geog5839.13, sampling strategies

the ‘detrended’ring-width

index

October 18

The linear aggregate model of tree growthOctober 23

Sampling strategies

THE PRINCIPLE OF ECOLOGICAL AMPLITUDEA tree species may grow and reproduce over a certain range of habitats; that range is described as its ecological amplitude. Trees that grow near the margins or limits of their ecological amplitude are o!en sensitive to changes in their environment.

h"p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li"le/

Source: Phil Camill

Average temperatures are remarkably consistent at treeline locations around the world.

Source: Körner and Paulsen, Journal of Biogeography, 2004

Growth is controlled by the scarcest resource (limiting factor), not the total amount of resources available

LAW MINIMUMTHE OF THE

THE PRINCIPLE OF SITE SELECTIONDendrochronologists should apply the principles of limiting factors and ecological amplitude to determine which trees are most likely to provide information about a specific environmental signal.

ecotone a transitional area where one plant community changes into another, usually caused by changes in the environment such as changes in elevation or soil characteristics.

h"p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li"le/

Source: Greg Brooks

Source: Phil Camill

h"p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li"le/

Dr. Hal Fri"sUniversity of Arizona

Source: Fritts et al., Ecology, 1965

where do we find old trees?

Trees can grow anywhere!

Source: Tom Harlan

Intermountain bristlecone pine 4,844 years

h"p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li"le/

Methuselah Ridge

Source: Tom Harlan

Bristlecone comparison photos

Wind erosion on bristlecone tag

Source: Tom Harlan

Bristlecone vista

Alerce 3,622 years

Source: Tim Waters

distribution map ofFITZROYA CUPRESSOIDES

Giant sequoia 3,266 years

Source: Julie Jordan Sco!

h"p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li"le/

Source: Byron Hetrick

Bristlecone vista

Coast redwood 2,200 years

Source: hoppinjonn

h"p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li"le/

Source: Brandi Korte

Source: Ralph Sievert

The Seward oak 330 yr?

Source: Danny Margoles

White cedar 1452

OLDLIST h"p://www.rmtrr.org/oldlist.htm

Eastern OLDLIST h"p://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~adk/oldlisteast/

Yoda

Size ma"ers not. Look at me. Judge me by my size, do you? Hm? Mmmm.

“ ”

Crown shapefla"ened, ‘bonsai’ shape, sparse and open, may be lopsided.

Branchesfew but large

Trunk shapecolumnar

youngest

middle

oldest

good sites poor sites

IDEALIZED SILHOUETTES OF PONDEROSA PINES

Source: Huckaby et al., 2003

Dr. Neil Pederson Lamont-Doherty Earth Observation

Pederson, N. 2010. External characteristics of old trees in the Eastern Deciduous Forest. Natural Areas Journal 30, 396:407.

SIX CHARACTERISTICS OF OLD TREES

smooth bark

low stem taper

high stem sinuosity

crowns with few, thick, twisting limbs

low crown volume

low ratio of leaf area to trunk volume

Quercus alba <150 yr, with flaky bark

Source: Neil Pederson

Quercus alba >250 yr, with low ridging on the bark

Source: Neil Pederson

Liriodendron tulipifera ca. 80 yr

Source: Neil Pederson

Liriodendron tulipifera ca. 500 yr

Source: Neil Pederson

Quercus muehlenbergii ca. 399 yr, with a low stem taper

Source: A. Wiggs

Lirodendron tulipifera showing serpentine bole and characteristic crown architecture

Source: Neil Pederson

Quercus muehlenbergii ca. 348 yr, with only a few large branches in its crown.

Source: Neil Pederson

Source: Diane Main

L. tulipifera with broken crown (le!) and a celery top crown (right)

Source: Neil Pederson

Source: Imagin Extra

where do we find tree-ring data?

INTERNATIONAL

TREE-RING DATABANK

h"p://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treering.html

Exercise!Use Google Earth to review the global distribution of tree-ring data.

THE PRINCIPLE OF

ECOLOGICAL AMPLITUDE

THE PRINCIPLE OF

SITE SELECTION

THE PRINCIPLE OF

AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH

THE PRINCIPLE OF

REPLICATION

STANDARDIZATION

THE PRINCIPLE OF

CROSS-DATING

GEOG8280NEXT CLASS