interest groups 15. video: the big picture 15 ared_media_1/polisci/presidency/oconner_c...

Interest Groups 15

Video: The Big Picture 15

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15

Describe the historical development of American interest groups

15.1

15.2

Trace the roots of the American interest group system

Learning Objectives

15

Analyze the factors that make an interest group successful

15.3

15.4

Identify several strategies and tactics used by organized interests

Learning Objectives

15

15.5Explain reform efforts geared toward regulating interest groups and lobbyists

Learning Objectives

Video: The Basics

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15

Theories of Interest Group Formation Kinds of Organized Interests

Roots of the American Interest Group System

15.1

Public Interest Groups Seek a collective good

Economic Interest Groups Promote the economic interests of their members

Governmental Units State and local governments lobby, too

Political Action Committees Officially registered fundraising organizations that

represent interest groups

Kinds of Interest Groups 15.1

TABLE 15.1: What are the Characteristics of Selected Interest Groups?

15.1

Video: In Context 15.1

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15.115.1 Subscribers to this theory emphasize the role of the elites in interest group formation:

a. Pluralist theory

b. Disturbance theory

c. Transactions theory

d. None of the above

15.115.1 Subscribers to this theory emphasize the role of the elites in interest group formation:

a. Pluralist theory

b. Disturbance theory

c. Transactions theory

d. None of the above

Video: In the Real World

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15.1

The Development of American Interest Groups

15.2

National Groups Emerge (1830-1889) The Progressive Era (1890-1920) The Rise of the Interest Group State

National Groups Emerge 15.2

American Anti-Slavery Society One of the first national groups

Women’s Christian Temperance Union Sought Prohibition

The Grange Educated farmers and sought legislation

Business Interests Standard Oil Railroad

The Grange 15.2

Organized Labor American Federation of Labor Clayton Act – allowed unions to strike

Business Groups and Trade Associations National Association of Manufacturers Chamber of Commerce

The Progressive Era 15.2

Conservative Response: Religious and Ideological Groups Moral Majority, Christian Coalition and the National Rifle

Association

Business Groups, Corporations, and Associations Chamber of Commerce, Business Roundtable

Organized Labor American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial

Organizations

The Rise of the Interest Group State

15.2

How is the face of union membership changing?

15.2

15.215.2 Which statement concerning the rise of national interest groups is true?

a. Their rise followed improvements in communication networks

b. They generally were concerned with one issue

c. They tended to fall into the public interest category

d. All of the above

15.215.2 Which statement concerning the rise of national interest groups is true?

a. Their rise followed improvements in communication networks

b. They generally were concerned with one issue

c. They tended to fall into the public interest category

d. All of the above

Lobbying Election Activities

What Do Interest Groups Do?

15.3

Lobbying Congress Lobbying the Executive Branch Lobbying the Courts Grassroots Lobbying Protests and Radical Activism

Lobbying 15.3

FIGURE 15.1: How Many Lobbyists Are There? How Much Do They Spend?

15.3

What Role Do Lobbyists Play in Congress?

15.3

Election Activities 15.3

Candidate recruitment and endorsements Getting out the vote Rating the candidates or office holders Campaign contributions

FIGURE 15.2: How Much Money Do Interest Groups Spend on Elections?

15.3

15.315.3 This type of lobbying activity has become a favorite of anti-war and animal activists:

a. Congressional lobbying

b. Executive branch lobbying

c. Lobbying the courts

d. Grassroots lobbying

e. Protests and radical activism

15.315.3 This type of lobbying activity has become a favorite of anti-war and animal activists:

a. Congressional lobbying

b. Executive branch lobbying

c. Lobbying the courts

d. Grassroots lobbying

e. Protests and radical activism

What Makes Interest Groups Successful?

15.4

Leaders Funding and Patrons Members

The fate of interest groups may rest with their leaders William Lloyd Garrison Frances Willard Marian Wright Edelman Pat Robertson

Leaders 15.4

Who are interest group leaders? 15.4

Revenue to cover costs Membership dues Direct-mail solicitations Special events Patrons

Funding and Patrons 15.4

Levels of membership Leadership Working members Dues-paying members “free-riders”

Variety of benefits AAA - roadside assistance AARP - discounts

Members 15.4

How Do Interest Groups Convince Potential Members to Become Dues-Paying Members?

15.4

15.415.4 Material benefits are offered by groups in order to:

a. Combat the free-rider problem

b. Encourage people to join

c. Encourage activity within the group

d. All of the above

15.415.4 Material benefits are offered by groups in order to:

a. Combat the free-rider problem

b. Encourage people to join

c. Encourage activity within the group

d. All of the above

Toward reform: Regulating Interest Groups and Lobbyists

15.5

Regulating Congressional Lobbyists Regulating Executive Branch Lobbyists Regulating Judicial Branch Lobbyists

Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act (1946) Required registration of lobbyists

Lobbying Disclosure Act (1995) Stricter definition of lobbying Tougher registration requirements Report clients and issues Estimate amount paid by clients

Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007 Bans on gifts; longer waiting periods

Regulating Congressional Lobbyists

15.5

Executive Branch Lobbying Disclosure Act Honest Leadership and Open Government Act 1978 Ethics in Government Act

Judicial Branch Few formal regulations Amicus curiae is chief tool

Regulating Executive and Judicial Branch Lobbyists

15.5

15.515.5 Which of these lobbying regulations banned gifts and public speaking fees?

a. Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act

b. Lobbying Disclosure Act

c. Honest Leadership and Open Government Act

d. None of the above

15.515.5 Which of these lobbying regulations banned gifts and public speaking fees?

a. Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act

b. Lobbying Disclosure Act

c. Honest Leadership and Open Government Act

d. None of the above