imperialism in africa

IMPERIALISM IN AFRICA

IMPERIALISM

•IMPERIALISM- extending a nation’s power over other lands.

•Africa seen as new sources of things Euro wanted such as:

1. Raw materials 2.new markets to sell goods3. direct control of markets

4.Rivalries w/ other nations-

5. Social Darwinism: survival of the fittest & racist beliefs

6. White Man’s Burden”- belief that European’s had a responsibility to civilize primitive people

7. spread Christianity

EMPIRE BUILDING IN AFRICA:

Slave trade banned by 1890s so look to other

forms of trade.

•Euro sold textiles & manufactured goods in exchange for resources such as peanuts, timber, palm oil.

DESIRE FOR RESOURCES

•DON’T WRITE•Euros move in. •1874 Great Britain ANNEXES- (incorporates a country w/in a state) Gold Coast.

IMPERIALISM•DON’T WRITE•Gold Coast 1st colony•Brits set up PROTECTORATE (must depend on another govt) in Nigeria.

• DON”T WRITE!!!• France takes

Algeria, Tunisia & Morocco & Fr. West Africa

• Germany gets Togo, Cameroon, German SW Africa & Ger. E. Africa.

AFRICA FALLS

•DON’T WRITE! Dutch(Boers) defeat Zulus & create white run Union of South Africa.

• Italy fails in Ethiopia.

MRS. BARNES WHEN SHE WAKES

UP

EUROPE DIVIDES AFRICA: DON’T WRITE

•Ger, Br, Port, Belgium claim same land.

•Meet at Berlin Conference in 1884 & divide up Africa.

•No African reps

EXPLORATION: DON’T WRITE!

•Many explorers come to Africa including David Livingston who gets lost.

•Is found by journalist Henry Stanley who talks Leopold II of Belgium into colonizing Congo.

•Egypt part of Ottoman Empire until MUHAMMAD ALI took over & est separate Egyptian state.

•Modernized army, reformed schools, created industries.

SUEZ CANAL Ferdinand de Lesseps designs SUEZ CANAL in 1864 to connect Red Sea to Mediterranean Sea for faster shipping

SUEZ CANAL•Brits buy out Egypt’s share of canal & then take over Egypt

DIRECT RULE•France used DIRECT RULE-local officials removed from

power & replaced w/ new set of officials from mother country

INDIRECT RULE•Brits used INDIRECT RULE- local rulers kept positions of power & followed colonizer’s rules.

•Kept local customs, but caused tension

MRS. BARNES & MR BARNES ON THEIR

WEDDING DAY

CHANGES IN AFRICA•1. Colonizers created new govts (direct or indirect)

•2. Educated people in colonizers language & religion

•3. New class of leaders educated in colonial schools & learn western ideas

changes•4. many different ethnic groups forced together

5. Desire for nationalism grew with lost freedoms

6. Became labor to produce raw materials

BRITISH IN INDIA

•DON’T WRITE!•Brits powerful & move into India.

•British East India Trading Company given power by govt to help w/ military & political affairs.

BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY

•BETC wants resources & new markets

SEPOY REBELLION

•BETC had own soldiers & hired Indians (Sepoys) to defend company interests,

but Sepoys refused orders & rebel

•Thought bullets were greased in cow & pig fat ( Sepoys were Hindu or Muslim & this was against beliefs)

SEPOY REBELLION•Revolt spreads, but fails b/c problems btw Hindu’s & Muslims

QUEEN VICTORIA•BETC loses power & Br govt takes over

• Queen Victoria becomes Empress

•Brit rules through a VICEROY-governor who represents monarch

•Benefits of Brit rule included:

• order, stability, new school system, RRs, telegraphs, & trains for transportation of goods & people.

•Problems caused: •Manufactured goods destroy local industry

•grow cotton, not food,• Brits get best jobs•No respect for culture•Corrupt tax collectors

INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS•Indian

nationalists want reform & meet in 1885 to form Indian National Congress.

• (educated in colonial schools)

TAJ MAHAL

INDIA NATIONAL CONGRESS

•INC want share in governing process & Indian independence

•Hindu majority & Muslim minority.

•Muslims want separate Muslim League.

•Afraid Hindus will overrun all others.

MOHANDA GANDHI•1915- Mohandas Gandhi, lawyer, studied in London

• saw racism against Indians.

•Wanted India’s independence.

INDIAN INDEPENDENCE•Led marches &

boycotts.•used traditional

Indian dress, language, seen as a spiritual leader

•Helps get independence in 1947.