jeffersonian philosophy

Jeffersonian PhilosophySupported strict interpretation of Constitution=weak central gov’tSupported small gov’t and less taxesAgricultural (farming) societySided with the FrenchPresidency with no trappings

Louisiana PurchaseFrance secretly acquired territory in 1800Napoleon willing to sell for war $Mission sent to buy N.O.Bought the whole territory for $15 millionPurchasing land not mentioned in Constitution…

The Louisiana Purchase

Lewis and Clark lead the Corps of Discovery

Vice President Aaron Burr“Northern Confederacy”Split from Democratic Republican partyRivalry leads to a duel between Burr and HamiltonHamilton killed, Burr in exileBurr plotted to form his own empire in the Louisiana territory

John Marshall’s Court (1801-1835)

Sought to increase Court’s and federal (national) gov’t power Federalist ideasMarbury v. Madison

Judicial reviewMcCullough v. Maryland

Implied powers

Foreign Relations - Neutral Rights, Impressment, Embargo

Jefferson cut the size of the military by more than halfFrench and British both threaten US ships on high seasBritish impress American citizens (Chesapeake-Leonard Affair)Jefferson decides to abandon all trade with the Embargo Act

The Embargo Act 1807

No foreign trade at allEconomic slump beginsEmbargo-runners emergeLiability for Rep. party

James and Dolley Madison

James Madison

Jefferson’s Secretary of StateMost intelligent of Founding Fathers“Father of the Constitution”Won 1808 and 1812 elections

The War of 1812: Causes

US desired Spanish Florida (Spain and England allied)

British impressmentSecure a foreign market

for US crops“War Hawks”

War HawksDefinition: Members of Congress from the South and West who desperately wanted war with Great Britain and with Native Americans, in order to protect the interests of America. The leader of the War Hawks was Henry Clay, who was Speaker of the House in the months leading up to the War of 1812. Another leading War Hawk was John C. Calhoun

Vision of the War Hawks

Fighting Begins

Britain distracted by Napoleon until 1813Invasion of Canada failsHarrison defeats TecumsehJackson ravages Indians in Florida

The Burning of Washington

Hartford ConventionOpposition grows as war enters 1815Federalists in New England meetConsidered secession, listed grievancesRight of nullification statedAfter New Orleans, convention looks absurd and the Federalists disappear

Criticism of Hartford Convention

This picture attacks the Hartford Convention, a series of secret meetings of New England Federalists held in December 1814

Treaty of Ghent 1814Signed before the Battle of New OrleansDid NOT address impressment (the alleged cause of the war)No real changes from 1812Simply stopped the fightingLed to other treaties

Rush-Bagot disarmed the Great LakesEconomic agreements

Battle of New Orleans

Battle of New Orleans

Made a hero of Andrew JacksonOver 2,000 casualties for British, about 20 for USBiggest highlight of the war