green taxes/subsidies vt law school class 7 gary flomenhoft, research associate gund institute...
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Green Taxes/SubsidiesVT Law SchoolClass 7
Gary Flomenhoft, Research AssociateGund InstituteBurlington, VT
Rival}
Non-rival}
Excludable Non-Excludable
Market Good: Food, clothes, cars, land, timber, fish once captured, farmed fish, regulated pollution
Potential market good(Tragedy of the “non-commons”)but inefficient: patented information,Pond, roads (congestible),streetlights
Pure Public Good:climate stability, ozone layer, clean air/water/land, Biodiversity, information, habitat, life support functions, etc.
Open Access Regime: (misnamed: Tragedy of the commons)Oceanic fisheries, timberetc. from unprotected forests, air pollution, waste absorption capacity
Non-rival,congestible
Private beaches, private gardens, toll roads, zoos, movies
Public beaches, gardens, roads, etc.
Non-market allocation mechanisms
Government
International agencies
NGOs
Individuals
Families
Others?
EU Green taxes
EU Types of Green taxes
GREEN TAX SHIFT
Oil Subsidies
US Oil subsidies vs. global PV sales
5.2
1.1
11.8
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
US oil subsidies Global PV sales
Billio
ns o
f U
S $
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