january 25, 2012

January 25, 2012

IntroductionsChapter 8 ConceptsChapter 8 TermsIntro to plant cloningAssignment: Terms. Define terms on page

171 Due tomorrow! (Thursday)

Reading: Ch 8

Intros!

Mrs. Haddad (Mrs. H)UW-PlattevilleAgricultural Education

BiotechnologyI like to:

Travel, play sports, scrapbook, and show cowsmrshonlineag.wordpress.com

Plant Cloning

But First…

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvnKybI7fzU

Key Concepts

Plants naturally propagate by cloningAdvantages of cloningIdentify plant “anatomy” involvedDescribe various methodsRole of plant hormonesGenetic alteration

Key Terms

Asexual Reproduction Type of cloning that ensures a desirable species would

be producedVegetative Propagation

Increase in the number of plants by planting seeds, using cuttings, division, grafting or layering

Plastids Plant cell bodies containing photosynthetic pigments

Key Terms

Separation Pulling apart plants where they naturally separate for

propagationsDivision

Plant cuttings into sections and growing new from each section

Stolons Runners; specialized stems that branch out

horizontally above ground

Key Terms

Rhizomes Elongated underground stems; often tuber shaped

Tuber Thickened or swollen underground branch or stolon

with numerous budsBulbs

Subterranean buds with overlapping membrane-like leaf bases

Key Terms

Tunicate Bulb with dry outer layers and grows via small

“bublets”Nontunicate

Bulb with layers of outer scales that can be separated and propagated

Corms Enlarged fleshy base of a stem in which food

accumulates

Key Terms

Auxin Plant hormones

Layering Propagations via covering a portion of the plant with

soil to encourage rooting off a stem of the parent plant

Grafting Plant material from two separate plants joined into

one

Key Terms

Scion In grafting, the upper part of the plant

Cambium Actively growing cells between bark and wood

Callus Cells Undifferentiated tissue cells

Key Terms

Xylem Plant “plumbing;” channel

for water and dissolved minerals

Phloem Inner bark; channel for food

throughout the plantTissue Culture

Small amount of tissue used to grow a new plant

Key Terms

Meristem Plant tissue with

undifferentiated cellsExplant

Plant tissue containing meristem cells; taken from very end of stem or root

Intro to Plant Cloning

History: One of the oldest forms of cloning

Natural Man made

Asexual Reproduction Vegetative Propagation STRAWBERRIES!

January 26, 2012

Term Review FREE WRITE DiscussionAdvantages of Plant CloningAssignment: Lab Write UpTOMORROW: Lab!

Advantages of Plant Cloning

FREE WRITE! Take three minutes to list all of the advantages of

plant cloning you can think of.

Advantages of Cloning

Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWOAPYcMPHw

Advantages of Cloning

Genetically identicalMore efficientSeedlessUniformityResistanceYieldFertilityIncreased possibilitiesNutritional BenefitsDependability

Disadvantages

Genetically identicalDiversityDisease SpreadDisease SusceptibilityCostTimeReliance on humansEthics

According to the USDA…

Yield A cloned plant can yield a thousand new plants from one parent

plant. This means that farmers can produce more crops without a lot of seeds.

Strength Cloning a plant means you can choose the best plants to clone.

An entire crop of healthy, prosperous plants can be cloned from one strong parent plant.

Timing Cloned plants grow at the same rate, so harvesting can become

streamlined.Food Options

So far, the FDA has stated that cloned food would be perfectly safe for humans to eat. They have not, however, finalized a ruling to allow cloned food on the market.

Read more: What Are the Advantages of Cloning in Agriculture? | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/facts_5750461_advantages-cloning-agriculture_.html#ixzz1kU9V5qZV

In Preparation for Lab

Fingerprinting & DNA Extraction DNA=code of life It’s how we know that there are over one million

differences between you and me. (That’s 0.1% of our DNA!!!)

Read Introduction

January 27, 2012

LAB! DNA Extraction and Fingerprinting

Monday: Video: The Future of Food Prepare for critical thinking!!

February 1, 2012

Types of cloningTomorrow:

Packet Due! Current Events work day

Meet here!

Types of Cloning

Separation & DivisionTuber & BulbsCuttingsLayeringGraftingTissue Culture

But First…

A few differences between animal & plant cells Plants: Central Vacuole, Cell Wall, Plastids EASIER TO CLONE!!

Why? Greater natural frequency Mitosis vs Meiosis

Separation and Division

Separation Genetic consistency Faster growth Hybrid options

Division Plant rejuvenation Early spring

Tubers and Bulbs

Tubers Uniform crop vs True Seed New vs Old

Emergence Stems Tuber initiation Maturity Vigor Yield

Bulbs Underground Divide into two

Cuttings

Cut depends on plant species Ex: Potato

http://www.ehow.com/video_7618017_plant-rose-bush-cuttings.html He’ll explain it better than I will…

Layering

Three Types: Air (Ex: Rubber Plant) Mound (Ex: Shrubs) Tip (Ex: Black Raspberries)

Bury a branch in the soilEventually form rootsCut from originalTransplant

Grafting

A scion is removed from one plant and fused onto another plant

Cleft The stock is cut in half, perpendicular to the ground. The

top is split, the scion inserted, and the graft sealed with special wax.

Bark The end of the scion is cut into a thin wedge, and the

scion is stored in a refrigerator. The scion is inserted under the bark, secured with wire staples and sealed with wax.

Whip/Tongue Scion and stock are of the same diameter. A slender V

cut is made at the end of the scion and a matching V is cut into the stock. The point of the scion is placed into the receiving V and the graft is bound and sealed with wax.

Best time for a woody cut is during dormancy!!

Tissue Culture

Originated in France (mid ‘60s)Micro propagation (In-Vitro)Screen cells rather than plantsProduce valuable compoundsCross distant speciesRapid breedingTissue for transformationObtain “clean stock” from meristemLarge numbers of identical

individuals

Fun Facts

Some plants grown only for the male Ex: Asparagus

Some are propagated by their rhizomes & corms Bermuda Grass Gladiolus

High relative humidity helps growth after propagation

February 2, 2012

Packet Due TODAY!Cloning GMOs Packet Due Today!Friday: Terms Quiz & Current Events

Article

Read the articleAnswer the questionsHighlight words or phrases you don’t

understand

February 3, 2012

Terms QuizCurrent EventsThink of questions

Agronomy speaker Monday!!

February 6, 2012

Today: Agronomy SpeakerTomorrow: LAB

Tonight: Be ready for lab quiz before lab tomorrow!

February 7, 2012

LAB!Tomorrow: Current Events presentations

February 8, 2012

Test ReviewTEST TOMORROW!!