leds vs incumbents now & future - association … ies 9-17-10.pdf8 life •leds –interior led...

1

LEDs vs INCUMBENTS

NOW & FUTURE

STAN WALERCZYK, CLEP, LC

LIGHTING WIZARDS

9/17/10 version

2

STAN WALERCZYK’S BIO• 21 years experience

– Distribution, maintenance, installer, retrofit contractor, fixture designer, consultant, lighting designer, policy maker, researcher

• 500+ projects

• 30+ published articles

• 600+ seminars

• IESNA Member 1995 - 2008– Currently on Spectral Effects Committee

• Certified Lighting Energy Professional by AEE– CLEP Review Board member

• Lighting Certified by NCQLP

• Consultant for California Title 20 and Federal EPACT

• Consultant for Army Corp of Engineers CERL

• Assisted on DOE spectrally enhanced lighting research

• DOE CALiPER Guidance Committee member

3

LITTLE TIME

LOTS OF SLIDES• Since you have access to this

presentation, I will skim over some

slides that you can get the information

on your own

• But please still ask questions when we

are on a topic

4

NO

ENDORSEMENTS• Although several manufacturers and

models are listed, none are endorsed

• Easier to talk about specifics than

generalities

5

WOW FACTOR• Because LEDs are new and different, they

have the WOW factor much more than most

other lighting technologies

– But that not necessarily make them better with

regard to performance and cost effectiveness

• Early adopter manufacturers, specifiers,

contractors and end-customers are

important, but care should be taken not go

overboard

6

Although some chips have better LPW without

heat losses, other chips perform better in real

life applications

CHIP FIXTURE

WITHOUT DRIVER OR

TEMPERATURE

LOSSES

AT STEADY STATE

TEMPERATURE

INCLUDING FIXTURE

EFFICIENCY

PAST 70 40

2009 100 70

2010 120-130 90-100

2011 150- 160 120-130

LED APPROXIMATE LUMENS PER WATT

TIME

FRAME

8

LIFE• LEDs

– Interior LED products are expected to last 30,000 -50,000 hours, while still maintaining 70% of initial lumens

• Although that is based on good science, it is still projections

– Currently LEDs are tested for 6,000 hours, and life is based on extrapolating that info

– Within TM21 the IES is considering that life should not be extrapolated more than 6 times testing duration

– One advantage of LEDs is that they can be turned on and off very frequently without shortening lamp life

• In fact it may help increase life, because run cooler

– LED chips are usually not the weakest link• Drivers and other components are

9

WHAT ABOUT

LONG TERM MAINTENANCE?• Look longer than just rated life of LED fixtures

– An LED fixture can look good up to its 50,000 hour life compared to high performance incumbent technologies

• At 24/7 operation, that is less than 6 years

• At typical open office operation that is about 14 years

• At typical individual officer operation that is over 16 years

• Often spaces get a remodel about 10, 15 or 20 years

– Although LED pricing should come down dramatically over time, there are still driver and maybe costs for heat sinks, etc

• So let’s say that the parts cost down the road may be half of what it is now

– So if an LED fixture costs $350 now, the retrofit or replacement parts down the road may be half of that, which would be $175

10

WHAT ABOUT

LONG TERM MAINTENANCE?

• Using 1.5 times, which is also 150%, of rated life can be very useful evaluating the cost effectiveness of LED fixtures compared to existing and high performance incumbent technology fixtures

11

WHAT ABOUT

LONG TERM MAINTENANCE?• Fluorescent and HID fixtures can easily and cost

effectively get new lamps and ballasts to last decades– For example, parts and labor for a 2F32T8 fixture

• Group relamping every 25,000 hours may cost $10

• Group reballasting every 50,000 hours may cost $40

• $60 total at 50,000 hours with brand new lamps and ballast

• $120 total at 100,000 hours with brand new lamps and ballasts

12

WHAT ABOUT

LONG TERM MAINTENANCE?

• Really important to try to get LED fixtures that are

modular with easily replaceable LEDs and drivers

– And try to get LED troffers that you do not have to move

adjacent ceilings and have to work on fixture above T-

bar ceiling, which can take longer and be more a

dirt/dust problem

• With throw-away LED fixtures, make sure to

recycle the pounds of valuable metal used for heat

sinking

13

WHAT ABOUT

LONG TERM LIGHT LEVELS?• LEDs maintain 70% of initial lumens at end of rated life (L70)

– Without some kind of control system, it will typically be

• Overlit to begin with so sufficient light at end of life

– Overlighting also uses additional wattage

• If proper light levels initially, there will usually be insufficient light at end of life

• Retrofit or replace significantly earlier than rated life

– Which increases parts and labor costs

– Some kind of photocontrol,digital timer or central control system controlling light levels may work very well

• But added cost and reliability would have to be evaluated

• There is a good chance that some LEDs will die before end of life, which can further reduce light levels

14

LIFE• LED

– Since LEDs typically do not die, like most incumbent lamps, but just get dimmer and dimmer over time

• In this way LEDs are like mercury vapor, which an old 1000 watter may only provide 5 footcandles, but maintenance people do not want to replace them, because the lamps are still working

– There are already a bunch of first generation LED exit signs that still work, but do not provide sufficient light based on NFPA and/or city codes

• People are hesitant to replace or retrofit these, because they are still working

– But there could be some big time lawsuits against the building owner, property management firm, etc. if people have a hard time getting out of a building during a fire or power outage

– With LEDs facility managers and maintenance people will have to be educated and motivated to retrofit or replace LED fixtures when they do not provide sufficient light

• Maybe LED fixtures could have internal timers, which makes the lamps flash on and off after so many hours

15

LED NOW OR LATER• If LED fixtures and kits will be so much

better and less expensive in a few years should you buy them now or wait?

