hortatory and jussive

Hortatory and JussiveLet’s Get Started!

Hortatory and Jussive

Both the hortatory and jussive

subjunctives are used to urge or

encourage someone to do

something, rather than command.

They are both usually translated with

“Let..”

Hortatory

From the verb “hortor, hortarī, hortatus sum” “to urge,” “to encourage,” or “to

exhort” Only in the first person plural “Let us ____”

Ex. “eamus” “let’s go” Negative

“ne” plus subjunctive “ne eamus” “let’s not go”

Jussive From the verb “iubeo, iubēre, iussi, iussus”

“to order” or “to command” In the second or third person “Let him/her/it____”

Ex. “discipuli legant” “let the students read” Negative

“ne” plus subjunctive Not as strong as an imperative, but the

speaker has some control - stronger than wishes (later) “may he rest in peace”

Hortatory and Jussive

Indicative Imperative Subjunctive(fact) (direct command)

(encouragement)We are starting.

Start! Let’s start.

Hortatory and Jussive Subjunctive

Indicative:We are sitting.

Imperative:Sit!

Subjunctive:Let us sit.

Hortatory and Jussive Subjunctive

Indicative:There is light.

Imperative:Light!

Subjunctive:Let there be light!

Hortatory and Jussive Subjunctive

Indicative:We are going.

Imperative:Go!

Subjunctive:Let’s go!

Hortatory and Jussive Subjunctive

Indicative:They are coming.

Imperative:Come!

Subjunctive:Let them come.

Hortatory and Jussive Subjunctive

N.B. “let go” is one verb, so be careful you’re not using the imperative

Let it go, let it go!Turn away and slam the door.I don't care what they're going to say.Let the storm rage on.

Pictures http://25.media.tumblr.com/254f2ec952146772497cdde0dae7b73a/tumblr_mu8a6ivh0d1s3ulybo8_r1_250.gif - Gandalf http://www.funnyjunk.com/funny_pictures/2693066/Dog - Dog http://www.liveleak.com/expired.html - Zombies http://video.disney.com/watch/disney-s-frozen-let-it-go-sequence-performed-by-idina-menzel-4ecd3e729706a16e5090f1de - Let it go http://www.southjordantheatre.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/GoDogGo.jpg - Go Dog Go http://fc01.deviantart.net/fs71/i/2012/155/c/2/let__s_go_bruins___by_hockeybrawl-d529nhb.jpg - Bruins http://velveteenrabbi.blogs.com/.a/6a00d8341c019953ef019b02041032970b-pi - Light http://www.epicurious.com/images/articlesguides/howtocook/primers/camp-cooking-how-to-build-a-fire_2.jpg - Campfire