lumens out of the fixture are directed. LED fixtures direct light where necessary, so fewer lumens are required.
Since Induction lamps have same or worse optical control as HPS, their EOL fixture lumens should match HPS EOL fixture lumens.
HPS, INDUCTION & LED COBRAHEAD GENERAL COMPARISON TABLE
notes
EOL is end of life. NA is not applicable. Real rated life is discussed in related white paper. HPS and LED info is generic. Induction fixture info is also generic.
100W generator is used with Sylvania 70W induction lamp. For induction EOL numbers are based on 100,000 hours, and EOL numbers would be better at 60,000.
Induction
LED
75
ISOLUX DIAGRAM FOR
TYPE II STREET LIGHTING• The following three isolux diagrams came from
PG&E for City of Santa Rosa, which the base case is 100W HPS cobraheads
• Distribution patterns and amount of footcandles would vary some what with various manufacturers and models– But general distribution patterns are pretty consistent for
HPS, induction and well designed LED cobraheads
• These are with bottom flat lensed HPS and induction cobraheads– SAG or drop lens would increase light between fixtures,
but also not be good for dark skies and light pollution on house and opposite sides
100W HPS
Calculation Summary
Label CalcType Units Avg. Max. Min. Avg/Min. Max/Min.
Layout 1_Lum L_Roadway Cd/Sq. M. 0.26 0.76 0.09 2.09 0.44
Layout 1_Ill Illuminance Fc 0.40 1.96 0.12 3.33 16.33
Layout 1_Lv L Veiling Cd/Sq. M. 0.02 0.10 0.00 N.A. N.A.
Layout 1_STV Vis. Level N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
100W HPS
85W INDUCTION
Calculation Summary
Label CalcType Units Avg. Max. Min. Avg/Min. Max/Min.
Layout 1_Lum L_Roadway Cd/Sq. M. 0.13 0.43 0.03 4.33 14.33
Layout 1_Ill Illuminance Fc 0.21 0.95 0.03 7.00 31.67
Layout 1_Lv L Veiling Cd/Sq. M. 0.01 0.03 0.00 N.A. N.A.
Layout 1_STV Vis. Level N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
70W LED
Calculation Summary
Label CalcType Units Avg. Max. Min. Avg/Min. Max/Min.
Layout 1_Lum L_Roadway Cd/Sq. M. 0.29 0.97 0.10 2.90 9.70
Layout 1_Ill Illuminance Fc 0.35 1.12 0.12 2.92 9.33
Layout 1_Lv L Veiling Cd/Sq. M. 0.03 0.12 0.00 N.A. N.A.
Layout 1_STV Vis. Level N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
79
WHAT IS BETTER THAN
LUMENS PER WATT?
Footcandles, and really footcandles where the light is necessary, per watt
80
units 85W induction 100W HPS 60 LEDs
fixture mounting height feet 28 28 28
roadway width feet 40 40 40
pole spacing feet 120 120 120illuminance - average maintained fc 0.64 0.78 0.69illuminance - maximum maintained fc 1.6 2.3 1.3illuminance - minimum maintained fc 0.1 0.3 0.4uniformity - avg/min 6.4 2.6 1.7
system power watts 85 130 71
100 x avg fc/watt 7.5 6.0 9.7
100 x min fc/watt 1.2 2.3 5.6
FOOTCANDLES PER WATT
based on the work by Chris Nye at Leotek, www.leotek.com
83
THAT’S ALL FOLKS• Contact information for Stan Walerczyk
– 925-944-9481(San Francisco Bay Area)
– stan@lightingwizards.com
– www.lightingwizards.com
• Thanks for attending
85
HELPFUL WEBSITES• Department of Energy Solid-State Lighting
– Google search ‘doe ssl’
• CALiPER test reports
• Benchmark reports
• Gateway studies
• Fact sheets
• Webinars
• More
86
HELPFUL WEBSITES• Department of Energy Solid-State Lighting
– Lighting Facts
• www.lightingfacts.com
– LEDs For Interior Applications• PDF of March 18 webcast
• www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/events_detail.html?event_id=4163
87
HELPFUL WEBSITES• Department of Energy
– Commercial Building Energy Alliances
• Technology and System Specification Development
–LED Refrigerated Case Lighting
–And there are others
• www2.eere.energy.gov/buildings/alliances/technologies.html
88
HELPFUL WEBSITES• Energy Star
– www.energystar.gov
• DesignLights Consortium SSL Qualified Product List– www.designlights.org/solidstate.about.QualifiedProductsLi
st_Publicv2.php
• L Prize– www.lightingprize.org
• Lighting For Tomorrow SSL Awards– www.lightingfortomorrow.com
• Next Generation Luminaires Design Competition– www.ngldc.org
89
HELPFUL WEBSITES• Lighting Research Center
– www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/solidstate/index.asp
• LEDs Magazine – www.ledsmagazine.com
• Architectural SSL Magazine– www.architecturalssl.com
90
HELPFUL EMAIL• Postings: From the Desk of Jim Brodrick
– About once a week
– March 16 version focused on how bad LED T8s are– www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/postings.html
– postings@lightingfacts.com
91
DON’T BUY AN LED PRODUCT UNLESS
• LM79 tested by a DOE or NVLAP approved or CALiPER
recognized lab
– This is initial lumens per watt out of fixture at steady-state operating
temperature
– Compare each product’s results with other LED product’s results
– Also compare with other technology products’ performance
• LM80 information– At least 6000 hour so lumen maintenance data for the LED package
– ENERGY STAR requires 6000 hour lumen maintenance of 94.1% for
35,000 hour life or 91.8% for 25,000 hour life
– Verify in situ temperature of the LED package in the fixture
– Lumen maintenance is just one aspect of luminaire life and reliability
92
MORE HELPFUL INFO REGARDING BUYING
LED PRODUCTS• Lean toward manufacturers that have Lighting
Facts Label, www.lightingfacts.com– With good results
• Lean toward ENERGY STAR rated products
• Lean toward manufacturers that have a proven track record and deep pockets– These manufacturers that got into LEDs early have
already learned a lot from the school of hard knocks
– These manufacturers can handle big warranty problems
93
CALiPER-tested LED T8s½ The Light Output or ½ the Luminaire Efficacy
SSL vs Fluorescent in 2' x 4' Troffers
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Luminaire Efficacy (lm/W)
Lu
min
aire
Ou
tpu
t (l
um
ens)
SSL
F32 in
Parabolic Troffer
F40 in
Lensed Troffer
Source: U.S. Department of Energy
94
LED T8s• DOE documents
– Performance of T12 and T8 Fluorescent lamps and LED Linear
Replacement Lamps
• January 2009 Benchmark Report
• Includes that since LED T8s mainly shine light down, so between
fixtures and walls can be quite dark
– CALIPER Round 9
• October 2009 Report
– LED Performance Specification Series: T8 Replacement Lamps
• Asking Manufacturers for at least 2,700 lumens
– That would require them to be 2 to 3 times more efficient than existing while
keeping their existing 15 - 20 watts
• April 2010
• http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/t8_replace
ment-lamps.pdf
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