grid maintenance

8/2/2019 Grid Maintenance

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A smart grid is a form of electricity

networkutilising digital technology.

A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers toconsumers using two-way digital communications to

control appliances at consumers' homes.

This saves energy, reduces costs and increases

reliability and transparency.


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It overlays the ordinary electrical

grid with an information and net

metering system, that includes smart

meters.

Smart grids are being promoted by many

governments as a way of addressing energy independence, global

warming and emergency resilience issues


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A smart grid includes an intelligent

monitoring system that keeps track of all

electricity flowing in the system.

It also has the capability of

integrating renewable electricity such assolar and wind.

Other names for smart grid includessmart electric or power grid, inteligent grid,

future grid and the more modren inter grid

and intra grid.


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WHAT A SMART GRID IS ?WHAT A SMART GRID IS ?

The function of an Electrical grid is not asingle entity but an aggregate of multiple

networks and multiple power generation

companies with multiple operators

employing varying levels of communicationand coordination, most of which is manually

controlled

Smart grids increase the connectivity,

automation and coordination between

these suppliers, consumers and networks


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SMART GRIDSMART GRID


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SMART GRID SECURINGSMART GRID SECURING

SUBSTATIONSUBSTATION


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HISTORYHISTORY

Today's alternating current power

grid evolved after 1896, based in part

on Nikola Tesla's design published in 1888

(see War of Currents).

Many implementation decisions that are

still in use today were made for the firsttime using the limited emerging

technology available 120 years ago.


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Specific obsolete power grid assumptions

and features represent a vision of whatwas thought possible in the 19th century.

Over the past 50 years, electricity networkshave not kept pace with modern

challenges, such as:

Security threats, from either energy

suppliers or cyber attack


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National goals to employ alternative power

generation sources whose intermittent

supply makes maintaining stable powersignificantly more complex

Conservation goals that seek to lessenpeak demand surges during the day so that

less energy is wasted in order to ensure

adequate reserves

High demand for an electricity supply that

is uninterruptible


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ADVANCED COMPONENTSADVANCED COMPONENTS

Innovations in superconductivity, faulttolerance, storage, power electronics, anddiagnostics components are changing

fundamental abilities and characteristicsof grids.

Technologies within these broad R&Dcategories include:

High voltage direct current,


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First and second generation

Superconducting wire,

High temperature superconducting cable,

Distributed energy generation and storage

devices,

Composite conductors, and intelligent

appliances.


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ADVANCED CONTROLADVANCED CONTROL

Distributed intelligent agents (control

systems),

Analytical tools (software algorithms and

high-speed computers), and

Operational applications


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SMART GRID FUNCTIONSSMART GRID FUNCTIONS

The governments and utilities fundingdevelopment of grid modernization have definedthe functions required for smart grids

According to the United States Department ofEnergy's Modern Grid Initiative report[26], amodern smart grid must:

Be able to heal itself

Motivate consumers to actively participate inoperations of the grid


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Resist attack

Provide higher quality power that will savemoney wasted from outages

Accommodate all generation and storage

options

Enable electricity markets to flourish

Run more efficiently

Enable higher penetration of intermittentpower generation sources


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FEATURESFEATURES

Existing and planned

implementations of smart gridsprovide a wide range of features

to perform the required

functions


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SMART ENERGY DEMANDSMART ENERGY DEMAND

Smart energy demand describes the energy

user component of the smart grid.

Smart energy demand is what delivers themajority of smart meter and smart gridbenefits.

Smart energy demand is a broad concept

It includes any energy-user actions to:

Enhancement of reliability


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shift usage to off-peak hours,

lower total energy consumption,

actively manage electric vehicle

charging,

reduce peak demand,


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Smart Energy Demand mechanisms and

tactics include:

smart meters,

dynamic pricing,

smart thermostats and smart appliances,

automated control of equipment,


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SMART METERSMART METER


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SMART GRID POWER LINESMART GRID POWER LINE

TOWERTOWER

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