imperialism in africa
TRANSCRIPT
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IMPERIALISM IN AFRICA
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IMPERIALISM
•IMPERIALISM- extending a nation’s power over other lands.
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•Africa seen as new sources of things Euro wanted such as:
1. Raw materials 2.new markets to sell goods3. direct control of markets
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4.Rivalries w/ other nations-
5. Social Darwinism: survival of the fittest & racist beliefs
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6. White Man’s Burden”- belief that European’s had a responsibility to civilize primitive people
7. spread Christianity
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EMPIRE BUILDING IN AFRICA:
Slave trade banned by 1890s so look to other
forms of trade.
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•Euro sold textiles & manufactured goods in exchange for resources such as peanuts, timber, palm oil.
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DESIRE FOR RESOURCES
•DON’T WRITE•Euros move in. •1874 Great Britain ANNEXES- (incorporates a country w/in a state) Gold Coast.
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IMPERIALISM•DON’T WRITE•Gold Coast 1st colony•Brits set up PROTECTORATE (must depend on another govt) in Nigeria.
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• DON”T WRITE!!!• France takes
Algeria, Tunisia & Morocco & Fr. West Africa
• Germany gets Togo, Cameroon, German SW Africa & Ger. E. Africa.
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AFRICA FALLS
•DON’T WRITE! Dutch(Boers) defeat Zulus & create white run Union of South Africa.
• Italy fails in Ethiopia.
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MRS. BARNES WHEN SHE WAKES
UP
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EUROPE DIVIDES AFRICA: DON’T WRITE
•Ger, Br, Port, Belgium claim same land.
•Meet at Berlin Conference in 1884 & divide up Africa.
•No African reps
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EXPLORATION: DON’T WRITE!
•Many explorers come to Africa including David Livingston who gets lost.
•Is found by journalist Henry Stanley who talks Leopold II of Belgium into colonizing Congo.
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•Egypt part of Ottoman Empire until MUHAMMAD ALI took over & est separate Egyptian state.
•Modernized army, reformed schools, created industries.
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SUEZ CANAL Ferdinand de Lesseps designs SUEZ CANAL in 1864 to connect Red Sea to Mediterranean Sea for faster shipping
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SUEZ CANAL•Brits buy out Egypt’s share of canal & then take over Egypt
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DIRECT RULE•France used DIRECT RULE-local officials removed from
power & replaced w/ new set of officials from mother country
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INDIRECT RULE•Brits used INDIRECT RULE- local rulers kept positions of power & followed colonizer’s rules.
•Kept local customs, but caused tension
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MRS. BARNES & MR BARNES ON THEIR
WEDDING DAY
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CHANGES IN AFRICA•1. Colonizers created new govts (direct or indirect)
•2. Educated people in colonizers language & religion
•3. New class of leaders educated in colonial schools & learn western ideas
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changes•4. many different ethnic groups forced together
5. Desire for nationalism grew with lost freedoms
6. Became labor to produce raw materials
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BRITISH IN INDIA
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•DON’T WRITE!•Brits powerful & move into India.
•British East India Trading Company given power by govt to help w/ military & political affairs.
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BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY
•BETC wants resources & new markets
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SEPOY REBELLION
•BETC had own soldiers & hired Indians (Sepoys) to defend company interests,
but Sepoys refused orders & rebel
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•Thought bullets were greased in cow & pig fat ( Sepoys were Hindu or Muslim & this was against beliefs)
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SEPOY REBELLION•Revolt spreads, but fails b/c problems btw Hindu’s & Muslims
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QUEEN VICTORIA•BETC loses power & Br govt takes over
• Queen Victoria becomes Empress
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•Brit rules through a VICEROY-governor who represents monarch
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•Benefits of Brit rule included:
• order, stability, new school system, RRs, telegraphs, & trains for transportation of goods & people.
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•Problems caused: •Manufactured goods destroy local industry
•grow cotton, not food,• Brits get best jobs•No respect for culture•Corrupt tax collectors
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INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS•Indian
nationalists want reform & meet in 1885 to form Indian National Congress.
• (educated in colonial schools)
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INDIA NATIONAL CONGRESS
•INC want share in governing process & Indian independence
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•Hindu majority & Muslim minority.
•Muslims want separate Muslim League.
•Afraid Hindus will overrun all others.
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MOHANDA GANDHI•1915- Mohandas Gandhi, lawyer, studied in London
• saw racism against Indians.
•Wanted India’s independence.
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INDIAN INDEPENDENCE•Led marches &
boycotts.•used traditional
Indian dress, language, seen as a spiritual leader
•Helps get independence in 1947.