glutaraldehyde1
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Glutaraldehyde
Jason Mason
Health Risks
bull Potential Acute Health Effectsbull Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant) of eye
contact (irritant) of ingestion of inhalation (lung irritant lung sensitizer)
bull Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (sensitizer permeator) Liquid or spray mist may produce tissue damage particularly
bull on mucous membranes of eyes mouth and respiratory tract Skin contact may produce burns Inhalation of the spray mist may
bull produce severe irritation of respiratory tract characterized by coughing choking or shortness of breath Severe over-exposure
bull can result in death
bull Potential Chronic Health Effectsbull CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS Classified A4 (Not classifiable for
human or animal) by ACGIH [Glutaraldehyde] MUTAGENICbull EFFECTS Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells
[Glutaraldehyde] Mutagenic for bacteria andor yeast [Glutaraldehyde]
bull TERATOGENIC EFFECTS Not available DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY Classified Reproductive systemtoxinfemale
bull Reproductive systemtoxinmale [SUSPECTED] [Glutaraldehyde] The substance may be toxic to blood the reproductive
bull system liver mucous membranes spleen central nervous system (CNS) Urinary System Repeated or prolonged exposure
bull to the substance can produce target organs damage Repeated or prolonged contact with spray mist may produce chronic
bull eye irritation and severe skin irritation Repeated or prolonged exposure to spray mist may produce respiratory tract irritation
bull leading to frequent attacks of bronchial infection Repeated exposure to a highly toxic material may produce general
bull deterioration of health by an accumulation in one or many human organs
History
A successful method of industrial production was patented in the late 1950s by a Diels-Alder type reaction of acrolein and vinylethyl ether forming 2-ethoxy-3 4-dihydro-2H-pyran which readily hydrolyzes to glutaraldehyde with a by product of ethano Interest in glutaraldehyde peaked in the early 1960s when several investigations found it to have outstanding disinfection and sterilization capabilities even surpassing formaldehyde the standard of the disinfection industry at the time By 1963 high-level disinfectants cold-chemical sterilants and potent sporicides were marketed with glutaraldehyde as the active ingredient Interest has been intense throughout the years for glutaraldehyde right up to the present as it still is essentially the gold-standard for chemical forms of sterilization All disinfectants and new alternative disinfectant chemicals efficacy are based upon comparison to glutaraldehyde efficacy
Production and StructureGlutaraldehyde is produced industrially by the oxidation of cyclopentene
and by the Diels-Alder reaction of acrolein and methyl vinyl ether followed by hydrolysis
Like other dialdehydes (eg glyoxal) it does not exist as the dialdehyde but as the hydrate These hydrates adopt several structures
Monomeric glutaraldehyde can polymerize by aldol condensation reaction yielding alpha beta-unsaturated poly-glutaraldehyde This
reaction usually occurs at alkaline pH values
Also used forA cold sterilant in the health care
industryA cross-linking and tanning agentA biocide in metalworking fluids
and in oil and gas pipelinesAn antimicrobial in water-
treatment systemsA slimicide in paper
manufacturingA preservative in cosmetics
A disinfectant in animal housingA tissue fixative in histology and
pathology labsA hardening agent in the
development of X-raysIn embalming solutions
In the preparation of grafts and bioprostheses
In various clinical applications
