Secondary Sources

Audio:

AhmekKhmer. Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge National Anthem. Youtube. Youtube, 4 May

2007. Web. 7 Dec. 2013.

This is an audio clip of the beginning of the Khmer Rouge National Anthem. We used it on

our homepage to make an impact when the viewers first open our website.

Barbera, George. Fields. SoundCloud, 1 Apr. 2013. Web. 1 Dec. 2013.

This is an audio clip that we used as background music for when you first open up to our

Khmer Rouge Actions page. It contrasts the bombing of the United States actions page.

Barbera, George. The Music of Zelda Gone Wild. SoundCloud. SoundCloud, 1 Apr.

2013. Web. 1 Dec. 2013.

This is an audio clip that we used as background music on our Prezi.

Kiernan, Ben. Prof. Ben Kiernan: Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity. Youtube. Youtube,

10 Dec. 2008. Web. 23 Nov. 2013.

This interview with Professor Ben Kiernan, published from the Yale University Channel,

discusses genocide throughout history, including the causes and effects. We used an audio clip

from this video to explain what genocide is and how it can be applied to the Khmer Rouge.

Since Ben Kiernan specializes in genocide, this is a very reliable source, but also easily

understood and well-explained.

Books/Print :

“Cambodia." Issues and Controversies in America. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Print.

This encyclopedia indicates some of the lasting effects of the Khmer Rouge. We used this

information for the impact of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia.

Schanberg, Sydney. Beyond the Killing Fields. N.p.: Potomac Books, 2010. Print.

This book provided a lot of detailed information on Cambodia and the genocide committed by

the Khmer Rouge. We used various quotes describing what life was like under the reign of the

Khmer Rouge, and the way each experience was explained will leave a large impact on the

viewers.

"The Prodigal Peace." When the War Was Over: The Voices of Cambodia's Revolution and Its

People. New York: Simon, 1986. 440. Print.

This secondary source illustrates that the United States 'unofficially" supported Pol Pot.

Although they would not support him directly, they encouraged other nations, like China and

Thailand, to support him only because it would aid in Cambodia's independence. This quote

can be used in project to illustrate the purely political role that they played in Cambodia,

because although genocide was occurring under the Khmer Rouge regime, the United States

did not care; they only cared that Cambodia was independent because it would help in their

mission to make Southeast Asia independent.

Databases:

Butwell, Richard. "Cambodia." Lands and Peoples. Grolier Online, 2013. Web. 31Oct. 2013.

This database gives an in depth explanation of Cambodia's history as well as its culture and

economy. The information was used in the background portion of the project.

"Cambodia." CultureGrams Online Edition. ProQuest, 2013. Web. 31 Oct. 2013.

This database provided a lot of cultural information on Cambodia. It gave a summary of

Cambodia before, during, and after the Khmer Rouge and even provided a short current

events section. This source provided a short and brief history of Cambodia. We used it for the

Prezi on Cambodia's history. This source also contained information on Cambodia's

participation in the United Nations.

"Lon Nol." World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 30 Oct. 2013.

This article provides details about Lon Nol and his regime before the Khmer Rouge rose to

power. It explained that corruption led to less support from the people, and provides a good

background for why the Khmer Rouge was able to come to power at that particular time and

how Cambodia's previous political structure lead up to the takeover.

“Truman Doctrine.” Issues & Controversies in American History. Infobase Publishing, 24 May

2006. Web. 24 Nov. 2013.

This article explained the cause of the Truman Doctrine and its effects on the world. We used

this information for the background tab, and also used a quote from President Truman, which

was found in this article. (primary).

"U.S. Response to the Cambodian Genocide." ABC-CLIO eBook Collection. N.p., n.d.

Web. 25 Oct. 2013.

This article gave an overview of the response of the United States of America to the

Cambodian genocide. It helped to illustrate that America did have a hand in supporting the

Khmer Rouge initially, and we used the information for our tab on America.

Images:

"Afghanistan Map." Operation World. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2013.

This is a map of Afghanistan, which we used under our current events tab to illustrate how the

United States actions in Cambodia were similar to those in Afghanistan.

Associated Press. Cambodia's Killing Fields. Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones and Company, 27

July 2010. Web. 7 Dec. 2013.

