laws of thermodynamics week 2-3 dr. thornton oapb
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Laws of Thermodynamics
Week 2-3Dr. Thornton
OAPB
Thermo-heatDynamics- changing (not static)
Laws of Thermodynamics
Work= FxdWork= force x distance
Energy is moved or transformed
Laws of Thermodynamics
Laws of Thermodynamics
Energy• Energy is the ability to bring about change or to
do work. Thermodynamics is the study of energy.
heat, light, chemical energy, and electrical energy.
• The total amount of energy and matter in the Universe remains constant,
• Merely changing from one form to another.
The First Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation) states that: energy is always conserved, it cannot be created or destroyed.
In essence, energy can be converted from one form into another.
Laws of Thermodynamics
Laws of Thermodynamics• The Second Law of Thermodynamics
For any system, over time, disorder tends to increase
• This is also commonly referred to as entropy.
• Entropy-measure of disorder in a system
• System- collection of two or more parts interacting
Laws of Thermodynamics
• Equilibrium- means a state of balance
• State of thermodynamic equilibrium, – there are no net flows of matter or of energy,– no phase changes, and – no unbalanced potentials (or driving forces), within
the system.
• A system that is in thermodynamic equilibrium– experiences no changes when it is isolated from its
surroundings.
Thermodynamic Equillibrium
Closed system-energy does not go in or out of the system
Laws of Thermodynamics
Is this possible?
• Open system-cannot reach equillibrium– This violates the second law (e.g. hurricanes order
vapor and pressures, but what does this do?)
Laws of Thermodynamics
• Fluids (liquid or gas)• Lie in cells/how cells transport energy
• Isosmotic-same
• Hypersmotic-one solution has greater water concentration than the other
• Hyposmotic-one solution has a lower water concentration thant the other
Gradient Energy
• Reproduce• Growth• Metabolize• Pollute or produce waste• Respond to environment
(same as Chapter one pg 9)
Properties of Life
Biological Organization
• Cells-fundamental unit of life
• Colony-colonizaiton of cells (can live outsde of colony)
• Multicellular organisms-cannot live outside organism; welfare of the whole organism outweighs the welfare of a single cell
Biological Organization
Apoptosis-programmed cell suicide– Hair, skin, neurons in young teens
Biological Organizaiton
• Tissue-collection of cells with a common function
• Organs-collection of tissues with a common function
• Organ system-group of organs working in a system together
Biological Organizaiton
• Organ supersystems-systems w/smaller subsystems
• Ecosystem-includes aspects of the environment that organisms live in; contains living and non-living components
Reactions
Exergonic-Ex (ouside)- releases energy
Reactions
Energonic-En- Inside-energy is absorbed
How does all this relate to cells and biology?
• Cell membranes• Sharks in freshwater• Freshwater fish in salt water• Egg in salt water• Endergonic vs exergonic• Thermodynamics• Na+ K+ pump
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