– Let’s use the computer analogy

– So, if your existing system is in good shape and fairly efficient, maybe wait

– But if your existing system is not in the best shape or is not efficient, probably buy

– For new construction, since have to buy something anyway, LED fixtures are usually already cost effective

16

FTC ACTION• www.ftc.gov/opa/2010/09/lightsofamerica.shtm

• Manufacturers have recently begun selling LED bulbs for

household use because they are a higher-efficiency,

longer-lasting alternative to incandescent and compact

fluorescent bulbs. Although the initial price tag may be

higher, well-designed and manufactured LED bulbs save on

energy costs and last much longer than other types of light

bulbs.

• The FTC alleges that in many instances, Lights of

America’s LED bulbs produced significantly less light, as

measured in lumens, than the company claimed in its

promotional materials. For example, one bulb was

promoted as producing 90 lumens of light output, but Lights

of America’s own tests showed it produced only 43 lumens.

http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2010/09/lightsofamerica.shtm

17

FTC ACTION• FTC Shines a Light on Company’s Deceptive Claims for its

LED Bulbs

• Agency Charges Firm With Misrepresenting the Light Output and Life Expectancy of its Bulbs

• The Federal Trade Commission has sued a California-based light bulb manufacturer and its principals to stop them from misleading consumers by exaggerating the light output and life expectancy of its Light Emitting Diode (LED) bulbs.

• As part of the FTC’s continuing work to stop deceptive advertising, the agency filed a complaint charging that since 2008, Lights of America, Inc. has overstated the light output and life expectancy of its LED bulbs on packages and in brochures. The agency also charges that Lights of America misled consumers about how the brightness of its LED bulbs compares to traditional incandescent lights.

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FTC ACTION• Also, in many cases, Lights of America deceptively

compared the brightness of its LED light bulbs with incandescent bulbs, the FTC alleges. For example, the firm claimed that one of its LED lantern bulbs could replace a 40-watt incandescent bulb. However, while the typical 40-watt incandescent bulb produces about 400 lumens, the Lights of America LED bulb produced only 74 lumens.

• Moreover, the FTC complaint states that in many instances, Lights of America’s LED bulbs would not last as long as the company’s promotional materials said they would. In one case, for example, the firm said that one of its LED recessed bulbs would last 30,000 hours. Independent tests, however, showed that the bulb would not last as long as claimed because it lost 80 percent of its light output after only 1,000 hours.

19

LM79

• Important to get signed LM-79 report

from a DOE or NVLAP approved or

CALiPER recognized lab

– Other files, including internally generated

software files, don’t cut it

20

UPCOMING OPPORTUNITIES

• Federal Phase Outs

– Fluorescent

• 2012 Basic grade T8 & T12 lamps– High performance T8 lamps and ballasts cost

less than high lumen T12s and electronic ballasts for them

– Incandescent

• 2012 100W

• 2013 75W

• 2014 40W & 60W

21

DECORATIVE

22

DECORATIVE• Christmas/decorative lights

– LED versions are becoming a no brainer

• Small lamps in chandeliers– Usually sparkle is important, and the amount of light is not critical

– Although there are decorative shaped CFLs with small bases, which last much longer than incandescents, with white phosphor - No Sparkle

– There are decorative LEDs available with small bases that have long life and sparkle

• When getting these types of LED lights– Get ones with good warranties

– Especially from big box stores. check with them if they require lumen maintenance tests before they carry certain products

23

OMNI

DIRECTIONAL (FANCY NAME FOR

SOMETHING LIKE AN A19)

24

OMNI-DIRECTIONAL

• Until we get at least L Prize winner and prices really come down, probably better off in most applications with screw-in CFLs, which can often only cost $.25

• Hopefully Philips will win first L Prize in 1st quarter of 2011

25

NEW KID ON THE BLOCK• Vu1 Technology

– www.vu1.com

• This is not an incumbent, but another new lighting technology, which is not considered solid state by the DOE

• Interesting to see if it really becomes a cost effective solution

http://www.vu1.com

26

ACCENT

LIGHTING

27

LED ACCENT LIGHTS• Good, Bad and Ugly

– Some good products

– Some not so good with honest specifications

– Some not so good with way over zealous marketing hype

– Verified in various CALiPER Rounds

• Cool

– Since LEDs do not emit any heat from the light side, they can be very good lighting flowers, produce, etc. without damaging them

