hazardous waste management_1

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HAZARDOUS WASTE

MANAGEMENT

Presented by:Rahul Pratap Chaudhary(08ME01033)

Anurag Samantaray (08ME01018)K.Vamshi Krishna (08ME01026)

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What is a hazardous Waste?

Potentially hazardous to human health.

Cannot be disposed off by commonmeans.

Requires special disposable techniquesto reduce it.

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Types:

Characteristic Hazardous wastes

1.Ignitablility(flammability)

2.Corrosive3.Reactivity4.Toxic(Poison)

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Types contd:

Listed Hazardous waste based on specificsource or process , no tests required.

The F-List (non specific sources) The K-List (Specific sources) The P-List (Acutely hazardous) The U-List (Hazardous)

The P-list and U-list arebasically Discarded waste.

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Ignitability

A waste exhibits the characteristic ofIgnitability (flammability) if it:

has a flash point less than 60°C (140°F).

is a solid capable of causing fire throughfriction, absorption of moisture/water or

spontaneous chemical change.

is an ignitable compressed gas.

Ex: waste oil and used solvents

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Corrosive

Corrosive wastes are acids or bases (pHless than or equal to 2, or greater thanor equal to 12.5) that are capable ofcorroding metal containers, such as

storage tanks, drums, and barrels.

Ex: Battery acid

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Reactivity

Normally unstable.

Reacts violently with water/moisture.

Forms an explosive mixture with water.

Generates toxic gases when mixed withwater.

Ex: Lithium-sulfur batteries and

explosives

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Toxicity

Toxic wastes are those containingconcentrations of certain substances inexcess of regulatory thresholds whichare expected to cause injury or illness tohuman health or the environment.

Ex: plate processing chemicals andwaste fixer

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Universal Hazardous waste

Universal wastes are a specific type ofhazardous waste generated bymanufacturing industries, commercial

properties, hospitals, auto shops and inthe application of pesticides/herbicides.

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Sources

Industries – Largest source.

Petroleum – oils, grease, suspendedsolids, etc.

Chemical – acids, bases, organic carbonand nitrogen.

Pulp and paper – wood fibers, dioxins,furans.

Consumers – paints, solvents, batteries,pesticides.

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Harmful effects of hazardous

wastes: Health effects from exposure to hazardous waste

can include:a. Cancerb. Birth defects

c. Genetic mutations

Living in proximity to a poorly maintained landfill orhazardous waste site can cause serious health

effects, especially in children.

Some researchers have determined that theoverall risk of birth defects may be increasedslightly by living close to a hazardous waste site.

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Contd: Exposure to harmful chemicals can come from:

Air - Toxic chemicals from the soil can be vaporized inareas such as basements, causing high concentrations ofhazardous chemical gases in the home.

Groundwater - If harmful chemicals are present in the soilsurrounding a water supply, they can seep into the watersupply and cause harmful effects, even in small amounts.

Soil - If a former landfill or waste site is developed as

commercial or residential property without going throughthe proper abatement/remediation measures, soil canremain contaminated long after waste dumping hasceased.

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Why Hazardous Waste Management?

it is required in order to reduce theeffects of the hazardous wastes.

But this obvious answer didn’t come

into our minds until 1989 when thefirst set of Hazardous wastemanagement rules(HWM) came intoforce in India.

So, we are in an urgent need of thistype of managements to preservenatural resources.

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Management

Storage

Treatment

Disposal

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Storage

Temporary containment of waste.

Done for transport or treatment/disposal.

Environment and health hazardous canrise.

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Details for storage

Adequate storage volume should beavailable.

Conveniently located containers.

Segregating hazardous waste (importantfor radioactive wastes).

Treatment and disposal should be

carried out efficiently.

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Treatment:

Recycling

Solidification/stabilization

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Recycling:

Many HWs can be recycled into new products.

Examples - lead-acid batteries or electronic circuitboards where the heavy metals can be recoveredand used in new products.

The most common consumer products recycledinclude aluminium beverage cans ,steel food andaerosol cans, HDPE and PET bottles , glassbottles etc.

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Solidification/Stabilization

Most unique application of cement inwaste management.

Portland cement is mixed into waste to

make it more solid.

Reduce the toxicity and solubility.

Make industrial waste safe

for land disposal.

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Disposal

Neutralization

Incineration ,destruction

Hazardous waste landfill

Pyrolysis

Plasma gasification

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Neutralization

Some HW can be neutralized so that thehazardous component of the waste iseliminated: making it a non-hazardous

waste.

Example - a corrosive acid that is

neutralized with a basic substance sothat it is no-longer corrosive.

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Incineration , destruction and waste

to energy

Involves combustion of organicsubstances contained in waste material.

Ash formed due to inorganicconstituents is carried off by flue gas.

Flue gas is cleaned/treated before

releasing it into the atmosphere. Heat generated used for electric power.

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Hazardous waste landfill (sequestering &

isolation):

Landfill – mostly in deserted pits andmining voids.

Hygienic and inexpensive.

Containing faeces, keeping vermin andrats at bay.

Extraction of landfill gas due through

perforated pipes.

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Pyrolysis:

Some hazardous waste types may beeliminated using pyrolysis in an ultra hightemperature electrical arc, in inertconditions to avoid combustion.

This treatment method may be preferableto high temperature incineration in somecircumstances such as in the destruction ofconcentrated organic waste types,including PCBs, pesticides and otherpersistent organic pollutants.

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Pyrolysis

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Radioactive waste Management

The amount of radioactive wastes is very small relativeto wastes produced by fossil fuel for electricitygeneration.

But even a small amount of this waste can really be

harmful.

The radio active wastes are classified as:

1. Very low level waste

2. Low-level waste3. Intermediate-level waste4. High-level waste.

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contd…

The high-level waste is particularly a richsource a energy which can be tapped.

Some more methods for radioactive wastemanagement are – 

• Vitrification

• Geologic disposal

• Transmutation• Re-use of waste

• Space disposal

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Vitrification

Long-term storage of radioactive waste. stabilization of the waste into a form

which will neither react nor degrade forextended periods of time.

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Geologic disposal -

The process of selecting appropriate deep

final repositories for high level waste.

Transmutation -

the conversion of one chemical element or

isotope into another less harmful element.

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Re-use of waste -

A option to find applications for theisotopes in nuclear waste so as to re-usethem.

Space disposal -

it permanently removes nuclear waste fromthe environment but It may cause

catastrophic failure of a launch vehiclewhich would spread radioactive materialinto the atmosphere and around the world.

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thank you