Glutaraldehyde amp FormaldehydeFormaldehyde and glutaraldehyde each have much to offer to the modern embalming industry Formaldehyde excels in certain embalming scenarios such as edema and presents rapid and classical results familiar to embalmers Glutaraldehyde excels at sanitizing abilitymildness of reaction tissue clearing cosmetic effect and prolonged delayed action Glutaraldehyde is excellent in cavity fluids where contact times are long and resistant fixation is essential In arterial injections of typically normal bodies pre-injection of glutaraldehyde followed by formaldehyde injection torapidly induce hardness of tissue or injection of glutaraldehydelow formaldehyde mixes to moderate reaction yield excellent results It is shocking how little formaldehyde is needed to yield classical signs of embalming (firmness rigidity skin tightness) in normal body injections (typically 4-6 ounces in the last part of the injection of a moderate concentration [index 20] fluid) Injections that stress and take advantage of the inherent advantages of both aldehydes yield the consistently best embalming results The overall goal of chemical selection mix in the modern embalming room should be a juxtaposition of lowered total overall exposure risk balanced against sufficient and effective embalming results
Works Citedbull Pg 2 MSDS for GlutaraldehydeWater 5050
httpwwwsciencelabcommsdsphpmsdsId=9924161
bull Pg 3 Chemical Labels httpwwwchemicallabelscomimglgLGlutaraldehyde-NFPA-Chemical-Label-LB-1592-063gif
bull Pg 4 Expanding Encyclopedia of Mortuary Practices No 649 2003 by Bendito James httpsdocsgooglecomviewerurl=http3A2F2Fwwwchampion-neweracom2FCHAMPPDFS2Fencyclo649pdf
bull Pg 5 Wikipedia
bull httpenwikipediaorgwikiGlutaraldehyde
bull Pg 6 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention httpwwwcdcgovnioshtopicsglutaraldehyde
bull Pg 7 Expanding Encyclopedia of Mortuary Practices No 649 2003 by Bendito James
bull httpsdocsgooglecomviewerurl=http3A2F2Fwwwchampion-neweracom2FCHAMPPDFS2Fencyclo649pdf
bull Pg 8 Macherey-Nagel
bull httpwwwmn-netcomtabid11208defaultaspx
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
-
Health Risks
bull Potential Acute Health Effectsbull Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant) of eye
contact (irritant) of ingestion of inhalation (lung irritant lung sensitizer)
bull Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (sensitizer permeator) Liquid or spray mist may produce tissue damage particularly
bull on mucous membranes of eyes mouth and respiratory tract Skin contact may produce burns Inhalation of the spray mist may
bull produce severe irritation of respiratory tract characterized by coughing choking or shortness of breath Severe over-exposure
bull can result in death
bull Potential Chronic Health Effectsbull CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS Classified A4 (Not classifiable for
human or animal) by ACGIH [Glutaraldehyde] MUTAGENICbull EFFECTS Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells
[Glutaraldehyde] Mutagenic for bacteria andor yeast [Glutaraldehyde]
bull TERATOGENIC EFFECTS Not available DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY Classified Reproductive systemtoxinfemale
bull Reproductive systemtoxinmale [SUSPECTED] [Glutaraldehyde] The substance may be toxic to blood the reproductive
bull system liver mucous membranes spleen central nervous system (CNS) Urinary System Repeated or prolonged exposure
bull to the substance can produce target organs damage Repeated or prolonged contact with spray mist may produce chronic
bull eye irritation and severe skin irritation Repeated or prolonged exposure to spray mist may produce respiratory tract irritation
bull leading to frequent attacks of bronchial infection Repeated exposure to a highly toxic material may produce general
bull deterioration of health by an accumulation in one or many human organs
History
A successful method of industrial production was patented in the late 1950s by a Diels-Alder type reaction of acrolein and vinylethyl ether forming 2-ethoxy-3 4-dihydro-2H-pyran which readily hydrolyzes to glutaraldehyde with a by product of ethano Interest in glutaraldehyde peaked in the early 1960s when several investigations found it to have outstanding disinfection and sterilization capabilities even surpassing formaldehyde the standard of the disinfection industry at the time By 1963 high-level disinfectants cold-chemical sterilants and potent sporicides were marketed with glutaraldehyde as the active ingredient Interest has been intense throughout the years for glutaraldehyde right up to the present as it still is essentially the gold-standard for chemical forms of sterilization All disinfectants and new alternative disinfectant chemicals efficacy are based upon comparison to glutaraldehyde efficacy