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LED MR16s• Best LED MR16s that DOE has tested so far can only

replace up to 20W halogen MR16

– MR16s are on the small side for higher wattage LEDs to be able to

dissipate sufficient heat

– Most halogen MR16s are 50W standard or 35 - 37W infrared

– Existing LED MR16s may work fine in

• Overlit applications

• Elevators, which are often overlit

• Some aesthetic applications, where light levels not that important

• Check if existing and new step down transformers will work

with LED MR16s, because LED MR16s are such low

wattage and will not activate step down transformers

29

HALOGEN MR16s• If existing are standard halogen

– Can switch to lower wattage halogen infrareds

• For example, 50W to 35 - 37W

• If existing are halogen infrareds

– Maybe keep for 1- 2 years

• LED MR16s should be cost effective for many

applications in 1 - 2 years

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LED R or PAR 20, 30 & 38

• The larger the lamp, the easier it is to dissipate heat

• If can use larger lamp, go with it

• There are some LED reflector lamps without any cooling fins

– Do not even think of buying

• Some retail chain stores have already started switching to good LED reflector lamps

31

LED R or PAR 20, 30 & 38

• One good one is Cree’s LRP38– 2009 Lighting For Tomorrow Solid State Lighting

Competition Special Focus Award For Technical Innovation

• 537 lumens

• 11W

• 50 lumens per watt

• 93 CRI

• 2700K

32

LED R or PAR 20, 30 & 38

• MSI iPAR-38 looks very interesting

– www.msissl.com

– Technology for adjustable • 10W with 550 lumens

• 12W with 650 lumens

• 16W with 800 lumens

– Proprietary Intelligent Communication• Type of bar code reader can provide

– Manufacturing info

– Installation info

– Hours of use

– Wattage setting

http://www.msissl.com

33

LED R or PAR 20, 30 & 38

• LED R or PAR38s will really be ready for prime time after there is at least one winner of the L Prize in this category

34

LED MODULAR EXAMPLE

35

HALOGEN PAR 20, 30 & 38

• Just like MR16s, there are halogen infrared

PAR lamps

– Which can save 10 - 20 watts compared to

standard halogens

• If standard halogens now, maybe go with

halogen infrared now and wait 1 - 2 years to

go with LEDs

36

RECESSED

CANS

37

LED

• Recessed cans for residential and

commercial are a great application for LEDs

– Majority of ENERGY STAR LED products are

recessed cans

38

LED• Cree LR6 family

– Original award winning kit has been around for a while• Pricing is now about $70 from distribution

• Finally also available in 277V

– Now also LR6-DR1000 higher lumen and higher wattage version available

• 2009 Lighting For Tomorrow Solid State Lighting Competition Grand Prize

– Later this year or next year LR6-HE high efficiency version should be available

• 109 lumens per watt out of the fixture

– Probably better than anything else out of the fixture

• 2009 Lighting For Tomorrow Solid State Lighting Competition Special Focus Award For High Efficacy

39

LEDTypical Cree LR6

40

LED2009 Next Generation Luminaires Design Competition

Recognized Winners - Indoor - Downlighting

• Philips Lightolier’s Calculite – 1048 lumens

– 19.6 watts

– 53.6 lumens per watt

• Edison Price Lighting’s LED Round OS DL/5-800 – 653 lumens

– 14.7 watts


41



• Sea Gull Lighting / Juice Works’

LED Surface Mount Downlight – 610 lumens

– 14.0 watts


– Downlight, but not recessed can

• Cooper Lighting’s Halo LED 900– 740 lumens

– 14.1 watts


42



• Intense Lighting’s SS4– 655 lumens

– 15.0 watts


• Cree’s LR6-DR1000– 1020 lumens

– 11.9 watts


– Same picture as before

43

LED• When do not need a lot of light, often

prefer getting a basic grade can with screw-in or GU24 base and use good LED PAR38

– Because then no potential problem down the road trying to replace LEDs and drivers in dedicated LED recessed cans

44

LINEAR

REPLACEMENT

LAMPS

45

LED T8s• There are hordes of sales people trying to

sell these, because of potential huge volume and profit

– Often Pinocchio-nose marketing hype

• But so neither the DOE or I have seen any nearly as good as high performance fluorescent T8s with high performance ballasts

• Lamp cost can often range from $40 to $150 with proposed up to 50,000 hour realistic life

46

LED T8s• How they are connected

– Some use existing fluorescent ballast, which consumes extra wattage, and the ballast would have to be replaced when it burns out

• Ballasts typically have a 50,000 - 60,000 hour rated life

– Some have internal driver, which requires removing existing fluorescent ballast and rewiring to lamp holders

