history sources archaeology primary & secondary sources
Post on 12-Apr-2017
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A Question I meant to ask at the beginning of the year:
If any student is offended by photos of videos of people who have died
since the photo or video was taken or are offended by viewing images of skeletal remains please see me after
class.
I need to know this so I can take care not to offend anyone in this class
The work ‘history’ comes from the ancient Greek word historia, which means ‘investigation’. Understanding that history is an ongoing investigation (or inquiry) is the key to this subject.
History is about thinking, understanding and developing research and other skills that are useful in life.
History is investigation
Historians use all the tools of science,
maths, literature, economics, geography
and more to help solve the riddles of the
past.
In this way historians are like time
detectives.
Historians use an inquiry approach when they investigate controversies and mysteries of the ancient past.
They:• Conduct research to gather evidence from a range of
sources• Evaluate the usefulness of the sources and analyse the
evidence they gather from them
In many cases, when investigating the ancient past, some of the evidence is missing. For this reason, historians need to piece together the past from various types of sources – kind of like putting together a giant jigsaw puzzle that is missing some of its pieces.
History is investigation
Types of Sources or Evidence
Sources
Artefacts such as human remains,
pottery, weapons, tools, coins and art
Writing including
inscriptions carved in stone, and writing on walls, papyrus, clay, wood and
paper
Oral histories past down from generations
or recorded in paintings, dances and
ceremonies
Images (photographs and film from recent history
Types of Artefacts
Types of ArtefactsArt
Archaeologists think early rock art may have been a ‘magical’ ritual to ensure success in an
important activity, such as a hunt
Types of ArtefactsArt
Types of Artefact Sources
Types of Writing Sources
Types of Oral Sources
North American Indians oral traditions
Types of Image Sources
ArchaeologyArchaeology is the study of the remains of the past.
Archaeologists locate and uncover sources of evidence of past peoples. This can include:• skeletal remains• the ruins of buildings and tombs• artefacts they made such as pottery, weapons, tools
and coins• Inscriptions and stone carvings• Rubbish dumps (middens)
Some archaeologists even work underwater to
find sources on the sea bed such as ancient
shipwrecks
Excavating Archaeological sites
Most sources found on land are buried. They
might be covered by soil from floods or by
sand blown by the wind or overgrown by dense
jungle. Some lie beneath other buildings built
over time on the site.
Archaeologists work to locate and excavate
artefacts and other sources of evidence.
Once archaeologists have located an historical site they thing may provide important artefacts and information about the past, it is roped off from the public. These sites are referred to as archaeological digs.
When excavating an archaeological dig great care is
taken to remove the overlying rocks and dirt,
sometimes even using teaspoons and small brushes.
Once an artefact is fully exposed and excavated, the
archaeologist photographs and numbers it and records
details of its description and the exact location where it
was found.
Oinochoe Wine jug ShabtiCalyx Krater Terracotta Army
Primary & Secondary Sources
*Primary Sources are the most reliable
*
• Inscriptions (Writing carved in stone)
Ancient Greek law inscribed in stone
War Diary
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