This is a photograph of a little boy standing next to the remnants of the Cambodian Killing

Fields. We used this image in our slideshow to demonstrate the impact of the Khmer Rouge.

Blindfolded Skulls. Thing You Should Know about Cambodia. Ades Web Magazine,

2011. Web. 5 Dec. 2013.

This is an image of the skulls from the Cambodian Genocide. It clearly illustrates the

blindfolds still tied around the skulls, and creates a graphic image of what conditions were

like under the reign of the Khmer Rouge. We used it in our slide-show to demonstrate overall

impact of the Khmer Rouge.

Cambodian Museum. Cambodian Genocide Facts and Timeline: A Clear Account. Cambodian

Gecko, 3 Apr. 2010. Web. 7 Dec. 2013.

This is a photograph of a memorial at the Cambodian Genocide Museum. We used this image

of skulls lined up to demonstrate the impact the Khmer Rouge had on Cambodia, and it will

be in our slideshow.

"Cambodians in Farm Labor." The New York Times. The New York Times Company, n.d.

Web. 1 Dec. 2013.

This photograph is of farmers from the Khmer Rouge regime. They were forced to do labor

work, and there were many Khmer Rouge members who supervised. They shot many of the

workers for doing insufficient work.

Corbis. Genocide Victims. Life After Cambodia's Killing Fields. Guardian News

and Media Limited, 1 Sept. 2008. Web. 5 Dec. 2013.

This is a photograph of some of the victims of the Cambodian genocide, and it is currently

displayed on the walls of the Tuol Sleng Museum in Cambodia. We used this image to make

an impact on our website, because it shows the victims once living, and then immediately

proceeding this image in the slideshow, we will show the skulls of the victims.

ESRI. "Khmer Rouge Influence Still Strong." Map. Northeast Ohio. Northeast Ohio Media

Group LLC, 31 Mar. 2009. Web. 7 Dec. 2013.

This map of the regions in Cambodia currently under the influence of the Khmer Rouge

signifies the activities of the group, and therefore we used this image under our Current

Events tab.

"Flag of Cambodia." Image. CultureGrams Online Edition. ProQuest, 2013. Web. 1 Dec 2013.

We used this picture of the Cambodian flag in the Background tab of our project to represent

the Cambodian History page of our project. This picture is a secondary source because it isn't

an actual flag of Cambodia. It is just a picture of the flag's design.

"Flag of United States of America." Image. CultureGrams Online Edition. ProQuest, 2013.

Web. 1 Dec 2013.

We used the American Flag to represent The Truman Doctrine page under the Background tab.

This is a secondary source because it isn't a photo of the original flag. It is just a picture of the

flag's design.

Human Skulls. Cambodian Genocide. Blogger, 30 May 2012. Web. 5 Dec. 2013.

This is a photograph of hundreds of Cambodian skulls all lined up. We used it in our

slideshow for impact of the Khmer Rouge, because the sheer number of skulls is astonishing,

and it will leave a lasting impact on the viewer.

"Indochina." Map. World Atlas. Graphic Maps, n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2013.

This image is a map of Indochina. We used this picture in our Prezi so people could better

understand who was involved in the Indochina War.

James, Jacob. "Phnom Penh." Jacob James Photography. N.p., 31 July 2012. Web. 7 Dec.

2013.

This is a photograph of a tree used during the reign of the Khmer Rouge to beat children. Each

rubber band illustrates a child that was beat there. We used this on our website in a slideshow

that illustrates the impact of the Khmer Rouge.

Landmine Survivor. Landmine Action: Key Issues. Landmine Action, 2013. Web. 2

Dec. 2013.

This is a photograph of a landmine survivor in Cambodia. We used it to demonstrate that the

mines laid during the Khmer Rouge regime are still resulting in injuries and deaths today in

Cambodia.

Norfolk, Simon. "Map of Cambodia Using Skulls at S-21, Tuol Sleng." RVision. Randy Pang,

2009. Web. 5 Dec. 2013.

This is a photograph of a map made out of the skulls, from the Cambodian Genocide, in the

Tuol Sleng Museum in Cambodia. We used it in our website as part of a slideshow to illustrate

the impact of the Khmer Rouge, and also to signify that nearly the whole population of

Cambodia died.