• May void UL listing of fixture

– Some come with their external drivers

47

3 HR 12 HR 3 HR 12 HR

1st GENERATION - GENERIC 32 2800 75-78 2800 75-781.7 -

<10

15,000 -

24,000

20,000 -

30,000

20,000 -

30,000

24,000 -

36,000

2nd GENERATION -

GENERIC32 2950 81-85

2800 -

295080-85

1.7 -

<10

15,000 -

24,000

20,000 -

30,000

20,000 -

30,000

24,000 -

36,000

GE HL 32 3100 82 3000 80 3.95 25,000 36,000 36,000 42,000

GE SXL 32 2850 81+ 2750 80 3.95 31,000 40,000 40,000 46,000

PHILIPS ADV 32 3100 85 3100 82 1.7 24,000 30,000 30,000 36,000

PHILIPS PLUS 32 2950 85 2850 82 1.7 30,000 36,000 36,000 42,000

PHILIPS ADV XLL 32 2950 85 2850 82 1.7 36,000 40,000 40,000 46,000

SYLVANIA XP 32 3000 85 2850 85 2.9 24,000 40,000 40,000 42,000

SYLVANIA XPS 32 3100 85 3100 81 2.9 24,000 40,000 40,000 42,000

SYLVANIA XP/XL 32 2950 85 2900 80 3.5 36,000 50,000 52,000 55,000

GE SPX 28W 28 2725 82 2625 80 3.95 24,000 30,000 36,000 42,000

PHILIPS ADV 28W 28 2725 85 2675 82 1.7 24,000 30,000 30,000 36,000

SYLVANIA XP 28W 28 2725 85 2650 80 2.9 24,000 40,000 40,000 42,000

SYLVANIA XP XL 28W 28 2600 85 2600 80 3.5 36,000 50,000 52,000 55,000

GE SPX 25W 25 2400 85 2350 80 3.95 36,000 40,000 40,000 46,000

PHILIPS ADV 25W 25 2500 85 2400 85 1.7 24,000 30,000 30,000 36,000

PHILIPS ADV XLL 25W 25 2400 85 2350 82 1.7 36,000 40,000 40,000 46,000

SYLVANIA XP 25W 25 2475 85 2400 80 2.9 24,000 40,000 40,000 42,000

SYLVANIA XP XL 25W 25 2475 85 2400 80 3.5 36,000 50,000 52,000 55,000

F28T5 25-28 2900+ 85 2750+ 851.4 -

2.5* *

20,000 -

30,000

25000 -

40,000

F54T5HO 49-54 5000 85 4800+ 851.4 -

2.5* *

20,000 -

30,000

25000 -

40,000Lamp manufacturers may alter rated lamp life and lumen specifications, so get updates from manufacturers.

Prepared by Stan Walercyk of Lighing Wizards 7/15/10 version. www.lightingwizards.com

CATALOG

LUMENSCRI

MAX

MG

OF HG

4' T8 LAMP LIFE, LUMENS, CRI & MERCURY

INSTANT START PROGRAM STARTLAMP WATTS

3000-4100K

CATALOG

LUMENSCRI

5000K LAMP LIFE HOURS

48

4' lamp type

initial

catalog or

photopic

lamp

lumens

lamp

watts

lamp

lumens

per

lamp

watts

lamp

quant

ballast

type

standard

ballast

factor

system

watts

initial

system

lumens

initial

system

lumens

per watt

mean or

8000 hour

lumen

maint-

enance

mean or

8000 hour

system

lumens

mean or

8000 hour

system

lumens per

watt

3100 32 96.9 2 EE IS 0.87 53 5394 101.8 95% 5124 96.7

3100 32 96.9 2 EE PS 1.15 70 7130 101.9 95% 6774 96.8

3100 32 96.9 2 G IS 0.87 58 5394 93.0 95% 5124 88.4

2950 32 92.2 2 EE IS 0.87 53 5133 96.8 95% 4876 92.0

2950 32 92.2 2 G IS 0.87 58 5133 88.5 95% 4876 84.1

2800 32 87.5 2 EE IS 0.87 53 4872 91.9 95% 4628 87.3

2800 32 87.5 2 G IS 0.87 58 4872 84.0 95% 4628 79.8

2850 30 95.0 2 EE IS 0.87 51 4959 97.2 95% 4711 92.4

2850 30 95.0 2 G IS 0.87 55 4959 90.2 95% 4711 85.7

2750 28 98.2 2 EE IS 0.87 48 4785 99.7 95% 4546 94.7

2750 28 98.2 2 G IS 0.87 51 4785 93.8 95% 4546 89.1

2440 25 97.6 2 EE IS 0.87 42 4246 101.1 95% 4033 96.0

2440 25 97.6 2 G IS 0.87 47 4246 90.3 95% 4033 85.8

2400 25 96.0 2 EE IS 0.87 42 4176 99.4 95% 3967 94.5

2400 25 96.0 2 G IS 0.87 47 4176 88.9 95% 3967 84.4

high lumen F28T5 3050 28 108.9 2 EE PS 0.95 58 5795 99.9 93% 5389 92.9

typical F28T5 2900 28 103.6 2 PS 1.00 64 5800 90.6 93% 5394 84.3

26W F28T5 2900 26 111.5 2 EE PS 0.95 55 5510 100.2 92% 5069 92.2

26W high lumen F28T5 3050 26 117.3 2 EE PS 1.15 67 7015 104.7 92% 6454 96.3

51W F54T5HO 5000 51 98.0 2 EE PS 1.00 108 10000 92.6 92% 9200 85.2

typical F54T5HO 5000 54 92.6 2 PS 1.00 117 10000 85.5 93% 9300 79.5

F34T12 800 3100 34 91.2 2 RS E 0.85 60 5270 87.8 93% 4901 81.7

F34T12 CW 2650 34 77.9 2 RS M 0.88 72 4664 64.8 87% 4058 56.4

4' LINEAR FLUORESCENT EFFICACY TABLE

notes: Lumens, lumen maintenance, ballast factors and wattages may vary among various manufacturers.

high performance F32T8

extra long life 2950

lumen F32T8

basic grade F32T8

30W F32T8

28W F32T8

25W F32T8

Prepared by Stan Walerczyk of Lighting Wizards www.lightingwizards.com 11/11/09 version

extra long life 25W

F32T8

93% is used as an average EOL lumen maintenance for T5HOs. 90% - 94% range among manufacturers.All wattages based on 277V. EE IS is extra efficient instant start. G IS is generic instant start. EE PS is extra efficient program start.