Production and StructureGlutaraldehyde is produced industrially by the oxidation of cyclopentene
and by the Diels-Alder reaction of acrolein and methyl vinyl ether followed by hydrolysis
Like other dialdehydes (eg glyoxal) it does not exist as the dialdehyde but as the hydrate These hydrates adopt several structures
Monomeric glutaraldehyde can polymerize by aldol condensation reaction yielding alpha beta-unsaturated poly-glutaraldehyde This
reaction usually occurs at alkaline pH values
Also used forA cold sterilant in the health care
industryA cross-linking and tanning agentA biocide in metalworking fluids
and in oil and gas pipelinesAn antimicrobial in water-
treatment systemsA slimicide in paper
manufacturingA preservative in cosmetics
A disinfectant in animal housingA tissue fixative in histology and
pathology labsA hardening agent in the
development of X-raysIn embalming solutions
In the preparation of grafts and bioprostheses
In various clinical applications
Glutaraldehyde amp FormaldehydeFormaldehyde and glutaraldehyde each have much to offer to the modern embalming industry Formaldehyde excels in certain embalming scenarios such as edema and presents rapid and classical results familiar to embalmers Glutaraldehyde excels at sanitizing abilitymildness of reaction tissue clearing cosmetic effect and prolonged delayed action Glutaraldehyde is excellent in cavity fluids where contact times are long and resistant fixation is essential In arterial injections of typically normal bodies pre-injection of glutaraldehyde followed by formaldehyde injection torapidly induce hardness of tissue or injection of glutaraldehydelow formaldehyde mixes to moderate reaction yield excellent results It is shocking how little formaldehyde is needed to yield classical signs of embalming (firmness rigidity skin tightness) in normal body injections (typically 4-6 ounces in the last part of the injection of a moderate concentration [index 20] fluid) Injections that stress and take advantage of the inherent advantages of both aldehydes yield the consistently best embalming results The overall goal of chemical selection mix in the modern embalming room should be a juxtaposition of lowered total overall exposure risk balanced against sufficient and effective embalming results
Works Citedbull Pg 2 MSDS for GlutaraldehydeWater 5050
httpwwwsciencelabcommsdsphpmsdsId=9924161
bull Pg 3 Chemical Labels httpwwwchemicallabelscomimglgLGlutaraldehyde-NFPA-Chemical-Label-LB-1592-063gif
bull Pg 4 Expanding Encyclopedia of Mortuary Practices No 649 2003 by Bendito James httpsdocsgooglecomviewerurl=http3A2F2Fwwwchampion-neweracom2FCHAMPPDFS2Fencyclo649pdf
bull Pg 5 Wikipedia
bull httpenwikipediaorgwikiGlutaraldehyde
bull Pg 6 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention httpwwwcdcgovnioshtopicsglutaraldehyde
bull Pg 7 Expanding Encyclopedia of Mortuary Practices No 649 2003 by Bendito James
bull httpsdocsgooglecomviewerurl=http3A2F2Fwwwchampion-neweracom2FCHAMPPDFS2Fencyclo649pdf
bull Pg 8 Macherey-Nagel
bull httpwwwmn-netcomtabid11208defaultaspx
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
-
History
A successful method of industrial production was patented in the late 1950s by a Diels-Alder type reaction of acrolein and vinylethyl ether forming 2-ethoxy-3 4-dihydro-2H-pyran which readily hydrolyzes to glutaraldehyde with a by product of ethano Interest in glutaraldehyde peaked in the early 1960s when several investigations found it to have outstanding disinfection and sterilization capabilities even surpassing formaldehyde the standard of the disinfection industry at the time By 1963 high-level disinfectants cold-chemical sterilants and potent sporicides were marketed with glutaraldehyde as the active ingredient Interest has been intense throughout the years for glutaraldehyde right up to the present as it still is essentially the gold-standard for chemical forms of sterilization All disinfectants and new alternative disinfectant chemicals efficacy are based upon comparison to glutaraldehyde efficacy