"Nuon Chea." Le Journal Du Cambodge- Blog. Roger Barthas, n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2013.

We used this image of Nuon Chea in our website. He is one of the three main leaders in the

Khmer Rouge and so we thought it was important to include his on one of the pages. He was

Pol Pot's right hand man, and did most of the work for the group.

O'Dwyer, Simon. Stung Meanchey Municipal Waste Dump. The Age: Life in Focus. Fairfax

Media, 6 Sept. 2009. Web. 2 Dec. 2013.

This is a photograph of a dump in Cambodia. We used it to illustrate the high levels of poverty

in Cambodia today as a result of the Khmer Rouge.

Owens, Taylor. "Total Ordnance Dropped on Cambodia." Chart. Walrus. Walrus Foundation,

Oct. 2006. Web. 29 Nov. 2013.

This graph illustrates the total weight of bombs dropped over Cambodia at different times

during the Vietnam War. We are using this graph to accompany a quote comparing the amount

of bombs dropped during different wars to the Vietnam War.

Owen, Taylor. "Sites Bombed by the US Air Force in Cambodia." Map. The Walrus.

Walrus Foundation, Oct. 2006. Web. 24 Nov. 2013.

This map illustrates the different sites bombed in Cambodia. This is important because it can

be used to demonstrate the vast amount of land in Cambodia that was destroyed because of the

US bombings. We will use it on the United States actions tab to illustrate where the bombings

were.

Pile of Skulls and Bones. BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2013.

This is an image of the piles of bones that remain from the Khmer Rouge reign. We used this

in our website to visualize that hundreds of deaths of intellectuals in Cambodia.

Sinith, Heng. Shrine of Bones. Boston.com. NY Times, 1 Apr. 2009. Web. 7 Dec.

2013.

This is photograph of a little girl in Cambodia standing next to a shrine of human skulls and

bones from the genocide in Cambodia. We used this image on our website as part of a

slideshow that illustrates the impact of the Khmer Rouge.

Top Surviving Leaders of Khmer Rouge Regime. The Hindu: International News. The

Hindu, 19 Sept. 2010. Web. 5 Dec. 2013.

This is a photograph of the significant surviving leaders of the Khmer Rouge who are being

held on trials for crimes against humanity. We used this to illustrate the Cambodian tribunal

trials against Khmer Rouge leaders, which represents current events.

Woman Cleaning Skulls. The Freedom Agenda. WordPress, n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2013.

This is a photograph of a woman cleaning the skulls from the genocide in Cambodia. We used

this image in our slideshow that illustrates the impact that the Khmer Rouge had on

Cambodia.

News (Magazine, Newspaper, etc.) Article:

Associated Press. Ex-Prison Chief: U.S. Policy Aided Khmer Rouge. NBC News. NBC, 6 Apr.

2009. Web. 31 Oct. 2013.

This article provides information on Khmer Rouge leader, Duch, and his testimony. It includes

his opinions on the United States responsibility in the rise of the Khmer Rouge. This will aid

our project because it illustrates that the United States right to involve Cambodia in its affairs

ultimately had a negative impact, and therefore they did not have the "right" to do so.

Kevin, Doyle. "Putting the Khmer Rouge on Trial." TIME 26 July 2007: n. pag. Web. 5 Dec.

2013.

This website provided us with important information on the Khmer Rouge trials, such as why

they began, how, and what the results were. We used this information and a quote under our

current events tab.

Mackey, Robert. "The Economist Behind the Khmer Rouge." Editorial. New York Times [New

York] 27 June 2011: n. pag. New York Times: News. Web. 2 Dec. 2013. This is an article on

the actions of the Khmer Rouge once they came to power. We used it in our website to signify

the impact that they had on Cambodia's economy.

Mydans, Seth. "Ieng Sary, Former Official of the Khmer Rouge, Dies at 87." New York Times

[New York] 14 Mar. 2013: n. pag. New York Times: Asia Pacific. Web. 7 Dec. 2013.

This is a newspaper article updating the information on the Ieng Sary Trial, and explains that

he had died. We used this as information for the results of the Khmer Rouge Tribunal.

