japanese occupation in the philippines
Post on 09-Feb-2016
281 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Japanese Regime
During World War II• December 8, 1941 – Japan invaded the
PhilippinesPampangaNichols FieldsManilaLingayen Gulf
• December 25, 1941 – Gen. Douglas MacArthur declared Manila as an Open City. (on the advice of Commonwealth President Manuel L. Quezon to avoid its destruction.)
• January 2, 1942 – Japanese occupied Manila.
• April 9, 1942 – US and Filipino defendants in Bataan surrendered to the Japanese.
• By then, MacArthur escaped to Corregidor. (“I Shall Return”)
• 76,000 captured soldiers were forced to embark on the “Death March” to a prison camp more than 100 kilometers north.
• 10,000 prisoners died due to hunger, exhaustion and thirst.
The “Huks”• An organization called Hukbo ng Bayan
Laban sa mga Hapon or HUKBALAHAP then later called "The Huks" during the whole period between 1945 and 1952.
Luis Taruc was the leader
Castro Alejandrino was his right hand
And the members was simply called “huks”.
• Farmers of Pampanga banded together ad created local bridges for their Protection (Taruc, Feleo, Alejandrino)
• In February 1942 in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija the farmers held a meeting upon agreeing to fight the Japanese as a unified Guerilla Army.
The Philippine Executive Commission
Established on January 23, 1942
Philippine Executive Commission
• Chairperson: Jorge Vargas
• Department Heads: Interior: Benigno Aquino Sr.Finance: Antonio delas Alas Justice: Jose P. LaurelEducation, Health, and Public
Welfare: Claro Recto
• Chief Justice of the Supreme Court: Jose Yulo
• New Constitution
Was meant to be effect only temporarily, while the Philippines still in chaos
Noticeably lacked a bill of rights
Contained 12 articles lifted from 1935 constitution that fitted the wishes of the Japanese
The Second Republic
The Second Republic • September 20, 1943 – KALIBAPI held a
party convention.Election of 54 members of National
Assembly
∞Assembly was made by 108 members of but half of this number was compose of incumbent governors and city mayors.
∞President: Jose P. Laurel
∞Vice- President: Benigno Aquino Sr. Ramon Anancena
Jose P. Laurel
Benigno Aquino Sr.
• Inaguration:
October 14, 1943
On the front steps of the Legislative Building in Manila; Philippine flag was hoisted as the national anthem was played.
• On the other hand,
Japanese started using propaganda to gain trust and confidence of Filipinos who refused to cooperate with them
Giant posters were hung with slogans as “the Philippines belong to the Filipinos”
Newspapers, media, movies, and others publicized the same idea
Promoting Japanese propaganda was one of the main objectives of the KALIBAPI, but the Japanese failed to gain the trust of the Filipinos.
Return of General MacArthur
• October 20, 1944; Leyte
• Gen. MacArthur: “I have Returned”
• October 23-26, 1944Americans engaged Japanese forces
in the Battle of Leyte GulfAlmost destroyed the entire Japanese
fleetSignaled the beginning of Philippine
liberation from the Japanese
• Mid- DecemberAmerican reached Mindoro Japanese secured other areas
• January 9, 1945US Liberation forces successfully
docked at Lingayen GulfLt. Gen. Tomoyuki Yamashita,
supreme commander of the Japanese troops in MNL, mobilized his kamikazes but they failed to stop the Americans
• December 8, 1944President Laurel and his cabinet
moved to Baguio upon orders of Yamashita
Japanese forces retreated to Yamashita line a jungle battlefield stretching along the Sierra Madre Mountains from Antipolo, Rizal to Appari Cagayan
• It took 3 weeks of intense fighting before Japanese finally surrendered on February 23, 1945
• Gen. MacArthur continued to liberate other parts of the country
• Proclaim general freedom from the Japanese on July 4, 1945
Reference:• http://www.philippine-history.org/japanese-
occupation.htm• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukbalahap
top related