Production and StructureGlutaraldehyde is produced industrially by the oxidation of cyclopentene
and by the Diels-Alder reaction of acrolein and methyl vinyl ether followed by hydrolysis
Like other dialdehydes (eg glyoxal) it does not exist as the dialdehyde but as the hydrate These hydrates adopt several structures
Monomeric glutaraldehyde can polymerize by aldol condensation reaction yielding alpha beta-unsaturated poly-glutaraldehyde This
reaction usually occurs at alkaline pH values
Also used forA cold sterilant in the health care
industryA cross-linking and tanning agentA biocide in metalworking fluids
and in oil and gas pipelinesAn antimicrobial in water-
treatment systemsA slimicide in paper
manufacturingA preservative in cosmetics
A disinfectant in animal housingA tissue fixative in histology and
pathology labsA hardening agent in the
development of X-raysIn embalming solutions
In the preparation of grafts and bioprostheses
In various clinical applications
Glutaraldehyde amp FormaldehydeFormaldehyde and glutaraldehyde each have much to offer to the modern embalming industry Formaldehyde excels in certain embalming scenarios such as edema and presents rapid and classical results familiar to embalmers Glutaraldehyde excels at sanitizing abilitymildness of reaction tissue clearing cosmetic effect and prolonged delayed action Glutaraldehyde is excellent in cavity fluids where contact times are long and resistant fixation is essential In arterial injections of typically normal bodies pre-injection of glutaraldehyde followed by formaldehyde injection torapidly induce hardness of tissue or injection of glutaraldehydelow formaldehyde mixes to moderate reaction yield excellent results It is shocking how little formaldehyde is needed to yield classical signs of embalming (firmness rigidity skin tightness) in normal body injections (typically 4-6 ounces in the last part of the injection of a moderate concentration [index 20] fluid) Injections that stress and take advantage of the inherent advantages of both aldehydes yield the consistently best embalming results The overall goal of chemical selection mix in the modern embalming room should be a juxtaposition of lowered total overall exposure risk balanced against sufficient and effective embalming results
Works Citedbull Pg 2 MSDS for GlutaraldehydeWater 5050
httpwwwsciencelabcommsdsphpmsdsId=9924161
bull Pg 3 Chemical Labels httpwwwchemicallabelscomimglgLGlutaraldehyde-NFPA-Chemical-Label-LB-1592-063gif
bull Pg 4 Expanding Encyclopedia of Mortuary Practices No 649 2003 by Bendito James httpsdocsgooglecomviewerurl=http3A2F2Fwwwchampion-neweracom2FCHAMPPDFS2Fencyclo649pdf
bull Pg 5 Wikipedia
bull httpenwikipediaorgwikiGlutaraldehyde
bull Pg 6 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention httpwwwcdcgovnioshtopicsglutaraldehyde
bull Pg 7 Expanding Encyclopedia of Mortuary Practices No 649 2003 by Bendito James
bull httpsdocsgooglecomviewerurl=http3A2F2Fwwwchampion-neweracom2FCHAMPPDFS2Fencyclo649pdf
bull Pg 8 Macherey-Nagel
bull httpwwwmn-netcomtabid11208defaultaspx
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
-
Production and StructureGlutaraldehyde is produced industrially by the oxidation of cyclopentene
and by the Diels-Alder reaction of acrolein and methyl vinyl ether followed by hydrolysis
Like other dialdehydes (eg glyoxal) it does not exist as the dialdehyde but as the hydrate These hydrates adopt several structures
Monomeric glutaraldehyde can polymerize by aldol condensation reaction yielding alpha beta-unsaturated poly-glutaraldehyde This
reaction usually occurs at alkaline pH values
Also used forA cold sterilant in the health care
industryA cross-linking and tanning agentA biocide in metalworking fluids