Owen, Taylor, and Ben Kiernan. "Bombs Over Cambodia." Walrus Oct. 2006: n. pag. Walrus

Magazine. Web. 29 Oct. 2013.

This article provided us with statistics and specific details about U.S. involvement in

Cambodia, such as dates, policies, and events. It was biased against the United States,

particularly favoring anti-war supporters and critics of American foreign policy. These details,

as well as some of the pictures will help in our project to illustrate our point that the United

States involvement in Cambodia ultimately had a negative impact for both nations.

SamSam-Ang. "Preserving a Cultural Tradition: Ten Years after the Khmer Rouge.” 14.3.

Spec. issue of Cultural Survival Quarterly Fall 1990: n. pag. Cultural Survival. Web. 17 Nov.

2013.

This article described the impact that the Khmer Rouge had on Cambodian culture. A majority

of the artists and intellectuals were killed, and therefore so was Cambodian culture and arts.

Today, they are attempting to preserve their culture and re-establish art institutions. This will

aid our project when we describe the cultural impact Pol Pot had on Cambodia and its people.

Websites:

Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, ed. "U.S. Relations with Cambodia."U.S. Department

of State. Ed. Office of Website Management, Bureau of Public Affairs. United States State

Department, 15 Aug. 2013. Web. 2 Dec. 2013.

This fact sheet provided us with information on Cambodia's current economic state. In our

website, we used a quote to illustrate Cambodia's dependence, economically, on other nations,

particularly the United States.

"Cambodia." Global Security. Ed. John Pike. GlobalSecurity.org, 2000-2013. Web. 23 Nov.

2013.

This document was helpful in placing the political changes before and during the Vietnam War

in chronological order. This will aid in our background on Cambodia tab, because it illustrates

the key changes that influenced the fate of Cambodia and the rise of the Khmer Rouge.

"Cambodia 1973." U.S. Foreign Policy in Perspective. U.S. Foreign Policy in Perspective,

2009. Web. 23 Nov. 2013.

This article informed me on the United States reaction to Nixon's policy. Since this included

an excessive amount of bombing on Cambodia, eventually the government (Congress) and the

people started to protest. This will be used to demonstrate that the United States (Nixon) did

not have the right to bomb Cambodia to this excess.

"Cambodia: 1970-73." U.S. Foreign Policy in Perspective. U.S. Foreign Policy in Perspective,

2009. Web. 23 Nov. 2013.

This article provided good information regarding how the United States actions were

connected to the political and social changes in Cambodia. It will be useful in our project

because it will illustrate the ignorance of the United States in considering the consequences of

their actions.

"Cambodia's History." Asian Info. AsianInfo.org, 2010. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.

This website provided me with the political state of Cambodia at various different times. I

used this in my Prezi when citing what happened, politically, after the Khmer Rouge fell and

lost power.

"Chronology of Cambodian Events since 1950." Cambodian Genocide Program. Yale

University, 2010. Web. 23 Nov. 2013.

This website provided a timeline of significant Cambodian events that largely impacted their

political, social, or economical state. For our project, this will be very beneficial not only

because it places Cambodian history into perspective, but it helps us to better understand how

the sequence of events impacted the ultimate fate of Cambodia. Parts of this timeline were

used directly in our Prezi.

Cruvellier, Thierry. "Cambodia: Reflections on the Duch Trial." Crimes of War. Crimes of

War Project, 2011. Web. 7 Dec. 2013.

This website provided important information on the results of Duch's trial, as well as the

justifications for his verdict. We used this information for the Khmer Rouge Trials tab on our

website.

Evans, Christine, ed. "Khmer Rouge History." Cambodia Tribunal Monitor. N.p., n.d. Web. 29

Oct. 2013.

This website was a good secondary source because it provided us with a lot of background

information and a general overview of the Khmer Rouge regime. We used it when forming

our outline for the website.

Furr, Grover. Letter. The Montclarion [Montclair] 23 Apr. 1998: 22. Montclair State

University. Web. 17 Nov. 2013.

This document provided me with quotes and evidence for why the United States is responsible

for the rise of Pol Pot. These quotes can benefit our project because they illustrate that the

U.S. bombings were unnecessary, and also explains the political theory of the Khmer Rouge.

