green architecture industrial age: harnessing steam using coal, then later, oil. combustion engine...

Green Architecture

• Industrial age: harnessing steam using coal, then later, oil. Combustion engine and turbine followed.

• 19th c. produced iron & steel in large quantities could be used in building

• 20th c. industrial methods for making sheet glass, fluorescent lamps, and air conditioning made possible large buildings sealed off from the natural environment

Going Green

• Like other benefits of industrialization, these buildings cost the environment

• Can we create a healthier & less wasteful human habitat? This is the heart of green architecture

• Preserving & updating existing structures is one of the basic practices- it is not always necessary to build new

Green on a Larger Scale

• Four Times Square• Largest building in US to establish

standards for energy conservation, indoor air quality, recycling systems, and sustainable manufacturing processes

• Contractors required to recycle waste- 65 percent was reclaimed

• Steel structure at top stabilizes building so less steel needed in building overall

Greenness

• Exterior glass is advanced type that admits maximum daylight, blocks solar hear, minimizes heat loss during winter

• Inside- biodegradable, renewable, nontoxic materials with sustainable harvested wood

• Energy-efficient lighting, low-use water systems• Gray water is recycled• Natural gas pro9cues hot/cold water (not

chlorofluorocarbons harmful to ozone layer)• Fresh air taken in at higher elevations

Energy Conservation

• Produces much of its own energy• Voltaic panels convert sunlight into electricity• Power comes from 2 fuel cells set on exterior,

that use natural gas• The two cells provide 60 percent of night time

electricity needs• Gas is nonrenewable buy cleaner than coal or oil

& these cells are the cleanest & most efficient

Cultural Response

• Architects respond to the local landscape, climate, culture, building traditions rather than impose Western styles

• Why should architecture look the same everywhere?

• Jean Marie Tjibaou was a leader of the Kanak people, center dedicated to preserving & transmitting this culture

Cultural Connection

• Piano researched, working with local anthropologist and Kanak advisors

• Goal was to blend current building technologies with Kanak traditions

• Kanak dwellings have vertical staves that meet at the top, and weave horizontal elements in & out as in basketry

• Center consists of 10 of these pavilions linked by walkway that resembles a Kanak village

• Basket-like structures ventilate rooms, lit by daylight• Wood & bamboo construction is endlessly renewable

Paper as a Building Material

• Shigeru Ban Japan Pavilion constructed from paper: easily & inexpensively manufactured, available almost everywhere, completely recyclable

• Goal: to create temporary structure that could be entirely recycled or reused

• Inner framework of weatherproofed paper tubes lashed together with tape

• Exterior paper membrane stretched over lightweight wooden arches that allow daylight

• Foundation is steel-reinforced boxes of sand