kolkata architecture -british period

KOLKATA(ENGLISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE)

SONAKSHI BHATTACHARJEE(114AR0024)MITHILESH MANDAL (114AR0006)SUCHETANA CHAKRAVARTY(114AR0025)

TIMELINE

WRIGHTER’S BUILDINGPLACE –KOLKATA

(1777-1906)Designed by THOMAS LYON

ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT

CONSTRUCTION PHASESFIRST PHASE(1777-1778)

SECOND PHASE(1820-1821)

• Designed as barracks to provide accommodation to the john company's ‘writers’.

• A three storied structure .

• A long veranda being added on the south front and two small pediments on columns by lord wellesley.

• And a better ornamented façade (by capt. George lindsay).

ROTUNDA GEORGIAN ROOFS

DORIC PEDIMENTED ENTRANCES

MINERVA STATUES

IONIC COLUMNS

ITALIAN GRECIAN FONTAGE

NEOCLASSICALARCHITECTURE

THIRD PHASE- complete re-modelling of the front façade

by E.J. Martin(1877-1905)

PLAN AND ELEVATION

ENGLAND IN 1700S• 1729 – East India House,

Leadenhall St., London• STYLE- Neoclassical

• 1734- Bank of England , Threadneedle street, London

• STYLE- Neoclassical

THEN…

NOW…

RAJ BHAVAN

RAJ BHAVAN(GOVERNMENT HOUSE)

1799-1803

Ar. Charles Wyatt

Kolkata

NEO CLASSICAL & BAROQUE

RAJ BHAVAN KEDLESTON HALL

IMITATIONHISTORICISM

RAJ BHAVAN KEDLESTON HALL

IONICCOLUMN

Full height portico

Elliptical fanlight

Symmetrically placed windows

Front Gable Roof

Front Façade with columns and corner pilasters

Greek RevivalClassical Revival

BROADCORNICE

NEOCLASSICAL

Curved Lines

Curved Arches

DomesBAROQUE

Drawing RoomMarble FloorPlain Walls

Dining HallTuscan ColumnsCloistered Room

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Steel Dome installed in1860s by the Viceroy Lord Elgin. Lord Curzon brought electricity and lift ( Bird Cage Lift ).

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Drawing and dining rooms.Yellow Drawing Room: first floor , has wonderful paintings.Blue Drawing Room: Elegantly furnished room used by the governor to meet guest.Brown Dining Room: Adjacent to the Blue Dining room, it is used for small conferences and meetings.Halls and banquet roomsThrone Room: The Throne Room, as the name suggests, contains the throne of Wellesley. It also contains an Urn used to carry Mahatma Gandhi's ashes.Council Chamber.The Marble Hall : Located on the ground floor of the Raj Bhavan, this is used for state and private meetings.The Banquet Hall : The Banquet Hall with rows of Doric pillars on each side, flowering chandeliers and black Mahogany tables has entertained eminent guests like Queen Elizabeth.

INDIAN MUSEUM

INDIAN MUSEUM1875

by WALTER L. B. GRANVILLE

KOLKATA 

“an Italianate palace ... around a colonnaded courtyard” ~ Jan Morris

SOCIO-CULTURAL

• Beginning of a significant epoch initiating the socio-cultural and scientific achievements of the country.

•Beginning of modernity and end of medieval era

NEO CLASSICAL

HISTORICISM

ORNAMENTATION

Doric columns fused with arch opening

Colonnaded corridor

Large arched openings

SOUTHERNVERANDA

VERANDAEASTERN

Cornice on wallsfor decoration

Roof supported by arches

GROUND

FLOOR

LOBBY

Tuscan Columns

ARCHEO--LOGYGALLERY

ZOOLO--GICALGALLERY

EXTERIOR

Louvered Shutters

Doric Columns

St.pauls cathedral (1839)

 St Paul's Cathedral in the very early twentieth century

 St Paul's Cathedral as it is today.

