georgian pingbacks: mapping attribution networks in a 19th-century newspaper corpus 

GEORGIAN PINGBACKSMAPPING ATTRIBUTION NETWORKS IN A 19TH CENTURY NEWSPAPER CORPUS

HTTP://TINYURL.COM/MHBEALSESSHC2016

M. H. BEALSORCID: 0000-0002-2907-3313LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY

@MHBEALS

SCISSORS-AND-PASTE JOURNALISM

A longstanding practice wherein one newspaper reprints, in part of in whole, content from another newspaper, with or without attribution, as part of an explicit or implied reciprocity agreement.

PLAGIARISM OR DISTRIBUTION

Lou Bloomfield, Copyfind (version 4.1.4). Windows. Charlottesville, Va., 2016.

PLAGIARISM OR DISTRIBUTION

Undirected Network of Newspaper Reprints, 1818-1819. Gephi Consortium, Gephi (version 0.9.1 ). Windows. 2016.

PLAGIARISM OR DISTRIBUTION

M. H. Beals and John Wood, Reprint Mapper  (version 0.0.4). Windows. Loughborough, UK, 2016.

while (Data >> PM >> OL >> OR >> A_Year >> A_Month >> A_Day >> A_Newspaper >> UI_A >> B_Year >> B_Month >> B_Day >> B_Newspaper >> UI_B)

{++NumLines;if (A_Newspaper == B_Newspaper){}else if (OR <= OR_Tolerance && OL <= OL_Tolerance && OR + OL <=

PM_Tolerance){}else if (A_Year > B_Year){

if (A_Year - B_Year == 1){

int A_Days = MonthToDays(A_Month, IsLeap(A_Year)) + A_Day;

bool bIsLeapYear = IsLeap(B_Year);int B_Days = MonthToDays(B_Month,

bIsLeapYear) + B_Day;if (bIsLeapYear)

B_Days = 366 - B_Days;else

B_Days = 365 - B_Days;if (A_Days + B_Days <=

MaxDaysBetween){

{Comparisons.push_back(Comp);

Comparisons[i].PM = PM;

Comparisons[i].OL = OL;

Comparisons[i].OR = OR;

Comparisons[i].bIsOriginal = false;Comparisons[i].A.UI =

UI_A;

Comparisons[i].A.Newspaper = A_Newspaper;Comparisons[i].A.Year

= A_Year;

Comparisons[i].A.Month = A_Month;Comparisons[i].A.Day =

A_Day;Comparisons[i].B.UI =

UI_B;

Comparisons[i].B.Newspaper = B_Newspaper;Comparisons[i].B.Year =

B_Year;

Comparisons[i].B.Month = B_Month;Comparisons[i].B.Day =

B_Day;++i;bUI_A_Done = false;bUI_B_Done = false;for (unsigned int it = 0;

it != size(UniqueArticle); ++it){

if (UniqueArticle[it].UID == UI_A)

bUI_A_Done = true;if

(UniqueArticle[it].UID == UI_B)

bUI_B_Done = true;}

PLAGIARISM OR DISTRIBUTION

UNAUTHORISED AND UNATTRIBUTED TEXTS

Directed Network of Newspaper Reprints, 1818-1819. Gephi Consortium, Gephi (version 0.9.1 ). Windows. 2016.

IDENTIFYING ATTRIBUTION

GEORGIAN PINGBACKS PROJECT

Particular thanks to the following undergraduate students at Loughborough University: Will Dickinson, Alice Gilbert, Ollie Luhrs, Alex Mackinder, Pooja Makwana, Matthew McCulloch, Jonny Ord, Emily Stanyard and Rebecca

Thompson.

GEORGIAN PINGBACKS PROJECT

GEORGIAN PINGBACKS PROJECT

GEORGIAN PINGBACKS PROJECT

PRELIMINARY RESULTS

The Ipswich Journal of 1820. David Huynh, Open Refine (version 2.6-beta.1 ). 2015.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Ipswich; 36

London; 27

Calais; 3

Cambridge; 3

Hanover; 3

Barking; 2

Dublin; 2Eye; 2

Wisbech; 2Woodbridge; 2

Barking Hall; 1Bayonne; 1 Burking Hall; 1 Colchester; 1 Norwich; 1 Seme; 1 Smithfield Market; 1 Southwark; 1 Thoroughfare; 1

PRELIMINARY RESULTSForeign Office; 1

Hampshire Telegraph; 3

London Gazette; 5

Newry Telegraph; 1

The Bury Post; 1

THE ETHICS OF REPRINTING

The Sydney Gazette, 2 January 1819, p. 2

WOULD YOU LIKE TO KNOW MORE?These Slides

http://tinyurl.com/mhbealsesshc2016

Georgian Pingbacks Project: http://www.scissorsandpaste.net/Georgian_Pingbacks

Scissors and Paste Projecthttp://www.github.com/mhbeals/scissorsandpaste

M. H. Bealsm.h.beals@lboro.ac.uk @mhbeals∙