"Khmer Rouge History." Cambodia Tribunal Monitor. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2013.

This website provides information on the Khmer Rouge trials going on today. We used it in

our website under current events, to describe the results of the trials.

Kiernan, Ben. “Cambodia's Twisted Path to Justice. History Place: Points of View.”

History Place, 1999. Web. 31 Oct. 2013.

This document explains the relations of different nations, particularly Thailand, China and the

United States, with the Khmer Rouge. It demonstrates that foreign policies and actions

ultimately influenced and encourage the rise of the Khmer Rouge, and essentially Cambodian

Genocide as well. This can be used in our project to prove that other nations share the

responsibility of the Khmer Rouge's massacres, and that Pol Pot (and his political party) are

not the only people responsible, although they are the primary cause.

Kiernan, Ben, and Taylor Owen. "Roots of U.S. Troubles in Afghanistan: Civilian Bombing

Casualties and the Cambodian Precedent." Editorial. Japan Focus. Asia-Pacific Journal, 28

June 2010. Web. 16 Nov. 2013.

This article provided detailed information on the United States' bombing campaigns in

Cambodia. It discussed the conditions of Cambodia before the bombings, the United States'

justification and goals of bombing, and the different phases and results. This can benefit our

project by illustrating the actions of the U.S. that led up to the rise of the Khmer Rouge. It also

helped us with our segment on the connection between the bombings in Cambodia and

Afghanistan.

Klein, Laura. "Former Khmer Rouge Leaders Request Acquittal at Closing Arguments." Jurist.

Jurist Legal News and Research Services, 1 Nov. 2013. Web. 7 Dec. 2013.

This website provided current information on the Nuon Chea and Khieu Samphan trials. We

used it in our current events tab, and as of yet only one Khmer Rouge official has been

committed of war crimes and crimes against humanity.

"Targeting Ho Chi Minh Trail." Essentially Annihilated. Nautilus Institute, 2013. Web. 29

Nov.2013 .

This website described what the Ho Chi Minh trail was used for and where it was. We used it

to illustrate why the United States bombed Cambodia.

"The Colonial Economy." Library of Congress Country Studies. The Library of Congress, Dec.

1987. Web. 24 Nov. 2013.

We used this website for information on Cambodia's economy during French colonialism. The

information was included in our Prezi on Cambodia's history.

Waddington, Ray. "Today's Khmer Rouge." The Peoples of the World Foundation. Peoples of

the World Foundation, n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2013.

This article provides information on the current activities of the Khmer Rouge. We benefitted

from this because it provides information for our current events tab.

Welcome Page. Truth and Reconciliation Commission. DOJ&CD, n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2013.

This website provided us with a general description of what the Truth and Reconciliation

Commission was in Africa. Through this information, we were able to compare it with the

Cambodian Tribunal, and use the information on our current events page. We also used a

quote from this site as well about the reason for setting up this Commission.

Videos:

First Run Features. The Trials of Henry Kissinger: Cambodia. Youtube. Youtube, 25 Mar.

2007. Web. 1 Dec. 2013.

This video describes the results of the United States bombing of Cambodia. We used it to

introduce the United States actions and impact that helped make them responsible for the rise

of the Khmer Rouge, and ultimately the genocide they committed as well. We also used

another clip to summarize the general actions and impact of the Khmer Rouge, which can be

found on the “home page” of the Khmer Rouge Regime.

MilitaryChannelWSC. B52 Operation Arclight. Youtube. Youtube, 14 Aug. 2013. Web.

23 Nov. 2013.

This video is very beneficial because it provides a visual impact of the bombings in

Cambodia. When combined with a quote describing this video, it will hopefully shock viewers

and aid them in recognizing what exactly the United States was doing in Cambodia.

Panh, Rithy, dir. S21: The Khmer Rouge Death Machine. First Run Features, 2003.Film.

This film was very informative on the conditions of the Cambodia camps, particularly S21. It

not only described the conditions, but also the circumstances that helped that prisoners either

survive or in most cases die. We used a video clip to illustrate the routine that the guards

would go through every night with the prisoners in the camp. We also used a quote from the

film in our website to explain the interrogation procedures at the camps.