japanese occupation

Between 1941 and 1945- when the empire of the Japan occupied the commonwealth of the Philippines during World War II.

JAPANESE OCCUPATION

December 07, 1941- Japanese attacked

the Philippines after the bombing of Pearl Harbor ten hours earlier.

December 8, 1941- Japanese bombed Camp

John Hay in Baguio City, Clark Air Base in Nichols Field outside of Manila.

-The invasion started on Pearl Harbor.

December 10,1941- Japanese landed in Aparri,

Cagayan, and, Vigan, Ilocos Sur.

December 22, 1941- Japanese landed in

Lingayen Gulf, Luzon, and continued to advance to Manila.

December 23, 1941- General Douglas MacArthur,

head of the Allied Forces,  withdrew from Manila and relocated to Bataan.

General Douglas MacArthur

December 26, 1941- General MacArthur declared

Manila an Open City on the advice of Commonwealth President Manuel L. Quezon to avoid further destruction.

January 2, 1942- Japanese captured Manila and

U.S. Naval Base in Cavite. Japanese Military Administration activated bringing Philippines firmly under Japanese control.

December 27, 1941- Japanese bombed Manila.

January, 2 1942- Postal service under U.S.

Commonwealth was temporarily suspended.

January 3, 1942- Proclamation issued by the

Imperial Japanese Government as to the immediate use of war notes (military pass money) issued by the Japanese.

January 23, 1942- Establishment of Philippine

Executive Commission with Jorge B. Vargas as Chairman.

Proclamation issued by the Imperial Japanese Government as to the immediate use of war notes (military pass money) issued by the Japanese.

Establishment of Philippine Executive Commission

February 22, 1942- U.S. President Franklin D.

Roosevelt ordered General MacArthur to leave the Philippines.

March 4, 1942- Postal service in Manila re-

opened under Japanese Administration.

March 18, 1942- President Roosevelt

appointed General MacArthur commander of the Southwest Pacific Theater.

March 11, 1942- General MacArthur left

Corregidor and was flown to Australia. Gen. Jonathan Wainwright became the new U.S. commander.

March 24, 1942- Admiral Chester W. Nimitz

appointed as Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Pacific Theater.

April 3, 1942- Japanese attacked

American and Filipino troops in Bataan.

April 9, 1942- American and Filipino forces

in Bataan surrendered to the Japanese.

April 10, 1942- Death March began with

76,000 Allied Prisoners of War (POW) forced to walk 60 miles under blazing sun without food and water toward a new POW camp. An estimated 10,000 prisoners died.

May 6, 1942- Japanese took Corregidor as

General Wainwright unconditionally surrenders all U.S. and Filipino forces in the Philippines.  (Fall of Corregidor).

May 12, 1942- The last U.S. Troops holding

out in the Philippines surrendered in Mindanao.

August 29, 1942- The Red Cross announced

Japan’s refusal to allow safe passage of ships containing supplies for U.S. prisoners of war.

July 10, 1943- A new constitution was finalized

as drawn by the Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence. Ratified two months later by the KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas), the only political party allowed to exist.

September 20, 1943- Election of fifty four (54) members to the National Assembly was held.

October 14, 1943- Inauguration of Philippine Independence (Second Republic) with Jose P. Laurel as President.

September 21, 1944- U.S. Allied Forces started

bombing Japanese controlled areas.

October, 1944- American forces conducted

air raids at Clark  Air Base in October, continuing for four months and damaging over 1500 Japanese planes.

October 20, 1944- U.S. Allied Forces, headed by

General Macarthur, triumphantly landed in Leyte.

October 23-26, 1944- Battle of Leyte Gulf resulted in

a decisive U.S. Naval victory. This encounter almost destroyed the entire Japanese fleet and signaled the beginning of the liberation of the Philippines.

October 25, 1944- Lt. Gen. Tomoyuki Yamashita ,

supreme commander of the Japanese troops in Manila, ordered the kamikazes (Japanese suicide bombers) only to fail miserably.

December 8, 1944- President Laurel and

cabinet members moved to Baguio City upon orders from Yamashita.

December 15, 1944- U.S. troops invaded

Mindoro.

January,1945- General Tomoyuki Yamashita

moved his headquarters from Manila to Baguio in anticipation of the coming invasion of the allied forces. January 3,1945

- Gen. Douglas MacArthur placed in command of all U.S. ground forces and Adm. Chester Nimitz in command of all naval forces in preparation of planned assaults including Japan.

