lab tests and results

LAB TESTS AND RESULTS

CARDIAC LAB VALUES

• Creatine Kinase aka Creatine Phosphokinase (CK) - Levels rise 4 to 8 hours after an acute MI (Myocardial Infarction), peaking at 16 to 30 hours and returning to baseline within 4 days.

• Creatine Kinase (male) 25 - 90 U/LCreatine Kinase (female) 10 - 70 U/L

• CK-MB CK isoenzyme - It begins to increase 6 to 10 hours after an acute MI, peaks in 24 hours, and remains elevated for up to 72 hours.

• Creatine Kinase-MB 0 - 5 U/L

• (LDH) Lactate dehydrogenase - Total LDH will begin to rise 2 to 5 days after an MI; the elevation can last 10 days.

• LDH 45 - 90 U/L•

• LDH-1 and LDH-2 LDH isoenzymes – • LDH-1: 18 - 33 percent

LDH-2: 28 - 40 percent

• Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT; also called SGPT)- It is a liver enzyme and may increase when using cholesterol-lowering medications.

• ALT 5 – 50 U/L

• SGOT - Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase -- SGOT will begin to rise in 8-12 hours and peak in 18-30 hours.

• Increased SGOT or AST is seen with liver disease, myocardial infarction (MI) and some medications.

• May increase when using cholesterol-lowering medications.

• SGOT aka AST 7 – 40 U/L

• Myoglobin - • This small heme protein becomes

abnormal within 1 to 2 hours of necrosis, peaks in 4-8 hours, and drops to normal in about 12 hours.

• Elevated myoglobin may indicate muscle injury or inflammation.

• Myoglobin, serum (male): 30 – 90 µg/ml Myoglobin, serum (female): 30 – 90 µg/ml

• Troponin Complex - Peaks in 10-24 hours, begins to fall off after 1-2 weeks.

• Troponin T is valuable for detecting heart muscle damage and risk.

• Tropinin I: < 0.0 - 0.10 µg/mLTropinin T: < 0.0 - 0.10 µg/mL

DIAGNOSIS

• To diagnose a myocardial infarction, a physician will conduct a thorough medical history (including a complete description of a patient’s symptoms), conduct a physical exam, and perform one or more of the following tests:

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

• ECG tests monitor the electrical activity of the heart. Physicians look for certain patterns on electrocardiograms that suggest myocardial infarction.

Echocardiography

• An echocardiogram, or echo, is a test that uses ultrasound, or high-frequency sound waves, to take a moving picture of the heart.

• Cardiac blood tests • Cardiac catheterization and

angiography

• Diagnosis of MI is generally based on the

presenting symptoms, the ECG, and

laboratory test results. The prognosis

depends on the severity of coronary artery

obstruction and the extent of myocardial

damage. Physical examination is always

conducted, but the examination alone is

insufficient to confirm the diagnosis.