“just in time” delivery

“Just In Time” Delivery

Energy Behavior Change +Low Energy Homes

Kent Larsonkll@mit.edu

Appalling Statistic:

The US, with 5% of the world’s population, consumes 25% of the world’s energy

Energy consumption (kg of oil equivalents per capita)

US: 7798Denmark: 3045

US Consumption of Energy:

39% Buildings33% Industrial28% Transportation

US Consumption of Energy in Buildings:

54% Residential46% Commercial & Institutional

Energy consumed over the life of a building:

84% Use13% Manufacturing

2% Construction

1% Demolition

Cost-effectiveness of energy-related investment in cents/kwh:

30-80¢ Photovoltaics

5-10¢ Small Hydro

4-7¢ Nuclear

4-6¢ Gas

4¢ Coal

3¢ Wind

0.8¢ Low Energy Homes(+)Energy Behavior

Change

Energy Sources

Energy Behavior Change

Information at the point of decision – changing driving behavior

Information at the point of decision – changing driving behavior

PlaceLab Energy Wastage Study

• Married couple• 10 week pilot study • 37 electrical circuits

monitored• Activity detection location

every 8 seconds

MITes(MIT Environmental Sensors)

Variations:

1) Object motion

2) Body movement

3) Temperature

4) Light level

5) RFID reader

6) Haptic output

7) Location beacons

8) IR distance ranger

9) Electrical current

(Electrical device use)

10) Ultra violet light

11) Heart rate monitor

Funded by National Science Foundation (NSF)

hinged panels to micro-controllers

speakers

air quality sensors

IR illuminators

hinged panels to sensor bus

cabinet door switches

countertop activity cameras

refrigerator use sensors

microwave use sensors

oven & range use sensors

cabinet drawer sensors

hot water use sensor

cold water use sensor

hinged panels to sensor bus

cabinet door switches

sensor network connections

internet connections

temperature sensors

Power integrated into cabinetry

hinged panels to subwoofers

Data:

Where people areHuman activityHuman Interaction with

systems and objectsState of environment

Focus on:Energy behaviors

PlaceLab

Study 1Potential for reducing consumption

Analysis Tool

Handlense sensor visualization tool• Develope

d at House_n

Unused lights & Devices

Vampire power sources

Example: device consuming power in red, lights on in yellow

Projected Usage

Devices in use

Space in use

Devices and lights on only in spaces with occupancy

42% savings in electrical consumption predicted

Distribution of wasted energy

Study 2GPS Enabled Thermostat

Can we more effectively encourage energy conservation by combining?

Information + Automation +Persuasion +Control +Positive Reinforcement

Automation GPS Enabled Thermostat

Comfortable Temperature

Leave home

Begin toTravel home

Return home

ThermostatSet backWhen unoccupied

Comfortable Temperatureupon arrival

Phone with GPS communicates travel time to home

Automation GPS Enabled Thermostat

Persuasion GPS Enabled Thermostat

Control GPS Enabled Thermostat

Information GPS Enabled Thermostat

Cooling as fast as Possible to 72 deg

Time to Cool 27 min.

Positive Reinforcement GPS Enabled Thermostat

How information is presented is critical!

Which is more effective in encouraging behavior change:

Save 25c today

Save $91 this year

Have $758 more five years from now

Have $22,055 more for retirement at age 65

Study 3

Tunable LED lighting responsive to activity and path prediction w/ Siemens (Sylvania):

(so that office occupants are never aware of lighting adjustment)

MIT House_n Research Consortium Open Prototype Initiative

LowEnergy Homes

b

Open Prototype InitiativeOpen_2

President’s zero-energy house, Unity College, Maine

Disentangled layers with six primary systems:

• Utility chassis• Loft chassis• Roof components• Integrated interior

infill• Responsive façade

components• Agile technologies

Utility chassis: all plumbing, electrical distribution, HVAC, bathrooms, kitchen, solar equipment (highly constrained)

Unity College, Maine President’s Zero Energy, LEED Platinum House

Prefabricated mechanical room

Loft chassis (unconstrained dimensions and form)

Roof components (PV and solar hot water)

Responsive, high performance façade components

Integrated interior infill

Chassis interior w/o infill

Infill design A

Infill design B

Disentangled technologies

mechanical module sliding panels integrated infill wall timber frame “chassis” insulating doors (w/ aerogel) solar shades

Goal: scalable systems, optimized w/o engineers and architects

Open_3: mass customized apartments

Open_3Cambridge, MA

Mass-customized, zero energy, multifamily “living lab”

“Just In Time” Delivery

Energy Behavior Change +Low Energy Homes

Kent Larsonkll@mit.edu