ip5 – jacs acc urban/peri-urban and highland/lowland syndrome context key issue 4: environmental...
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IP5 – JACS ACCUrban/Peri-Urban and Highland/Lowland Syndrome
Context
Key Issue 4:
Environmental Risk, Development and Urbanisation
Results until May, 2005
Main Research Questions (for Phase I: 2001-
2005)
What are the social practices that (rural and urban) actors implement
with regard to natural resource management?
How do these social practices relate to public policies and
sustainable regional development initiatives?
What are the effects of urban-rural interactions on natural resource
management?
What is the potential of discussion platforms for reaching consensus
among the stakeholders concerning sustainable regional
development priorities?
Key Issue AdressedThe interaction between urbanisation and natural resource
management. Research examines how actors in rural and urban areas
use and/or manage natural resources, and how this results in
transformation of space and influences sustainable regional
development
Research Project
Integrated analysis of the impact of urbanisation on natural
resource management in the lower Ayuquila Watershed,
Western Mexico Senior Researchers/Coordinators: Peter Gerritsen and Claudia Ortiz/Research assistant:
Alma Lomelí, DERN-IMECBIO, University of Guadalajara
13 students participating: 2 Ph.D.-, 6 M.Sc.- and 5 B.Sc.-students
Main Scientific interlocutor: Working Group Río Ayuquila (DERN-DRBSM)
Main Non Scientific Interlocutor: Intermunicipal Initiative for Environmental Governance
Objectives
1. Analyse natural resource perceptions and strategies of different actors in the watershed
1. Analyse core problems related to urbanisation and natural resource management in watershed
1. Analyse the institutional context for mitigating localised effects of global change
1. Develop mitigation strategies and concrete recommendations to strengthen existing negotiation platforms for sustainable regional development
1. Develop theoretical framework applicable to watersheds with similar problematic in JACS-ACC
Research aims at generating socioeconomic and applied
ecological information for sustainable development actions
through the intermunicipal initiative
It is part of a strategic alliance between eight Municipalities,
the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources and DERN-
IMECBIO as an academic institution
Ph.D. Thesis
In progress:
1. Integrated water resources management in the Ayuquila watershed of
western Mexico: limits and potential in the municipality of El Grullo.
Cherryl André de la Porte/ LaSUR-INTER-ENAC-EPFL
2. Land use changes and transnational migration in Western Mexico.
Silvia Hostettler / LaSUR-INTER-ENAC-EPFL
Completed:
1. Riverbank vegetation in the farm landscape. Martijn Snoep /
University of Wageningen, The Netherlands2. The road to Margaritaville: expansion of agave cultivation and
power dynamics in Southern Jalisco, Mexico. Sara Bowen/University of Wisconsin, USA
In progress:3. Urban and rural actors´ perceptions of environmental
degradation in the Ayuquila watershed. Astrid Fritschi/University of Zürich, Switzerland/IP6
4. Land-use and transnational migration in western Mexico. Brigitte Portner, University of Bern, Switserland/IP1
5. Urban growth in the municipality of Autlán: environmental risk and potential risks and potentials. Claudia Patricia Rámirez Jiménez/University of Guadalajara
6. Urbanisation and economic dynamics in the municipality of El Grullo. Martín Campos/University of Guadalajara
Master‘s Thesis:
Bachelor‘s thesis:
Completed:
1. Institutions, inter-institutional coordination and sustainability. Liliana Castañeda/University of Guadalajara
2. The role of negotiation platforms in sustainable regional development. Daniela Thueler/University of Bern, Switzerland/IP1
In progress:
3. Impact of urbanisation on the natural resource management strategies of farmers. Humberto Bustos/University of Guadalajara
4. Urbanisation and river vegetation. Tomas Rodríguez/University of Guadalajara
5. Globalisation, urbanisation and agave farmer strategies. Ana Livier Duran/University of Guadalajara
Other research activities:
Completed:
1. General characterization of the Ayuquila watershed. Peter Gerritsen et al./University of Guadalajara
2. Integrative framework of Key Issue 4. Peter Gerritsen et al. /University of Guadalajara
3. Analysis of actors in the Ayuquila watershed. Peter Gerritsen et al./University of Guadalajara
4. Quantitative assesment of agave expansion in the Ayuquila watershed. Peter Gerritsen et al./University of Guadalajara
5. Regional products: local answers to economic globalization?Peter Gerritsen et al. /University of Guadalajara
In progress:
6. Ecology and management of Ayuquila riverbank vegetation. Claudia Ortiz et al./University of Guadalajara
PAMS
Completed:
1. Strengthening local capacity in the management of the Ayuquila watershed in western Mexico (DERN-IMECBIO, University of Guadalajara)
2. Strengthening local agriculture for regional sustainability in the state of Jalisco, Mexico (RASA)
Integration of Different Studies
Transformation of space in the urban context
Transfor-mation of
space in the rural
context
Transformation of social
practices in the rural context
Transfor-mation of
social practices in the urban context
Globalisation & Urbanisation
Urbanisation & Globalisation
Prevailing natural
scientific approach
Prevailing social
scientific approach
Actors, resource management, local responses
Ecology, management & river vegetation
Institutions,
policies and platforms
Land use change
and driving forces
Postgraduate studies:
2 Ph.D. completed: 2 in progress 4 M.Sc. Completed: 2 completed, 4 in progress 4 M.Sc. Completed: 2 completed, 1 at 90% and 2 in progress
