hasbi sjamsir. is language specific to human,. language and communication

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Possibly it began because men needed a greater 

degree of cooperation with each other in order to

survive, and this cooperation required efficientcommunication (Aitchison, 1982).

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` A system of arbitrary vocal symbols which permits

all people in a given culture, or other people who

have learned the system of that culture, to

communicate or to interact (Finocchiaro &Bonomo, 1973)

` Association between human mind and human

society (Widdowson, 1996)

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` Vocal-auditory channel

` Arbitrariness

` Semanticity

`

Cultural transmission` Spontaneous usage

` Turn-taking

` Duality

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` Structure-dependence

` Intension-reading

` Creativity

` Displacement` Patterning

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` Communication is the meaningful interaction with

people in such a manner that the ideal that the

ideal thought is same and getting the feedback

also (Chhabra, 2009).

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` 2-way process

` happens between or among two or more parties.

(Sender and Receiver)

` Communication involves exchange of ideas,feelings, information, thoughts, and knowledge

` Communication involves mutuality of 

understanding between Sender and Receiver.

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1. Verbal Communication

a. Oral Communication

b. Written Communication

2. Nonverbal Communicationa. Body Language

b. Para Language

c. Sign Language

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` Human language is a patterned system of 

arbitrary sound signals, characterised by structure

dependence, creativity, displacement, and culture

transmission.` In animal communication, there is a connection

between the signal and the message sent.

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` Happens when human is raised by a certain

animal. Consequently, they have very limited

language, because animal does not have LAD

(Language Acquisition Devices). E.g., Tarzan.

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` Children in certain age have an ability to acquire

language quickly.

` Some psychologists claim that children learn to

speak step by step in accordance to their ages.` Firstly, children speak what so called ³one word

utterances´

` Secondly, two-by-two utterances

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` For children, language learning is a discontinuous

process. We may dealing with a tadpole-to-frog

phenomenon, in which the immature tadpole

behaves rather differently from the mature frog.(Gleitman and Wanner, 1082)