grid maintenance
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A smart grid is a form of electricity
networkutilising digital technology.
A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers toconsumers using two-way digital communications to
control appliances at consumers' homes.
This saves energy, reduces costs and increases
reliability and transparency.
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It overlays the ordinary electrical
grid with an information and net
metering system, that includes smart
meters.
Smart grids are being promoted by many
governments as a way of addressing energy independence, global
warming and emergency resilience issues
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A smart grid includes an intelligent
monitoring system that keeps track of all
electricity flowing in the system.
It also has the capability of
integrating renewable electricity such assolar and wind.
Other names for smart grid includessmart electric or power grid, inteligent grid,
future grid and the more modren inter grid
and intra grid.
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WHAT A SMART GRID IS ?WHAT A SMART GRID IS ?
The function of an Electrical grid is not asingle entity but an aggregate of multiple
networks and multiple power generation
companies with multiple operators
employing varying levels of communicationand coordination, most of which is manually
controlled
Smart grids increase the connectivity,
automation and coordination between
these suppliers, consumers and networks
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SMART GRIDSMART GRID
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SMART GRID SECURINGSMART GRID SECURING
SUBSTATIONSUBSTATION
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HISTORYHISTORY
Today's alternating current power
grid evolved after 1896, based in part
on Nikola Tesla's design published in 1888
(see War of Currents).
Many implementation decisions that are
still in use today were made for the firsttime using the limited emerging
technology available 120 years ago.
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Specific obsolete power grid assumptions
and features represent a vision of whatwas thought possible in the 19th century.
Over the past 50 years, electricity networkshave not kept pace with modern
challenges, such as:
Security threats, from either energy
suppliers or cyber attack
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National goals to employ alternative power
generation sources whose intermittent
supply makes maintaining stable powersignificantly more complex
Conservation goals that seek to lessenpeak demand surges during the day so that
less energy is wasted in order to ensure
adequate reserves
High demand for an electricity supply that
is uninterruptible
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ADVANCED COMPONENTSADVANCED COMPONENTS
Innovations in superconductivity, faulttolerance, storage, power electronics, anddiagnostics components are changing
fundamental abilities and characteristicsof grids.
Technologies within these broad R&Dcategories include:
High voltage direct current,
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First and second generation
Superconducting wire,
High temperature superconducting cable,
Distributed energy generation and storage
devices,
Composite conductors, and intelligent
appliances.
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ADVANCED CONTROLADVANCED CONTROL
Distributed intelligent agents (control
systems),
Analytical tools (software algorithms and
high-speed computers), and
Operational applications
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SMART GRID FUNCTIONSSMART GRID FUNCTIONS
The governments and utilities fundingdevelopment of grid modernization have definedthe functions required for smart grids
According to the United States Department ofEnergy's Modern Grid Initiative report[26], amodern smart grid must:
Be able to heal itself
Motivate consumers to actively participate inoperations of the grid
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Resist attack
Provide higher quality power that will savemoney wasted from outages
Accommodate all generation and storage
options
Enable electricity markets to flourish
Run more efficiently
Enable higher penetration of intermittentpower generation sources
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FEATURESFEATURES
Existing and planned
implementations of smart gridsprovide a wide range of features
to perform the required
functions
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SMART ENERGY DEMANDSMART ENERGY DEMAND
Smart energy demand describes the energy
user component of the smart grid.
Smart energy demand is what delivers themajority of smart meter and smart gridbenefits.
Smart energy demand is a broad concept
It includes any energy-user actions to:
Enhancement of reliability
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shift usage to off-peak hours,
lower total energy consumption,
actively manage electric vehicle
charging,
reduce peak demand,
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Smart Energy Demand mechanisms and
tactics include:
smart meters,
dynamic pricing,
smart thermostats and smart appliances,
automated control of equipment,
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SMART METERSMART METER
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SMART GRID POWER LINESMART GRID POWER LINE
TOWERTOWER
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