PS is program start. RS E is rapis start electronic. RS M is rapid start magnetic.

Extra long life is 36,000 hours with IS and 40,000 hours with PS ballasts at 3 hour cycles.

In enclosed fixtures, since reduced wattage F32T8s consume less heat they can often operate closer to optimal 77 degrees F

temperature, so may provide more light than this table shows compared to full wattage.

Although efficacy can be improved with IS and RS ballasts with T5s and T5HOs, lamp life can be greatly reduced and lamp

manufacturers may not warranty lamps.

49

MAYBE

SOMETHING

BETTER THAN

LED T8s

50

MAYBE SOMETHING BETTER

THAN LED T8s• Kits for troffers, etc

– 2’ and 4’ long and about 1” - 2” wide LED bars

• Screwed into fixture, using fixture as a heat sink

– Driver mounted in ballast compartment

• Something like Albeo’s troffer conversion kit

– Google search ‘Albeo youtube’ for installation video

• Something like the LED bars and driver using in

the new Lithonia RT LED troffers

– www.lithonia.com/rtled

51

TROFFERS

52

LED• One that gets frequent mention is Cree’s LR24

2x2 troffer– 2008 Lighting For Tomorrow Solid State Lighting

Competition• Honorable Mention, Efficacy

– Now 2 versions• 3200 lumens & 44W

• 3800 lumens & 52W

– Dimmable

– I have been specifying for• High profile conference rooms

– 3200W version performed very well compared to other LED and high performance T8 troffers in DOE CALiPER Round 9 Testing

53

LED• I have been recommending dimmable

LED troffers in high profile conference rooms

– Can help make a company look high tech

– Expensive, but since such a small percentage of the total project, does not ruin financial returns

54

T8 FLUORESCENT• There is a new generation of high performance

2x4 1F32T8 troffers that can be installed in typical 8x10 spacing– Depending on BF and if instant or program start extra

efficient ballast, wattage can range from 24 - 39 with direct relationship to lumens

– Manufacturers and models include• Deco DPL-C

– www.getdeco.com (but may not be in website yet)

• Finelite HPR

– www.finelite.com

– Hopefully DOE will test at least one of these with LED troffers in an upcoming CALiPER round

http://www.getdeco.com

http://www.finelite.com

55

T8 FLUORESCENTOffice with Finelite HPRs

56

T8 FLUORESCENT• Existing 2x4 troffers can be cost effectively

retrofitted down to 1F32T8– Standard lensed troffers can often get a 1-cove white

reflector• About $55 - $60 total installed cost

– Parabolic troffers can get upscale kits• Such as ALP’s RHT kit

– www.alplighting.com/pdf/uardiac%20rht.pdf

– About $110 - $120 total installed cost

http://www.alplighting.com/pdf/uardiac rht.pdf

57

TROFFERS• LED troffers may cost about $350 and are rated for

50,000 hours, but may last significantly longer

• Fluorescent high performance troffers may cost $100 - $175 with ballasts rated for 60,000 - 75,000 hours and good lamps driven parallel program start ballasts, rated for 30,000 - 46,000 hours– Recommended to group relamp and reballast at 70 -

80% of rated lives

• Initial labor cost may be about the same

• This is a great time to consider– Raise the bar

– Long term maintenance costs

– Long term light levels

58

SUSPENDED

INDIRECT/DIRECT

FIXTURES

59

LED• LEDs could run cooler with less heat sinking

than in troffers and recessed cans

• Uniform uplight with some not too intense

downlight are challenges

• It will take a while for LED suspended

fixtures to be cost effective compared high

performance fluorescent suspended fixtures

– Now LED 4 footer may cost $300 - $400

60

T8 FLUORESCENT• Well designed suspended indirect/direct fixtures with

1F32T8 per cross section– Can provide quite low power densities

– Total installed cost often less than individual troffers

• When can have relatively long rows in new construction and gut rehabs

• One lamp per cross section is usually much better than two or three for– Optimal light distribution

• Usually batwing

– Best fixture efficiency

– Lowest wattage

– Lowest fixture cost

• Fixture cost may be $25 - $40 per linear foot depending on type of fixture, quantity, etc.

61

T8 FLUORESCENT• Make sure fixture reflectors are designed for T8s

and not for T5s/T5HOs

• There are many good manufacturers and models– For example, Finelite offers several good models,

including Series 12, 15 and 16

– These are photos of Series 12 with white cross blade

62

AT LAST

TASK

AMBIENT

LIGHTING

WHERE LEDs CAN WORK WITH INCUMBENTS

63

TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING• Task ambient lighting is having relatively low

footcandle ambient lighting and additional task lighting when and where need it

• Light levels drop off exponentially as distance increases between source and task– For example if double distance, 1/4 the footcandles

– Much less wattage getting high light levels from a task light 2’ away from task, than from ceiling fixtures 6’ away from task

• This strategy may be the most cost effective way to have very low power densities while providing good quality lighting

• In typical offices, usually .4 - .6 watts per square foot is easily attainable

64

TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING• Ambient, in offices, works very well with either