and in oil and gas pipelinesAn antimicrobial in water-
treatment systemsA slimicide in paper
manufacturingA preservative in cosmetics
A disinfectant in animal housingA tissue fixative in histology and
pathology labsA hardening agent in the
development of X-raysIn embalming solutions
In the preparation of grafts and bioprostheses
In various clinical applications
Glutaraldehyde amp FormaldehydeFormaldehyde and glutaraldehyde each have much to offer to the modern embalming industry Formaldehyde excels in certain embalming scenarios such as edema and presents rapid and classical results familiar to embalmers Glutaraldehyde excels at sanitizing abilitymildness of reaction tissue clearing cosmetic effect and prolonged delayed action Glutaraldehyde is excellent in cavity fluids where contact times are long and resistant fixation is essential In arterial injections of typically normal bodies pre-injection of glutaraldehyde followed by formaldehyde injection torapidly induce hardness of tissue or injection of glutaraldehydelow formaldehyde mixes to moderate reaction yield excellent results It is shocking how little formaldehyde is needed to yield classical signs of embalming (firmness rigidity skin tightness) in normal body injections (typically 4-6 ounces in the last part of the injection of a moderate concentration [index 20] fluid) Injections that stress and take advantage of the inherent advantages of both aldehydes yield the consistently best embalming results The overall goal of chemical selection mix in the modern embalming room should be a juxtaposition of lowered total overall exposure risk balanced against sufficient and effective embalming results
Works Citedbull Pg 2 MSDS for GlutaraldehydeWater 5050
httpwwwsciencelabcommsdsphpmsdsId=9924161
bull Pg 3 Chemical Labels httpwwwchemicallabelscomimglgLGlutaraldehyde-NFPA-Chemical-Label-LB-1592-063gif
bull Pg 4 Expanding Encyclopedia of Mortuary Practices No 649 2003 by Bendito James httpsdocsgooglecomviewerurl=http3A2F2Fwwwchampion-neweracom2FCHAMPPDFS2Fencyclo649pdf
bull Pg 5 Wikipedia
bull httpenwikipediaorgwikiGlutaraldehyde
bull Pg 6 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention httpwwwcdcgovnioshtopicsglutaraldehyde
bull Pg 7 Expanding Encyclopedia of Mortuary Practices No 649 2003 by Bendito James
bull httpsdocsgooglecomviewerurl=http3A2F2Fwwwchampion-neweracom2FCHAMPPDFS2Fencyclo649pdf
bull Pg 8 Macherey-Nagel
bull httpwwwmn-netcomtabid11208defaultaspx
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
-
Also used forA cold sterilant in the health care
industryA cross-linking and tanning agentA biocide in metalworking fluids
and in oil and gas pipelinesAn antimicrobial in water-
treatment systemsA slimicide in paper
manufacturingA preservative in cosmetics
A disinfectant in animal housingA tissue fixative in histology and
pathology labsA hardening agent in the
development of X-raysIn embalming solutions
In the preparation of grafts and bioprostheses
In various clinical applications
Glutaraldehyde amp FormaldehydeFormaldehyde and glutaraldehyde each have much to offer to the modern embalming industry Formaldehyde excels in certain embalming scenarios such as edema and presents rapid and classical results familiar to embalmers Glutaraldehyde excels at sanitizing abilitymildness of reaction tissue clearing cosmetic effect and prolonged delayed action Glutaraldehyde is excellent in cavity fluids where contact times are long and resistant fixation is essential In arterial injections of typically normal bodies pre-injection of glutaraldehyde followed by formaldehyde injection torapidly induce hardness of tissue or injection of glutaraldehydelow formaldehyde mixes to moderate reaction yield excellent results It is shocking how little formaldehyde is needed to yield classical signs of embalming (firmness rigidity skin tightness) in normal body injections (typically 4-6 ounces in the last part of the injection of a moderate concentration [index 20] fluid) Injections that stress and take advantage of the inherent advantages of both aldehydes yield the consistently best embalming results The overall goal of chemical selection mix in the modern embalming room should be a juxtaposition of lowered total overall exposure risk balanced against sufficient and effective embalming results