Outputs by May, 1, 2005 (Phase I: 2001-2005)
Publications:
5 Technical reports completed: 4 completed and 1 at 90% Draft of book on local responses to economic globalisation: completed 2 Scientific articles submitted: 3 in press, 1 submitted
Congresses and workshops:
3 National congresses attended: 7 congresses attended
3 International congresses attended: 10 congresses attended
K.I.4 Results at IP5, Key Issue and Project
Level1) Interrelations between globalization, urbanization and
transformation of space (IP5 level)
2) Core problems related to urbanization and natural resource management (Project level)
3) Social practices of actors with regard to natural resource management (IP5, Key Issue and project level question)
4) Effects of urban-rural relations on natural resource management (Key Issue level, project level)
5) Public policies and regional sustainable development initiatives (IP5, Key Issue and project level question)
6) Relations between bottom-up and top-down dynamics (IP5 level)
1) Interrelations between globalization, urbanization and
transformation of space (IP5 level)
Generally speaking, globalisation is a far-advanced process in the study area;
many local effects can be identified
Globalisation and urbanisation: influence on social practices of rural actors
(use/management of natural resources) and contribute to the transformation
of space
The relation between globalisation, urbanisation and the transformation of
space is incomplete and a highly differentiated process
But:
A “re-ruralisation” (or rurbanisation) process, even though still weak can also
be observed amongst several actors in the region
Endogenous (historically embedded) processes also have influenced the
social practices of actors and the transformations of space that have taken
place in the region
2) Core problems related to urbanization and natural
resource management (Project level)
Contradictory policies and weak formal institutions at different levels, due to
the extreme complex nature of the Mexican institutional context
Governance failures, insufficient empowerment and decentralisation, due to
lacking policies “that work“ and deficient capabilities of human resources
Poverty and livelihood insecurity, in the mountaineous municipalities of the
watershed
Poor water supply and environmental sanitation, in the predominant urban
municipalities
Degradation of land, soil and vegetation cover, which can be observed in all
municipalities
Degradation of forests and other natural habitats, which can be observed in
all municipalities
3) Social practices of actors with regard to natural
resource management (IP5, Key Issue and project level
question) Social practices are highly differentiated, vary according to actors and their
specific socio-material characteristics
Both endogenous and exogenous factors determine social practices of actors
Different degrees of sustainability can be distinguished
Number of new strategies (of urban and rural actors) for countervailing
negative effects of globalisation and urbanisation
Strategies based on logic of “maintenance”, “transformation and
adaptation”, “resistance and opposition”, depending of degree of
urbanization in the watershed
“Transformation and Adaptation”: adoption of agroindustrial land-use
practices/transnational migration
“Maintenance”, “Resistance and Opposition”: elaboration of “regional
products”/organic farming practices
Actors often combine different logics underlying their strategies, except for
organic farmers
4) Effects of urban-rural relations on natural resource
management (Key Issue level, project level)
Urban-rural relations offer both possibilities and limitations for natural
resource management, depending on the degree of urbanization in the
Ayuquila watershed
Relative distance of rural actors to urban centers influences impact of
globalisation and urbanisation
Urban-rural interactions are not to be understood as lineal, or concentric, but
as highly differentiated and complex
Urban growth affects rural areas through production of waste and pollution of
water
Unplanned urban growth shows tendencies towards urban sprawl syndrome,
with negative effects on surrounding rural areas
Biological and agro-biological diversity is negatively influenced by
transformation processes of urban and rural space, especially near the
Ayuquila river
5) Public policies and regional sustainable development
initiatives (IP5, Key Issue and project level question)
Many different federal and state policies coincide in the Ayuquila watershed
Contradictions exists between institutions and policies
Decentralization looks for empowering municipalities, but these lack funds
and human resources
Periodic political changes undermines effectiveness of institutions and
policies
Processes that lead to transformation of space go beyond regional
boundaries, which demands inter-institutional coordination
Discussion platforms : effective mechanisms for new environmental
governance joining urban and rural actors
Effectiveness of regional negotiation platforms for natural resources
management: relates to active participation of stakeholders (urban/rural),
and political dynamics (federal/state level)
Representation of no-institutional actors is weak or even absent in existing
negotiation platforms
6) Relations between bottom-up and top-down dynamics
(IP5 level)
Discrepancia exist between top-down and bottom-up level.
Currently, this relation is exogenous and activity-, or
information driven
Excess of “consultation”-culture and lack of “participation”-
culture amongst local actors
Participation of local actors is sought for by incorporating
them in existing (top-down) frameworks
Empowerment and bottom-up dynamics exist amongst
small group of actors, but within an institutional vacuum
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