– New or retrofitted 2x4 high performance troffers that have

1 high performance & often high Kelvin 32W F32T8 and

high performance parallel wired program start ballasting

• Maybe tandem wire ballast per pair of troffers

– New or retrofitted suspended indirect/direct fixtures with 1

high performance & often high Kelvin 32W F32T8 per

cross section and high performance parallel wired

program start ballasting

• Ambient lighting can provide 10 - 20 footcandles on

desks– Often more light is worse than less light, because more light can

cause more glare and higher contrast ratios

65

TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING• Existing task

– For a long time most modular office systems had fluorescent undercabinet task lights

• But most of these fixtures

– Use way too much wattage

– Are glare bombs

» Hitting shiny paper and/or desks and then bounced into eyes

– Provide too much light

» That is why often gray scale tube guards to reduce amount of light, but still uses all of the wattage

– Often difficult to replace ballasts

» Many ballast compartments too small for standard sized extra efficient ballasts

– Sometimes still T12s with magnetic ballasts or T8s with magnetic ballasts

– There are some good CFL desk mount task lights

• But way too many people still use energy hog incandescent or quartz halogen

66

TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING• High performance LED task

– There are some very good LED task light systems

• One example is the Finelite PLS (Personal Lighting System)

– 3, 6 & 9W undercabinet fixture

» Not a glare bomb

» Uses metal shelf as a heat sink

– 3, 6 & 9W desk mount fixture

» My 6 watter provides 50 footcandles directly underneath with no other lighting contribution

– Optional occupancy sensor

– For a decent quantity

» 1 undercabinet fixture, 1 desk mount fixture, occupancy sensor, power supply and cables may cost $200 or less

– New version has the switch before the power supply, so zero wattage when fixtures are off

– For individual offices that do not have shelves over desks, often just a desk mount fixture is recommended

67

TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING• Finelite PLS

– Both undercabinets and desk mounts won 2007 Lighting For Tomorrow Awards

– Desk mount, which is also called ‘Curve’ won 2009 Next Generation Luminaires Design Competition

• Best In Class - Task Lighting

www.finelite.com/sustainability/professional-development

68

TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING• There are several other LED office task lights, including

Philips Color Kinetics UC

Luxo Air Luxo Ninety Steelcase Kast

Philips Alko Lincs100 & sensor

69

TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING• PG&E’s Emerging Technology Program’s ‘High Efficiency

Office Low Ambient / Task Lighting Pilot Project’ – www.etcc-ca.com/project-search/search-

results_m126/criteria:1/query:any/jr_endyear:2009/jr_organization:Pacific+Gas+and+Electric+%28PG%26E%29/order:alpha/page:2/limit:10/

– .66 watts per square foot

– If 5000K and high performance fixed output ballasts would have been used, that power density could have been lower

– Although dimming ballasts were used in the suspended ambient fixtures, that was for tuning, not for energy savings

– This report clearly states that it would be much more cost effective to go with fixed output instant start ballasts

• Since there are millions and millions of square feet of offices in North America and the world, reducing wattage and improving lighting is so important

70

TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING

• With good task ambient lighting the power

density can be low all of the time that

expensive and complex dimming daylight

harvesting peak load shedding systems are

not cost effective

– Even with dimming ballasts in ambient fixtures,

good task lights are usually recommended

71

$0.150 $0.05 /KWH 1st year saved rebate

fixture &

application

type

total

watts

annual

hours

annual

elect-

rical

cost

option

letterretrofit/replacement option description

total

watts

watts

per

square

foot

watts

redux

annual

elec-

trical

savings

appr.

incen-

tive

appr.

installed

cost

rated lamp

life @ 3

hour

cycles

pay-

back

just

elec-

tricity

payback

including

maintenance

savings &

worker

productivity

benefits

long

term

benefit

just elec-

tricity

long term

benefit

including

maintenance

savings &

worker

productivity

benefits

A

Retrofit each troffer with 3 25W F32T8

5000K lamps & .71 BF extra efficient

program start parallel wired ballast

112 0.93 68 $41 $14 $12030,000 -

36,0002.6 2.2 $506 $628

B

Retrofit each troffer with upscale kit which

eliminates parabolic louvers, 1 high lumen

F32T8 5000K lamp & 1.15 BF extra efficient

program start ballast

78 0.65 102 $61 $20 $23030,000 -

36,0003.4 1.9 $708 $1,443

B1



F32T8 5000K lamp & .89 BF extra efficient

program start ballast. Also include

7W LED task light.

67 0.56 113 $68 $23 $310

30,000 -

36,000

for T8s

4.2 2.1 $730 $1,747

B2



F32T8 5000K lamp & .71 BF extra efficient

program start ballast. Also include

2 7W LED task lights.

62 0.52 118 $71 $24 $380

30,000 -

36,000

for T8s

5.0 2.3 $706 $1,980

C

Remove both troffers. Install 8' suspended

indirect/direct fixture that has 2 high lumen

F32T8 5000K lamps & 1.15 BF extra

efficient program start ballast.

70 0.58 110 $66 $22 $41030,000 -

36,0005.9 2.7 $602 $1,790

C1


direct/indirect fixture that has 2 high lumen

F32T8 5000K lamps & .89 BF extra efficient

instant start ballast. Also include 7W

LED task light.

63 0.53 117 $70 $23 $490

30,000 -

36,000

for T8s

6.6 2.7 $586 $2,166

C2


direct/indirect fixture that has 2 high lumen

F32T8 5000K lamps & .71 BF extra efficient

instant start ballast. Also include 2

7W LED task lights.

