introduction to kinesiology. discipline: 1. is a body of knowledge organized around a theme or focus...

Introduction to Kinesiology

DISCIPLINE:1. Is a body of knowledge organized around a

theme or focus2. Unique way to learn about the discipline

of kinesiology3. Way of knowing about our discipline

1. Performing and watching2. Scholarly study3. Professional practice

Kinesiology is a

discipline or

body of knowledge that focuses on

physical activity

Figure 1.1

WE HAVE DEFINED KINESIOLOGY AS: 1.KNOWLEDGE DERIVED FROM EXPERIENCING 2. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SCHOLARLY STUDY OF 3. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE CENTERED IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY;

•this knowledge becomes part of the discipline when it is embedded in a university curriculum and used by

kinesiologists in their research

Kinesiology

Figure 1.2

Kinesiology• A discipline focused on human physical

activity

• Physical activity knowledge derived from :1. Experience (participate or observe)2. Scholarship (study; ONLY knowledge that is

embedded in college or university kinesiology curriculum or in research, which helps ensure the quality and integrity of the knowledge)

3. Professional practice (to help others achieve physical activity goals)

What Is Physical Activity?

• The centerpiece of kinesiology

• A term for which many definitions exist so we must specify our technical definition

Figure 1.3

Example of Definition That Is Too Exclusive

“…bodily movement that is produced by skeletal muscles and substantially increases energy expenditure.” (italics added)

(U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS] 1996, p. 21)

Our Technical Definition of Physical Activity Does NOT Include…

• Human movements that are Involuntary Performed aimlessly and without a specific

purpose

• All human movement NOT all movement is physical activity. All physical activity is movement.

Our Technical Definition of Physical Activity DOES Include…

• Physical activity that is− intentional,− voluntary, and− directed toward achieving an identifiable goal.

Developing an Understanding of Kinesiology

• Experiential knowledge

• Theoretical knowledge

• Professional practice knowledge

Experiencing Physical Activity

• Direct participation in physical activity is an important source of kinesiological knowledge.

• Observation of physical activity is also an important source of kinesiological knowledge.

• *Page 18 in book!

Studying Physical Activity

• Involves examining physical activity through research and logical, systematic analyses

• Organized within sub disciplines, which have developed into specialized areas of study

Practicing a Physical Activity Profession• Putting knowledge to work in physical activity

careers

• Some knowledge gained through professional practice gets incorporated into university classes

Figure 1.4

Focus of Kinesiology• Exercise

Training Health-related Therapeutic

• Skilled movement Sport Developmental skills

Focus of Kinesiology

• EXERCISE

• Training• Conditioning to improve athletic performance

or other activities• Health-related

• Develop /maintain sound working body• Therapeutic

• Restore previously acquired/developed capabilities

• Examples?

Focus of KinesiologySkilled movement

Sport Form of physical activity Skilled movements Achieve a goal defined by established rules Usually competitive context

Developmental Non sport setting

Rules & competitions irrelevant Some examples?

Figure 1.5

Figure 1.6

Why Kinesiology?Various Names for Kinesiology

Department of…• physical education• health, physical education, recreation, and dance• physical education, health, and leisure studies• physical education and fitness• exercise and health science• sport science and physical education• exercise and sport science• physical education and movement science• movement sciences and leisure studies• food, nutrition, and exercise science• human movement studies• sport studies

Key Organizations Make Name Changes

• The American Academy of Physical Education became the American Academy of Kinesiology and Physical Education (AAKPE)

• The National Association for Health and Physical Education in Higher Education became the National Association for Kinesiology, Health and Physical Education in Higher Education (NAKHPEHE)

• The newly established American Kinesiological Association (AKA)

Holistic Nature of Kinesiology• Although kinesiology usually focuses on the

bodily aspects of physical activity, it is important to remember that human beings are holistic creatures with interrelated cognitions, emotions, bodies, and souls.

Figure 1.7

Figure 1.8

Figure 1.9

Figure 1.10

Kinesiology: A Subdisciplinary View (from Dr. Wughalter)

Sport Psychology

Motor Learning and Control

Sport History

Sport Philosophy

Exercise Physiology

Sport Sociology

Measurement and Statistics

BiomechanicsSport Anthropology

Sport Art

Special Populations Kinesiology

Figure 1.11

Spheres of Professional Practice

Figure 1.13

Ok…switch gears!!!!

Are Physical Activity Professionals Needed?...Yes!

• One reason is the low levels of physical activity and the resulting obesity epidemic facing our nation.

• Take a look at the following slides from the Centers for Disease Control to see how our nation’s level of obesity is on the rise as a result of our low levels of physical activity.

• What impact can you make as a physical activity professional?

Watch the progression of the trend over the years.Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1985

*BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1986

*BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5′4″ (162.5 cm) person.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1987

*BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5′4″ (162.5 cm) person.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1988

*BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4″ (162.5 cm) person.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1989

*BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5′4″ (162.5 cm) person.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990

*BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5′4″ (162.5 cm) person.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1991

*BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5′4″ (162.5 cm) person.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1992

*BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5′4″ (162.5 cm) person.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1993

*BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1994

*BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1995

*BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1996

*BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1997

*BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1998

*BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1999

*BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2000

*BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2001

*BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person.

(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person)*BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2002

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2003

*BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2004

*BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2005

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2006

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990, 1998, 2006

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults• We have never had an epidemic like this that

we have been able to track so thoroughly.• About 60 million adults, or 30 percent of the

adult population, are now obese, which is a doubling of the rate since 1980.

Are Physical Activity Professionals Needed?...Yes!

Here is another illustration of the impact of physical activity on our nation: As obesity rises as a result of low levels of physical activity, so does the prevalence of diabetes.

Take a look at the following slides from the American Medical Association to see how the prevalence of diabetes has changed in our nation.

What impact can you make as a physical activity professional?