History: •  8 October 1839•  architect William Nairn Forbes• Gothic revival style• Stucco ornamentation 

pinnacle

Rose window

Lancet window

tower

finial

Pointed archarchivolt tracery

Gothic revival features:

Interior • Very low nave• Hall without any aisles on its flanks• Plastic art forms and memorabilia• Barrel vault roof • Stained glass

General post office(1864)

History:• Designed in 1864• Walter B. Grenville (1819-1874)• located in the site of  Fort William

Features:•  220 feet high domed roof•  Ionic-Corinthian pillars•  supported by octagonal base• Neo classical architecture• Mannerist columns  

VICTORIA MEMORIAL

PLACE –KOLKATA(1906-1921)

Designed by WILLIAM EMERSON

PLAN

STYLE• Indo Saracenic Revival Architecture - Architectural style movement by British architects in the late 19th century in British India. It drew elements from native Indo-Islamic and Indian architecture, and combined it with the Gothic revival and neo-classical styles favoured in Victorian Britain.

FEATURES

• onion (bulbous) domes

• overhanging eaves• pointed arches,

cusped arches, or scalloped arches

• Colonnaded area on both sides

• Domed kiosks and many miniature domes• domed chhatris• pinnacles• towers or minarets• Use of Makrana marble

ITALIAN STATUES BRONZE STATUE OF QUEEN VICTORIA

ANGEL OVER THE DOME

WINDOW DETAILS

INTERIOR SIDE OF DOME HAREM WINDOWS

GARDEN• Total area of 64 acre with the building covering an area of 338sq.Ft by 228

sq.Ft.• On way to the north gate is a bronze statue of Queen Victoria by Sir

George Frampton.The Queen is seated on her throne, wearing the robes of the Star of India.

• Approaching the building from the south, visitors pass the King Edward VII memorial arch with a bronze equestrian statue of the King by Sir Bertram Mackennal surmounting it and a marble statue of Lord Curzon by F.W. Pomeroy, R.A.

• There are also other statues of various dignitaries like Lord Bentinck, Governor- General of India (1828-1835), Lord Ripon (Governor- General of India from 1880 to 1884; the statue of Sir Rajendranath Mookerjee, the pioneer industrialist of Bengal is on the eastern side.

BIRD’S EYE VIEW

BELFAST CITY HALL

STYLE – BAROQUE REVIVAL

WHY?• Sense of “rightful self-glorification”, which came to appeal to

the aesthetic sensibilities of continental Europeans and Americans, whose architects came to astutely incorporate telling indigenous “Asian exoticism" elements, whilst implementing their own engineering innovations supporting such elaborate construction, both in India and abroad, evidence for which can be found to this day in public, private and government owned buildings. • Public and government buildings were often rendered on an

intentionally grand scale, reflecting and promoting a notion of an unassailable and invincible British empire.

EMERGING ART DECO STRUCTURES

Elite Cinema Hall

Chaplin Cinema

Tower House

Metro Cinema

REFERENCES• http://rajbhavankolkata.gov.in/html/interior_new.htm• http://study.com/academy/lesson/baroque-architecture-style-characteristics-features.html• http://www.slideshare.net/maggiesalgado/baroque-p-pt• http://www.slideshare.net/raashi77/neoclassical-architecture-late-victorian-era-and-gothic-revival• https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Government_House_-_

Kolkata_2011-12-18_0188.JPG• https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Kedleston_Hall_20080730-04.jpg• http://indianmuseumtt.org/Plan%20Your%20Visit.php• http://www.indianmuseumkolkata.org/Architecture%20through%20the%20Ages.php• https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Western_Corridor_-_Ground_Floor_-_Indian_Museum_-_

Kolkata_2014-04-04_4342.JPG• http://indiaheritagehub.org/2013/12/31/indian-museum-kolkata/

‘…Not only The handsomest town in Asia but one of the finest in the world.”L. de Grandpré, French visitor in A Voyage in the Indian Ocean and to Bengal, 1803.

THANKS