60 0.50 120 $72 $24 $560

30,000 -

36,000

for T8s

7.4 2.7 $544 $2,488

F2

Retrofit each troffer with 3 15W LED T8

lamps. Also include 2 7W LED task lights to

provide sufficient light.

104 0.87 76 $46 $15 $64025,000 -

50,00013.7 8.6 $59 $470

G

Remove both troffers. Install 2 high

performance 2x2 LED troffers, set at full

41W, so sufficient light at end of life.

82 0.68 98 $59 $20 $900 50,000 15.0 9.4 $2 $531

G1


performance 2x2 LED troffers, set at 34W.

Also include 7W LED task light.

75 0.63 105 $63 $21 $980 50,000 15.2 8.5 -$14 $742

G2


performance 2x2 LED troffers, set at 28W.

Also include 2 7W LED task lights.

70 0.58 110 $66 $22 $1,060 50,000 15.7 8.7 -$48 $744

$108

KWH rate

existing

copyright of Stan Walerczyk of Lighting Wizards, www.lightingwizards.com, 1/10/10 version

12 x 10 x

9 office

area with

2 2x4 18

cell

parabolic

troffers,

each with

3 32W 700

series

20,000

hour rated

F32T8s

and

generic

.88 BF

ballasting

(1.51

watts per

square

foot)

180 4000

TYPICAL OFFICE 12' long x 10' wide x 9' high

15 years of long term benefit

proposed

72

IF TIME

SHORT

EXTERIOR

DISCUSSION

73

LED vs. INDUCTION

STREETLIGHTS• The short version of my white paper is

available on my website for free

– Its eight pages has the same information that follows

– I am working on expanding it, so it will have detailed information that is not in this seminar

74

lighting

source qualifier

lamp

wattage

rated life

hours

initial

lumens

EOL lumen

mainten-

ance

EOL

lumens

(approx.)

system

wattage

(277V)

initial

lumens per

watt

EOL

lumens

per watt

fixture

efficiency

(approx.)

initial fixture

lumens per

watt

initial

fixture

lumens

EOL fixture

lumens

per watt

EOL fixture

lumens

HPSclear

lamp100

24,000 -

40,0009,500 75% 7125 130 73 55 75% 55 7125 41 5344

Sylvania 7060,000 -

100,0006,500 64% 4160 77 84 54 70% 59 4550 38 2912

Philips 8560,000 -

100,0006,000 70% 4200 85 71 49 70% 49 4200 35 2940

Sylvania 10060,000 -

100,0008,000 64% 5120 103 78 50 70% 54 5600 35 3584

Sylvania 15060,000 -

100,00012,000 64% 7680 156 77 49 70% 54 8400 34 5376

Philips 16560,000 -

100,00012,000 70% 8400 165 73 51 70% 51 8400 36 5880

4000K

350ma

50 1W

LEDs

50,000+

- 100,000NA 70% NA 67 NA NA NA 58 3866 40 2706

4000K

525ma

40 1W

LEDs

50,000+

- 100,000NA 70% NA 70 NA NA NA 61 4239 42 2967

6000K

350ma

40 1W

LEDs

50,000+

- 100,000NA 70% NA 50 NA NA NA 72 3606 50 2524

6000K

525ma

30 1W

LEDs

50,000+

- 100,000NA 70% NA 54 NA NA NA 67 3624 47 2537

Listed LED specs would provide sufficient light for minimum footcandles between fixtures and around designated perimeters, but maybe not for average footcandles.

Stan Walerczyk of Lighting Wizards www.lightingwizards.com 2/20/10 version

Listed induction fixture efficiency is better than most IES files, because includes when lamps are properly prepared and some recent fixture improvements.

4000K includes 4000 - 4500 Kelvin. Some people think that 6000K is too blue. LEDs driven at 350ma would have longer life than at 525ma.

LED fixtures are tested as complete units, not based on components.

Table does NOT include where the available lumens out of the fixture are directed. LED fixtures direct light where necessary, so fewer lumens are required.

Since Induction lamps have same or worse optical control as HPS, their EOL fixture lumens should match HPS EOL fixture lumens.

HPS, INDUCTION & LED COBRAHEAD GENERAL COMPARISON TABLE

notes

EOL is end of life. NA is not applicable. Real rated life is discussed in related white paper. HPS and LED info is generic. Induction fixture info is also generic.

100W generator is used with Sylvania 70W induction lamp. For induction EOL numbers are based on 100,000 hours, and EOL numbers would be better at 60,000.

Induction

LED

75

ISOLUX DIAGRAM FOR

TYPE II STREET LIGHTING• The following three isolux diagrams came from

PG&E for City of Santa Rosa, which the base case is 100W HPS cobraheads

• Distribution patterns and amount of footcandles would vary some what with various manufacturers and models– But general distribution patterns are pretty consistent for

HPS, induction and well designed LED cobraheads

• These are with bottom flat lensed HPS and induction cobraheads– SAG or drop lens would increase light between fixtures,

but also not be good for dark skies and light pollution on house and opposite sides

100W HPS

Calculation Summary

Label CalcType Units Avg. Max. Min. Avg/Min. Max/Min.

