groups of the periodic table -...

Bell Ringer 1. The horizontal rows of the periodic

table are referred to as __________. 2. The vertical columns of the periodic

table are referred to as __________ or ___________.

GROUPS OF THE PERIODIC TABLE Physical Science

Groups

• The vertical (up and down) columns on the periodic table are called groups or families

• All of the elements in a group are related, which means that they have similar physical and chemical properties

• All of the elements in a group also have the same number of valence electrons (electrons in their outer shell)

• You should be familiar with all of the groups • Groups that you should pay close attention to are marked with an asterisk (*) on guided notes

Groups of the Periodic Table

Group 1 (or 1A): Alkali Metals

• Includes all elements in Group 1 except hydrogen (H) • Easily lose their 1 valence electron to become positively

charged ions called cations

• Are soft metals (can cut with a knife)

• Least reactive at top; most reactive at bottom

• Dissolve easily in water

Group 1: Alkali Metals

Group 1: Alkali Metals

• Reactivity of the alkali metals

Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals

• Includes all elements in Group 2 • Easily lose their 2 valence electrons to become positively

charged ions called cations

• Are soft metals (can cut with a knife)

• Least reactive at top; most reactive at bottom

• Mg & Ca are important to humans

Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals

Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals

• Reactivity of the alkaline earth metals

Groups 3-12: Transition Metals

• Play an important role in living organisms because our bodies need many of them in order to stay healthy

• Properties vary from group to group

• Most have high densities and high melting points

• Metals in bottom row are found as radioactive isotopes

Group 13: The Boron Family

• Boron is a metalloid. All other elements are metals.

• This group contains aluminum, which is the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust

Group 14: The Carbon Family

• These elements have 4 valence electrons

• Most of the compounds in our body contain carbon

• This group contains silicon, which is the second most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust

Graphite & Diamond

Both are made of carbon atoms.

Group 15: The Nitrogen Family

• These elements have 5 valence electrons

• Contains 2 non-metals, 2 metalloids, and 1 metal

• Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorous (P) are used as fertilizers and are important for our bodies

Group 16: Oxygen Family

• These elements have 6 valence electrons • Contains a 3 non-metals and 2 metalloids

• Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust

• Living things use oxygen to release the energy that is stored in foods

Group 17: The Halogens

• These elements have 7 valence electrons • All are highly reactive non-metals. They do not exist in

nature as free elements

• Fluorine is used for the prevention of tooth decay

• Chlorine is used as a disinfectant

Group 17: The Halogens

• Reactivity of the halogens

Group 18: The Noble Gases

• These elements have 8 valence electrons • All are non-metals

• All are colorless, odorless, and extremely unreactive

• Passing electric current through all except radon produces different colors of light

Transition Metals

Recap: Groups of the Periodic Table

For the rest of class…

• Complete periodic table coloring activity • Must be completed by the end of the class period!

• When finished, turn in and get Worksheet 5.2 • Finish Worksheet 5.2 for homework if needed

Transition Metals

Recap: Groups of the Periodic Table

THE END!