hasbi sjamsir. is language specific to human,. language and communication
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8/7/2019 HASBI SJAMSIR. is Language Specific to Human,. Language and Communication
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Possibly it began because men needed a greater
degree of cooperation with each other in order to
survive, and this cooperation required efficientcommunication (Aitchison, 1982).
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` A system of arbitrary vocal symbols which permits
all people in a given culture, or other people who
have learned the system of that culture, to
communicate or to interact (Finocchiaro &Bonomo, 1973)
` Association between human mind and human
society (Widdowson, 1996)
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` Vocal-auditory channel
` Arbitrariness
` Semanticity
`
Cultural transmission` Spontaneous usage
` Turn-taking
` Duality
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` Structure-dependence
` Intension-reading
` Creativity
` Displacement` Patterning
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` Communication is the meaningful interaction with
people in such a manner that the ideal that the
ideal thought is same and getting the feedback
also (Chhabra, 2009).
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` 2-way process
` happens between or among two or more parties.
(Sender and Receiver)
` Communication involves exchange of ideas,feelings, information, thoughts, and knowledge
` Communication involves mutuality of
understanding between Sender and Receiver.
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1. Verbal Communication
a. Oral Communication
b. Written Communication
2. Nonverbal Communicationa. Body Language
b. Para Language
c. Sign Language
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` Human language is a patterned system of
arbitrary sound signals, characterised by structure
dependence, creativity, displacement, and culture
transmission.` In animal communication, there is a connection
between the signal and the message sent.
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` Happens when human is raised by a certain
animal. Consequently, they have very limited
language, because animal does not have LAD
(Language Acquisition Devices). E.g., Tarzan.
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` Children in certain age have an ability to acquire
language quickly.
` Some psychologists claim that children learn to
speak step by step in accordance to their ages.` Firstly, children speak what so called ³one word
utterances´
` Secondly, two-by-two utterances
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` For children, language learning is a discontinuous
process. We may dealing with a tadpole-to-frog
phenomenon, in which the immature tadpole
behaves rather differently from the mature frog.(Gleitman and Wanner, 1082)