February 3, 1945- U.S. Sixth Army attacked

Japanese Forces in Manila. The beginning of the Liberation of Manila by American and Filipinos soldiers.February 3, 1945

- Last Day of postal service under Japanese Occupation.

February 16, 1945- U.S. Troops recaptured

Bataan.

March 2, 194- U.S. airborne troops

recaptured Corregidor.

March 3, 1945- U.S. and Filipino troops took

Manila.

March 10, 1945- U.S. Eight Army invaded

Zamboanga Peninsula in Mindanao.June 18, 1945

-Japanese resistance ends in Mindanao.

June 28, 1945- Gen. MacArthur's

headquarters announced the end of all Japanese resistance in the Philippines.

July 5, 1945- Liberation of Philippines

declared.

August 14, 1945- Unconditional surrender of

Japan accepted.

September 1945- Formal Japanese surrender

ceremony on board U.S.S. Missouri in Tokyo Bay as 1,000 carrier based planes fly overhead.

September 2, 1945- U.S. President Harry Truman

declared VJ Day (Victory Japan).September 3, 1945

- Gen. Yamashita surrendered to Gen. Wainwright in Baguio City.

The Occupation:• The Japanese military authorities immediately began organizing a new government structure in the Philippines.

• They initially organized a Council of State through which they directed to civil affairs until October 1943 and declared the Philippines an independent republic.

Resistance:• Japanese occupation of the Philippines was opposed by active and successful underground and guerrilla activity that increased over the years and covered a large portion of the country.

• Kempeitai and Makapili were guerrillas Japanese-formed Bureau of Constabulary

• Postwar investigations showed about 260,000 people were in guerrilla organizations and the members of anti-Japanese underground were even more numerous

• Japan controlled only 12 of the 48 provinces

• Throughout Luzon and the southern islands, Filipinos joined various groups and vowed to fight Japanese

• General MacArthur formed a clandestine operation to support guerrilla, he had Lieutenant commander Charles “Chick” Parsons smuggle guns, radios, and supplies to them by submarine

• Invasion and sabotaging Japanese forces began led by MacArthur

• (USAFFE) U.S Army Forces Far East refused to surrender to local militia initially organized to combat banditry brought about by disorder caused of invasion

Economic Condition Under Japanese Rule AGRICULTURE

• The economic activities during the occupation of the Japanese were limited.

• Industry, commerce, and trade suffered losses.

• Domestic animals like chickens, pigs, goats and those used in agriculture like cows, horses and carabaos decreased in number.

• Rice production sank and the limited supply were taken by the Japanese military officials to feed their men.

• Due to rice scarcity, its price increases.

• The Bigasang Bayan was organized to control the procurement and distribution of rice and other cereals.

• Cigarettes also become rare because its priced was dictated by the Japanese officials.

• In view of scarcity of food, President Laurel appealed to the people to plant in their backyard some vegetables to alleviate hunger.

• Price of the cigarette is also expensive.

• Helpless smokers who cannot resist their addiction take papaya dried leaves.

• Uncooked rice for coffee addicts.• Mango leaves was used as a substitute for tea.

Transportation o Carso Truckso Other means of

transportation

Mickey Mouse MoneyoPhilippine fiat money

Social Condition under Japanese RuleSOCIAL DIVISIONS:

oWealthy fewoPoor majority

Life of the Filipinos during Japanese rule:oMiserableoPatheticoUnfortableoFull of fears

• There is no peace of mind for the Filipinos.

• Everyone is anticipating for his arrest or torture.

• No feeling of security• Nobody could sleep soundly.• Crimes against in person and property increase in number.

• Scarcity of medicine is also experienced.

Cultural Development Under Japanese Occupation

Forms of entertainmentoComediesoTheaters

Popular playsoGolden BoyoSa Pula, Sa PutioIsang Kuwaltang AbakaoThe Husband of Mrs. Cruz

There still many Filipinos who are involved in VICES like:

oSmokingoCockfightingoDice gamesoMahjongoJuetengoOther card games

LanguageoJapanese propagated Tagalog as National Language.oThey discouraged Filipinos from writing in English language.oTeaching of Nippongo was made.oJournalist using English was suppressed.oJapanese helped the writers in Tagalog to rediscover the beauty and potentialities of the native languages.

Educational SystemoJapanese educational policy was embodied in Military Order No. 2.

• Basic Point:oPropagation of Filipino culture;oDissemination of the principle of the Greater East Asia Co- Prosperity Sphere;

oSpiritual rejuvenation of the Filipinos;

oThe teaching and propagation of Nippongo;

oThe diffusion of vocational and elementary education;

oThe promotion of love to labor

Thank You for Listening

God Bless!