Works Citedbull Pg 2 MSDS for GlutaraldehydeWater 5050
httpwwwsciencelabcommsdsphpmsdsId=9924161
bull Pg 3 Chemical Labels httpwwwchemicallabelscomimglgLGlutaraldehyde-NFPA-Chemical-Label-LB-1592-063gif
bull Pg 4 Expanding Encyclopedia of Mortuary Practices No 649 2003 by Bendito James httpsdocsgooglecomviewerurl=http3A2F2Fwwwchampion-neweracom2FCHAMPPDFS2Fencyclo649pdf
bull Pg 5 Wikipedia
bull httpenwikipediaorgwikiGlutaraldehyde
bull Pg 6 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention httpwwwcdcgovnioshtopicsglutaraldehyde
bull Pg 7 Expanding Encyclopedia of Mortuary Practices No 649 2003 by Bendito James
bull httpsdocsgooglecomviewerurl=http3A2F2Fwwwchampion-neweracom2FCHAMPPDFS2Fencyclo649pdf
bull Pg 8 Macherey-Nagel
bull httpwwwmn-netcomtabid11208defaultaspx
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
-
Glutaraldehyde amp FormaldehydeFormaldehyde and glutaraldehyde each have much to offer to the modern embalming industry Formaldehyde excels in certain embalming scenarios such as edema and presents rapid and classical results familiar to embalmers Glutaraldehyde excels at sanitizing abilitymildness of reaction tissue clearing cosmetic effect and prolonged delayed action Glutaraldehyde is excellent in cavity fluids where contact times are long and resistant fixation is essential In arterial injections of typically normal bodies pre-injection of glutaraldehyde followed by formaldehyde injection torapidly induce hardness of tissue or injection of glutaraldehydelow formaldehyde mixes to moderate reaction yield excellent results It is shocking how little formaldehyde is needed to yield classical signs of embalming (firmness rigidity skin tightness) in normal body injections (typically 4-6 ounces in the last part of the injection of a moderate concentration [index 20] fluid) Injections that stress and take advantage of the inherent advantages of both aldehydes yield the consistently best embalming results The overall goal of chemical selection mix in the modern embalming room should be a juxtaposition of lowered total overall exposure risk balanced against sufficient and effective embalming results
Works Citedbull Pg 2 MSDS for GlutaraldehydeWater 5050
httpwwwsciencelabcommsdsphpmsdsId=9924161
bull Pg 3 Chemical Labels httpwwwchemicallabelscomimglgLGlutaraldehyde-NFPA-Chemical-Label-LB-1592-063gif
bull Pg 4 Expanding Encyclopedia of Mortuary Practices No 649 2003 by Bendito James httpsdocsgooglecomviewerurl=http3A2F2Fwwwchampion-neweracom2FCHAMPPDFS2Fencyclo649pdf
bull Pg 5 Wikipedia
bull httpenwikipediaorgwikiGlutaraldehyde
bull Pg 6 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention httpwwwcdcgovnioshtopicsglutaraldehyde
bull Pg 7 Expanding Encyclopedia of Mortuary Practices No 649 2003 by Bendito James
bull httpsdocsgooglecomviewerurl=http3A2F2Fwwwchampion-neweracom2FCHAMPPDFS2Fencyclo649pdf
bull Pg 8 Macherey-Nagel
bull httpwwwmn-netcomtabid11208defaultaspx
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
-
Works Citedbull Pg 2 MSDS for GlutaraldehydeWater 5050
httpwwwsciencelabcommsdsphpmsdsId=9924161
bull Pg 3 Chemical Labels httpwwwchemicallabelscomimglgLGlutaraldehyde-NFPA-Chemical-Label-LB-1592-063gif
bull Pg 4 Expanding Encyclopedia of Mortuary Practices No 649 2003 by Bendito James httpsdocsgooglecomviewerurl=http3A2F2Fwwwchampion-neweracom2FCHAMPPDFS2Fencyclo649pdf
bull Pg 5 Wikipedia
bull httpenwikipediaorgwikiGlutaraldehyde
bull Pg 6 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention httpwwwcdcgovnioshtopicsglutaraldehyde
bull Pg 7 Expanding Encyclopedia of Mortuary Practices No 649 2003 by Bendito James
bull httpsdocsgooglecomviewerurl=http3A2F2Fwwwchampion-neweracom2FCHAMPPDFS2Fencyclo649pdf
bull Pg 8 Macherey-Nagel
bull httpwwwmn-netcomtabid11208defaultaspx
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
-
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