Layout 1_Lum L_Roadway Cd/Sq. M. 0.26 0.76 0.09 2.09 0.44

Layout 1_Ill Illuminance Fc 0.40 1.96 0.12 3.33 16.33

Layout 1_Lv L Veiling Cd/Sq. M. 0.02 0.10 0.00 N.A. N.A.

Layout 1_STV Vis. Level N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

100W HPS

85W INDUCTION

Calculation Summary






70W LED

Calculation Summary






79

WHAT IS BETTER THAN

LUMENS PER WATT?

Footcandles, and really footcandles where the light is necessary, per watt

80

units 85W induction 100W HPS 60 LEDs

fixture mounting height feet 28 28 28

roadway width feet 40 40 40

pole spacing feet 120 120 120illuminance - average maintained fc 0.64 0.78 0.69illuminance - maximum maintained fc 1.6 2.3 1.3illuminance - minimum maintained fc 0.1 0.3 0.4uniformity - avg/min 6.4 2.6 1.7

system power watts 85 130 71

100 x avg fc/watt 7.5 6.0 9.7

100 x min fc/watt 1.2 2.3 5.6

FOOTCANDLES PER WATT

based on the work by Chris Nye at Leotek, www.leotek.com

81

LED vs. INDUCTION

• In general induction is getting

out-dated in most applications

82

WRAP UP

• Questions

• Comments

• Applications

83

THAT’S ALL FOLKS• Contact information for Stan Walerczyk

– 925-944-9481(San Francisco Bay Area)

– [email protected]

– www.lightingwizards.com

• Thanks for attending

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.energyperformance.net

84

APPENDIX

85

HELPFUL WEBSITES• Department of Energy Solid-State Lighting

– Google search ‘doe ssl’

• CALiPER test reports

• Benchmark reports

• Gateway studies

• Fact sheets

• Webinars

• More

86

HELPFUL WEBSITES• Department of Energy Solid-State Lighting

– Lighting Facts

• www.lightingfacts.com

– LEDs For Interior Applications• PDF of March 18 webcast

• www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/events_detail.html?event_id=4163

http://www.lightingfacts.com

87

HELPFUL WEBSITES• Department of Energy

– Commercial Building Energy Alliances

• Technology and System Specification Development

–LED Refrigerated Case Lighting

–And there are others

• www2.eere.energy.gov/buildings/alliances/technologies.html

88

HELPFUL WEBSITES• Energy Star

– www.energystar.gov

• DesignLights Consortium SSL Qualified Product List– www.designlights.org/solidstate.about.QualifiedProductsLi

st_Publicv2.php

• L Prize– www.lightingprize.org

• Lighting For Tomorrow SSL Awards– www.lightingfortomorrow.com

• Next Generation Luminaires Design Competition– www.ngldc.org

http://www.energystar.gov

http://www.lightingprize.org

http://www.lightingfortomorrow.com

http://www.ngldc.org

89

HELPFUL WEBSITES• Lighting Research Center

– www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/solidstate/index.asp

• LEDs Magazine – www.ledsmagazine.com

• Architectural SSL Magazine– www.architecturalssl.com

http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/solidstate/index.asp

http://www.ledsmagazine.com

http://www.architecturalssl.com

90

HELPFUL EMAIL• Postings: From the Desk of Jim Brodrick

– About once a week

– March 16 version focused on how bad LED T8s are– www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/postings.html

– [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

91

DON’T BUY AN LED PRODUCT UNLESS

• LM79 tested by a DOE or NVLAP approved or CALiPER

recognized lab

– This is initial lumens per watt out of fixture at steady-state operating

temperature

– Compare each product’s results with other LED product’s results

– Also compare with other technology products’ performance

• LM80 information– At least 6000 hour so lumen maintenance data for the LED package

– ENERGY STAR requires 6000 hour lumen maintenance of 94.1% for

35,000 hour life or 91.8% for 25,000 hour life

– Verify in situ temperature of the LED package in the fixture

– Lumen maintenance is just one aspect of luminaire life and reliability

92

MORE HELPFUL INFO REGARDING BUYING

LED PRODUCTS• Lean toward manufacturers that have Lighting

Facts Label, www.lightingfacts.com– With good results

• Lean toward ENERGY STAR rated products

• Lean toward manufacturers that have a proven track record and deep pockets– These manufacturers that got into LEDs early have

already learned a lot from the school of hard knocks

– These manufacturers can handle big warranty problems

http://www.lightingfacts.com

93

CALiPER-tested LED T8s½ The Light Output or ½ the Luminaire Efficacy

SSL vs Fluorescent in 2' x 4' Troffers

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Luminaire Efficacy (lm/W)

Lu

min

aire

Ou

tpu

t (l

um

ens)

SSL

F32 in

Parabolic Troffer

F40 in

Lensed Troffer

Source: U.S. Department of Energy

94

LED T8s• DOE documents

– Performance of T12 and T8 Fluorescent lamps and LED Linear

Replacement Lamps

• January 2009 Benchmark Report

• Includes that since LED T8s mainly shine light down, so between

fixtures and walls can be quite dark

– CALIPER Round 9

• October 2009 Report

– LED Performance Specification Series: T8 Replacement Lamps

• Asking Manufacturers for at least 2,700 lumens

– That would require them to be 2 to 3 times more efficient than existing while

keeping their existing 15 - 20 watts

• April 2010

• http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/t8_replace

ment-lamps.pdf

http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/t8_replacement-lamps.pdf




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