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Practical ResearchRES1

For each of theskills, giveyourself a gradeon a scale of 1 to10.Which skills do youconsider yourself to bebest at?

• Reading

• Observing

• Listening

• Watching

• Choosing

• Questioning

• Summarizing

• Organizing

• Writing

• Presenting/communicating

What is research?Definition

Remember:Kerlinger, 1973

• A systematic controlled,empirical, and criticalinvestigation ofhypothetical propositionsabout the presumedrelations among naturalphenomenon

Treece, 2002

• Systematic collectionand interpretation ofdata to illuminate,describe or explain newfacts and relationships

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Why research?Importance of research in daily life

Efficiency and Effectiveness in theprofession• The primary reason for conducting research is to foster

optimum care for life. The scientific profession exists toprovide service to society based on accurateknowledge. The scientific method is conceived to bethe most objective, systematic way of obtaining theseknowledge.

Worth and Value of Research toEducation/Profession and toSociety/Life

• Scientific knowledge is indispensable to man’s survival,Research helps professionals deliver quality educationservices. It provides proofs or evidences to validateand justify the professional existence in the society.

Identifying, Implementing andEvaluating Effective Decisions andActions in Life

• Scientific researches assess individuals or groups planof actions as basis for accurate inventions anddecisions in life.

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Research has the potential forproviding quality life.• It is concerned with the following tasks:

• a. The systematic study of problems or phenomena,using the scientific process of assessing, planning,implementing and evaluating life.

• b. Appropriateness of Technology use

• c. Identifying interventions that can help individualsrespond to change

• d. The initiation and assessment of change as a result ofnew knowledge or technology application.

Why Research?Reasons for Conducting Research

1. Gathers data or information onlife situations or conditions aboutwhich little knowledge is available.

Identify research gap in differentareas

2. Provides scientific knowledgefrom which theories emerge anddevelop.

Consequently, theories derived fromresearch findings serves as basesand guide to scientific practice andfuture researches.

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3. Helps correct, clarify, andvalidate perceptions.

Knowledge is never absolute, itsvalue is either diminishing orincreasing depending on the extentof its use. However, this knowledgemust be continuously tested andvalidated through research.

4. Provides theoretical and scientificbasis for scientific practice.

Research helps improve scienceand technology practice, firms upthe credibility of ones profession;defines the accountability ofscientific practice, and documentsthe cost effectiveness of scienceand technology.

5. Defines the parameters ofresearch and identifies itsboundaries.

Research helps expand knowledgeand use of the technology processin life situations. This consists ofassessment, planning actions orintervention, evaluation anddocumentation of life situations.

6. Documents the social relevanceand efficacy of scientific practicesto people and environment

Research enables men to verify thestrengths and weaknesses of certainmodalities of education and theirimplications in the process ofmeeting the needs and problems ofpeople.

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7. Describes the characteristics ofthe phenomenon/situation aboutwhich little knowledge is known.

More issues and concerns abouttechnology, climate change, andfood security, and health care ariseas technology advances.

8. Predicts probable outcomes ofscientific decisions in relation to lifecomfort and well being.

Research makes it easy forprofessionals to forecast the effectsor consequences of certain actionsand helps anticipate shortfalls.

9. Provides knowledge for purposes ofproblem solving and decision making.

Knowledge that relate to social,economic, political, cultural andtechnological phenomena may haveserious implications to life and socialpractice as it is used in deciding betterways of solving problems.

10. Develops and evaluates theoriesand concepts, and practices thesefor clarity and validity of scientificactions.

Research helps knowledge growand develop, determines itssignificance in order to modify ordevelop new ones, and or revisethese knowledge, based on currentresearch findings.

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11. Prevents undesirable humanreactions.

Research predicts outcome andpotential problems, hence it requiresthe balancing of phenomena thatwill generate positive results andcontrol undesirable outcome; and

12. Develops a considerable degree ofconfidence.

Professional undertakings are intendedto achieve desired men behaviors.Adequate knowledge sustains self-confidence that makes work easier andlighter, unburdened with uncertaintiesand doubtful consequences of actionsintended to restore men’s comfort andmakes life easier.

Why research?

General and Specific PurposesOf Research

Description – Research describesphenomenon.• Example:

CARE. Refers to services rendered by professionaland non- professional nursing personnel to respond to thehealth needs and problems of individuals, families,groups, and communities, intended to bring comfort andease to clients.

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Exploration – Research explores thephenomenon.• Examples:

“What factors influence, affect or relate to theadjustment of salary increase among teachers?”

Explanation – Research seeksclarification of a prevailingsituation to answer questions that ask“why” a phenomenon occurred.

• Examples:

“Why does climate change occur ?”

Prediction and Control – Researchanticipates possible psychology andphysiological reactions to nursinginterventions.

• Example:

“Incidence of low performance in math in younglearners is expected to increase with the millennium age”

Ethical Principlesand Guidelines forResearchers

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1. Informed Consent• The participants must be fully informed about

the nature of research, its purposes andpotential risk and benefits.

2. Beneficence andNonmaleficence• This is a fundamental ethical principle in

research, which means, “to do good” and “todo no harm” to study participants.

3. Respect for Human Dignity• The rights of the study participants must be well

protected and respected.

4. Justice and Fairness• Study participants deserve fair and equitable

treatment before, during and after the studyperiod. The researcher should provide equalchances in the selection process, must complywith agreements in regard to procedures,techniques or benefits due to participants.

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5. Intellectual honesty and respect• Giving acknowledgment/recognition or due

respect to the original/previous work of art.

THANK YOU!For lesson handouts, go to http://jacs.weebly.com